| Records |
| Author |
Brosnan, S.F.; Schiff, H.C.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
| Title |
Tolerance for inequity may increase with social closeness in chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Biol Sci |
| Volume |
272 |
Issue |
1560 |
Pages |
253-258 |
Keywords  |
Analysis of Variance; Animals; *Attitude; Group Processes; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Reward; *Social Behavior; Socioeconomic Factors |
| Abstract |
Economic decision-making depends on our social environment. Humans tend to respond differently to inequity in close relationships, yet we know little about the potential for such variation in other species. We examine responses to inequity in several groups of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in a paradigm similar to that used previously in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). We demonstrate that, like capuchin monkeys, chimpanzees show a response to inequity of rewards that is based upon the partner receiving the reward rather than the presence of the reward alone. However, we also found a great amount of variation between groups tested, indicating that chimpanzees, like people, respond to inequity in a variable manner, which we speculate could be caused by such variables as group size, the social closeness of the group (as reflected in length of time that the group has been together) and group-specific traditions. |
| Address |
Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 North Gatewood Drive, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. sbrosna@emory.edu |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0962-8452 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:15705549 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
169 |
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| Author |
Weaver, A.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
| Title |
An index of relationship quality based on attachment theory |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
| Volume |
116 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
93-106 |
| Keywords |
Analysis of Variance; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Female; Male; *Maternal Behavior; *Object Attachment; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Pilot Projects |
| Abstract |
Two measures are reported of the nature or quality of a mother-offspring (MO) relationship during development using brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) as models. One is a qualitative classification of MO relationships as secure, resistant, or avoidant attachments. The other is an empirical ratio of relative affiliation to agonism called the MO relationship quality, or MORQ, Index. The two methods tapped similar relationship features so relationships high or low of a median split of MORQ values were heuristically labeled secure (n = 22) or insecure (n = 16), respectively. A comparison revealed extensive behavioral differences between secure and insecure MO relationships and suggested MORQ provided an objective, continuous measure of attachment security. |
| Address |
Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, USA. achweaver@att.net |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0735-7036 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:11930937 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
183 |
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| Author |
Uller, C. |
| Title |
Disposition to recognize goals in infant chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
154-161 |
| Keywords |
Analysis of Variance; Animals; Female; Fixation, Ocular; *Goals; *Intention; Male; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Pattern Recognition, Visual; *Problem Solving; *Recognition (Psychology) |
| Abstract |
Do nonhuman primates attribute goals to others? Traditional studies with chimpanzees provide equivocal evidence for “mind reading” in nonhuman primates. Here we adopt looking time, a methodology commonly used with human infants to test infant chimpanzees. In this experiment, four infant chimpanzees saw computer-generated stimuli that mimicked a goal-directed behavior. The baby chimps performed as well as human infants, namely, they were sensitive to the trajectories of the objects, thus suggesting that chimpanzees may be endowed with a disposition to understand goal-directed behaviors. The theoretical implications of these results are discussed. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, C04 3SQ, Colchester, UK. uller40@yahoo.com |
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English |
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| ISSN |
1435-9448 |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:14685823 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2546 |
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| Author |
Cohen, J. |
| Title |
Animal behavior. The world through a chimp's eyes |
Type |
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| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
316 |
Issue |
5821 |
Pages |
44-45 |
| Keywords |
Animal Communication; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; Cooperative Behavior; Culture; Memory; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Social Behavior; Tool Use Behavior |
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English |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1095-9203 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:17412932 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2832 |
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| Author |
Hostetter, A.B.; Russell, J.L.; Freeman, H.; Hopkins, W.D. |
| Title |
Now you see me, now you don't: evidence that chimpanzees understand the role of the eyes in attention |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
55-62 |
| Keywords |
Animal Husbandry/methods; Animals; *Attention; Awareness; Female; Fixation, Ocular/*physiology; Humans; Male; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; *Social Behavior; *Social Perception |
| Abstract |
Chimpanzees appear to understand something about the attentional states of others; in the present experiment, we investigated whether they understand that the attentional state of a human is based on eye gaze. In all, 116 adult chimpanzees were offered food by an experimenter who engaged in one of the four experimental manipulations: eyes closed, eyes open, hand over eyes, and hand over mouth. The communicative behavior of the chimpanzees was observed. More visible behaviors were produced when the experimenter's eyes were visible than when the experimenter's eyes were not visible. More vocalizations were produced when the experimenter's eyes were closed than when they were open, but there were no differences in other attention getting behaviors. There was no effect of age or rearing history. The results suggest that chimpanzees use the presence of the eyes as a cue that their visual gestures will be effective. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W. Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA. abhostetter@wisc.edu |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1435-9448 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:16847659 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2457 |
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| Author |
Koski, S.E.; Koops, K.; Sterck, E.H.M. |
| Title |
Reconciliation, relationship quality, and postconflict anxiety: testing the integrated hypothesis in captive chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
American journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Primatol. |
| Volume |
69 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
158-172 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Anxiety; *Behavior, Animal; Conflict (Psychology); Female; Male; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; *Social Behavior |
| Abstract |
Reconciliation is a conflict resolution mechanism that is common to many gregarious species with individualized societies. Reconciliation repairs the damaged relationship between the opponents and decreases postconflict (PC) anxiety. The “integrated hypothesis” links the quality of the opponents' relationship to PC anxiety, since it proposes that conflicts among partners with high relationship quality will yield high levels of PC anxiety, which in turn will lead to an increased likelihood of reconciliation. We tested the integrated hypothesis in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in the Arnhem Zoo, The Netherlands. We applied the standard PC/matched control (MC) method. Our results mostly support the integrated hypothesis, in that more valuable and compatible partners (i.e., males and frequent groomers) reconciled more often than less valuable and weakly compatible partners (i.e., females and infrequent groomers). In addition, PC anxiety was higher after conflicts among males than among females. Emotional arousal thus appears to be a mediator facilitating reconciliation. However, in contrast to the predictions derived from the integrated hypothesis, PC anxiety appeared only in aggressees, and not in aggressors, of conflicts. This suggests that while relationship quality determines PC anxiety, it is dependent on the role of the participants in the conflict. |
