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| Author | Russell, C.L.; Bard, K.A.; Adamson, L.B. | ||||
| Title | Social referencing by young chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1997 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Comp. Psychol. |
| Volume | 111 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 185-191 |
Keywords  |
happy & fear messages concerning novel objects from familiar human caregiver, social referencing, 14–41 mo old chimpanzees | ||||
| Abstract | Social referencing is the seeking of information from another individual and the use of that information to evaluate a situation. It is a well-documented ability in human infants but has not been studied experimentally in nonhuman primates. Seventeen young nursery-reared chimpanzees (14 to 41 months old) were observed in a standard social referencing paradigm in which they received happy and fear messages concerning novel objects from a familiar human caregiver. Each chimpanzee looked referentially at their caregiver, and the emotional messages that they received differentially influenced their gaze behavior and avoidance of the novel objects. It is concluded that chimpanzees can acquire information about their complex social and physical environments through social referencing and can use emotional information to alter their own behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | US: American Psychological Association | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1939-2087(Electronic);0735-7036(Print) | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ 1997-06365-008 | Serial | 5603 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Beck, B.B. | ||||
| Title | Chimpocentrism: Bias in cognitive ethology | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Journal of Human Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 11 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 3-17 |
| Keywords |
herring gull; chimpanzee; cognition; tool-use; shell-dropping; mollusk; predation | ||||
| Abstract | Herring gulls drop hard-shelled mollusks and hermit crab-inhabited molluskan prey in order to break the shells and gain access to the edible interior. A field study of predatory shell dropping on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A. showed that the gulls usually drop the same shell repeatedly, orient directly to dropping sites that are invisible from the point at which the mollusks are captured, drop preferentially on hard surfaces, adjust dropping heights to suit the area and elasticity of the substrate, orient directly into the wind while dropping, sever the large defensive cheliped of hermit crabs before consumption, and rinse prey that is difficult to swallow. Proficiency in prey dropping is acquired through dropping objects in play, trial-and-error learning, and perhaps, observation learning. Observable attributes of predatory shell-dropping support inferences that the gulls are capable of extended concentration, purposefulness, mental representation of spatially and temporally displaced environmental features, cognitive mapping, cognitive modeling, selectivity, and strategy formation. Identical cognitive processes have been inferred to underlie the most sophisticated forms of chimpanzee tool-use. Advanced cognitive capacities are not restricted to chimpanzees and other pongids, and are not associated uniquely with tool use. The chimpocentric bias should be abandoned, and reconstructions of the evolution of intelligence should be modified accordingly. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4414 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Chalmeau, R.; Gallo, A. | ||||
| Title | Social constraints determine what is learned in the chimpanzee | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
| Volume | 28 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 173-179 |
| Keywords |
Operant conditioning; Social influence; Individual strategy; Chimpanzee | ||||
| Abstract | A group of six chimpanzees was placed in a social learning situation, without training. The learning task was an operant conditioning situation; that is, a subject had to pull two handles simultaneously to cause a piece of fruit to fall into the cage. Only three individuals acquired the operant behaviour. For the operant individuals, social influences on the expression of the learning task were then examined; the dominant chimpanzee during feeding had an inhibiting effect when close to the operant subjects. Depending on the subject, social factors may influence not only the specific expression of what is learnt, but also the nature of what is learnt. Chimpanzees appear to experience situations differently: they develop an individual problem-solving strategy according to their social relationships even if the experimental procedure is the same for all. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 569 | ||
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| Author | de Waal, F.B.M.; Luttrell, L.M. | ||||
| Title | Mechanisms of social reciprocity in three primate species: Symmetrical relationship characteristics or cognition? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1988 | Publication | Ethology and Sociobiology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 2–4 | Pages | 101-118 |
| Keywords |
Reciprocity; Agonistic intervention; Cognition; Chimpanzees; Macaques | ||||
| Abstract | Agonistic intervention behavior was observed in captive groups of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), and stumptail monkeys (M. arctoides). Reciprocity correlations of interventions were determined while removing from the data the effects of several symmetrical relationship characteristics, that is, matrillineal kinship, proximity relations, and same-sex combination. It was considered likely that if significant reciprocity persisted after controlling for these characteristics, the reciprocity was based on cognitive mechanisms. Statistical significance was tested by means of recently developed matrix permutation procedures. All three species exhibited significant reciprocity with regard to beneficial interventions, even after controlling for symmetrical traits. Harmful interventions were, however, reciprocal among chimpanzees only. This species showed a “revenge system”, that is, if A often intervened against B, B did the same to A. In contrast, both macaque species showed significantly inversed reciprocity in their harmful interventions: if A often intervened against B, B rarely intervened against A. Further analysis indicates that the strict hierarchy of macaques prevents them from achieving complete reciprocity. Compared to chimpanzees, macaques rarely intervene against higher ranking group members. The observed contrast can be partially explained on the basis of differences in available space, as indicated by a comparison of indoor and outdoor living conditions for the chimpanzee colony. Yet, even when such spatial factors are taken into account, substantial behavior differences between chimpanzees and macaques remain. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0162-3095 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5809 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||