| Records |
| Author |
Livoreil, B.; Giraldeau, L. |
| Title |
Patch departure decisions by spice finches foraging singly or in groups |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
54 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
967-977 |
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| Abstract |
The marginal value theorem predicts that when resources are clumped in space, a forager can maximize its rate of intake by deciding to leave a patch when its current feeding rate falls below the average for the habitat. A group version of the model predicts that when rate-maximizing group members share a patch, they should leave sooner, and each with less gain, than single animals exploiting the same patch. We tested these predictions in the laboratory by measuring patch departure decisions of spice finches, Lonchura punctulataexploiting food patches alone or in groups of three under two habitats that require different travel times. As predicted, group members left the patch sooner and with fewer seeds than single foragers. Unlike the model's assumptions, however, birds did not share the patch equally, and their exploitation curves could not be simply derived from those of single foragers. Grouping decreased the effect of travel time on patch exploitation. Moreover, within each group the bird expected to leave first delayed its departure although it collected fewer seeds than the others. This delayed departure could aim to maintain group membership. We noted an increased variability in seed number collected by group members compared with single foragers, which could be a cost of group foraging.Copyright 1997 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour1997The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour |
| Address |
Department of Biology, Concordia University |
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English |
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0003-3472 |
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PMID:9344448 |
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no |
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2138 |
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| Author |
Delacour, J. |
| Title |
Object Perception and Recognition: A Model for the Scientific Study of Consciousness |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Theory Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
257-262 |
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| Abstract |
The main obstacles to the scientific study of consciousness are its subjectivity and its complexity. Object perception and recognition (OPR) can be a useful model in such a study because there is a remarkable agreement between the subjective and objective aspects of OPR; in addition, while OPR is somewhat simpler than other forms of cognition, it adequately represents one characteristic feature of consciousness: intentionality. It thus allows convergent studies of experimental psychology, artificial intelligence and biology, in both humans and animals. Recent advances in the neurophysiology of visual OPR in subhuman primates and its brain imaging in humans provide a vital thread to the neural basis of consciousness, especially of its integrative, unifying character. |
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10.1177/0959354397072007 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2967 |
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| Author |
Anderson JR; Gallup GG |
| Title |
Self-recognition in Saguinus? A critical essay |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
54 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1563 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2978 |
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| Author |
Bugnyar T; Huber L |
| Title |
Push or pull: an experimental study on imitation in marmosets |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
54 |
Issue |
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Pages |
817 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2984 |
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| Author |
Hauser MD; Kralik J |
| Title |
Life beyond the mirror: a reply to Anderson & Gallup |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
54 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1568 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3002 |
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| Author |
Inoue-Nakamura N; Matsuzawa T |
| Title |
Development of stone tool use by wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
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Journal Article |
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1997 |
Publication |
J. Comp. Psychol. |
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111 |
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159 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3009 |
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| Author |
Povinelli DJ; Gallup GG; Eddy TJ; Bierschwale DT; Engstrom MC |
| Title |
Chimpanzees recognize themselves in mirrors |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
53 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1083 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3029 |
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| Author |
Hauser MD |
| Title |
Artifactual kinds and functional design features: what a primate understands without language |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Cognition |
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| Volume |
64 |
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Pages |
285 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3064 |
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| Author |
Bekoff M. |
| Title |
Deep Ethology, Animal Rights, and the Great Ape/Animal Project: Resisting Speciesism and Expanding the Community of Equals |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics |
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10 |
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269-296 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
3470 |
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| Author |
Szenci, O.; Palme, R.; Taverne, M.A.; Varga, J.; Meersma, N.; Wissink, E. |
| Title |
Evaluation of false ultrasonographic pregnancy diagnoses in sows by measuring the concentration of unconjugated estrogens in feces |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Theriogenology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Theriogenology |
| Volume |
48 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
873-882 |
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| Abstract |
On Days 26, 28, and 30 after AI, ultrasonographic pregnancy diagnoses were performed on 207 gilts and sows by using a 3.5 MHz linear-array transducer. Fecal samples were taken from the rectum after each ultrasonographic examination, and the concentrations of unconjugated estrogens in selected samples (n = 73) were measured by RIA. Fecal unconjugated estrogen concentration of 11.7 ng/g feces or higher was indicative of pregnancy. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the ultrasonographic test was 99% for farrowing sows and 73.1% for nonfarrowing sows. With one exception, sows with a false negative diagnosis by ultrasonography on Day 26 were correctly diagnosed pregnant by elevated fecal unconjugated estrogens or repeated ultrasonographic examinations on Days 28 or 30. Return to estrus around the sampling period may cause false positive results in the unconjugated estrogen assay, while early embryonic mortality can result in false positive diagnoses in both the ultrasonographic test and estrogen assay. Although there was a positive correlation between the concentrations of unconjugated estrogens in the feces and litter size at farrowing in the selected sows, it seems very unlikely that fecal estrogens can provide an accurate tool for predicting litter size. |
| Address |
University of Veterinary Science, Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction H-1400 Budapest, P.O. Box 2, Hungary |
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English |
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0093-691X |
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| Notes |
PMID:16728179 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4077 |
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