| Address |
Department of Behavioural Biology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. s.e.koski@bio.uu.nl |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0275-2565 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:17146788 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
2872 |
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| Author |
O'Connell, S.; Dunbar, R.I.M. |
| Title |
The perception of causality in chimpanzees (Pan spp.) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
60-66 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Association Learning; Awareness; *Concept Formation; Female; *Habituation, Psychophysiologic; Male; Pan paniscus/*psychology; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Perception |
| Abstract |
Chimpanzees (Pan spp.) were tested on a habituation/dishabituation paradigm that was originally developed to test for comprehension of causality in very young human infants. Three versions of the test were used: a food item being moved by a hand, a human pushing another human off a chair to obtain a food item, and a film clip of natural chimpanzee behaviour (capturing and eating a monkey). Chimpanzees exhibited similar results to those obtained with human infants, with significantly elevated levels of looking on the dishabituation trials. Since the level of response was significantly greater on natural/unnatural sequences than on unnatural/natural sequences, we conclude that the chimpanzees were not responding just to novelty but rather to events that infringed their sense of natural causation. |
| Address |
Evolutionary Psychology Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK |
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English |
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| ISSN |
1435-9448 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:15322943 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2514 |
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| Author |
Barth, J.; Reaux, J.E.; Povinelli, D.J. |
| Title |
Chimpanzees' (Pan troglodytes) use of gaze cues in object-choice tasks: different methods yield different results |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
84-92 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Attention; *Choice Behavior; *Cues; *Eye Movements; Female; Male; *Nonverbal Communication; Orientation; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Social Environment |
| Abstract |
To assess the influence of different procedures on chimpanzees' performance in object-choice tasks, five adult chimpanzees were tested using three experimenter-given cues to food location: gazing, glancing, and pointing. These cues were delivered to the subjects in an identical fashion but were deployed within the context of two distinct meta-procedures that have been previously employed with this species with conflicting results. In one procedure, the subjects entered the test unit and approached the experimenter (who had already established the cue) on each trial. In the other procedure, the subjects stayed in the test unit throughout a session, witnessed the hiding procedure, and waited for a delay of 10 s during which the cue was provided. The subjects scored at high levels far exceeding chance in response to the gaze cue only when they approached the experimenter for each trial. They performed at chance levels when they stayed inside the test unit throughout the session. They scored at chance levels on all other cues irrespective of the procedure. These findings imply that (a) chimpanzees can immediately exploit social gaze cues, and (b) previous conflicting findings were likely due to the different meta-procedures that were used. |
| Address |
Department of Neurocognition, Faculty of Psychology, Universiteit Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. j.barth@psychology.unimaas.nl |
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English |
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1435-9448 |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:15449100 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2510 |
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| Author |
Hostetter, A.B.; Cantero, M.; Hopkins, W.D. |
| Title |
Differential use of vocal and gestural communication by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in response to the attentional status of a human (Homo sapiens) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Comp. Psychol. |
| Volume |
115 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
337-343 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Attention; *Communication Methods, Total; Female; *Gestures; Humans; Male; Motivation; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Social Environment; Species Specificity; *Vocalization, Animal |
| Abstract |
This study examined the communicative behavior of 49 captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), particularly their use of vocalizations, manual gestures, and other auditory- or tactile-based behaviors as a means of gaining an inattentive audience's attention. A human (Homo sapiens) experimenter held a banana while oriented either toward or away from the chimpanzee. The chimpanzees' behavior was recorded for 60 s. Chimpanzees emitted vocalizations faster and were more likely to produce vocalizations as their 1st communicative behavior when a human was oriented away from them. Chimpanzees used manual gestures more frequently and faster when the human was oriented toward them. These results replicate the findings of earlier studies on chimpanzee gestural communication and provide new information about the intentional and functional use of their vocalizations. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, Berry College, USA |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0735-7036 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:11824896 |
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4970 |
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| Author |
Nielsen, M.; Collier-Baker, E.; Davis, J.M.; Suddendorf, T. |
| Title |
Imitation recognition in a captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
31-36 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Awareness; Humans; *Imitative Behavior; Male; Motor Activity; *Movement; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; *Recognition (Psychology) |
| Abstract |
This study investigated the ability of a captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) to recognise when he is being imitated. In the experimental condition of test 1a, an experimenter imitated the postures and behaviours of the chimpanzee as they were being displayed. In three control conditions the same experimenter exhibited (1) actions that were contingent on, but different from, the actions of the chimpanzee, (2) actions that were not contingent on, and different from, the actions of the chimpanzee, or (3) no action at all. The chimpanzee showed more “testing” sequences (i.e., systematically varying his actions while oriented to the imitating experimenter) and more repetitive behaviour when he was being imitated, than when he was not. This finding was replicated 4 months later in test 1b. When the experimenter repeated the same actions she displayed in the experimental condition of test 1a back to the chimpanzee in test 2, these actions now did not elicit those same testing sequences or repetitive behaviours. However, a live imitation condition did. Together these results provide the first evidence of imitation recognition in a nonhuman animal. |
| Address |
Early Cognitive Development Unit, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, QLD, Brisbane, 4072, Australia. nielsen@psy.uq.edu.au |
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English |
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1435-9448 |
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| Notes |
PMID:15322942 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2515 |
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