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| Author | Beck, B.B. | ||||
| Title | Chimpocentrism: Bias in cognitive ethology | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Journal of Human Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 11 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 3-17 |
Keywords  |
herring gull; chimpanzee; cognition; tool-use; shell-dropping; mollusk; predation | ||||
| Abstract | Herring gulls drop hard-shelled mollusks and hermit crab-inhabited molluskan prey in order to break the shells and gain access to the edible interior. A field study of predatory shell dropping on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A. showed that the gulls usually drop the same shell repeatedly, orient directly to dropping sites that are invisible from the point at which the mollusks are captured, drop preferentially on hard surfaces, adjust dropping heights to suit the area and elasticity of the substrate, orient directly into the wind while dropping, sever the large defensive cheliped of hermit crabs before consumption, and rinse prey that is difficult to swallow. Proficiency in prey dropping is acquired through dropping objects in play, trial-and-error learning, and perhaps, observation learning. Observable attributes of predatory shell-dropping support inferences that the gulls are capable of extended concentration, purposefulness, mental representation of spatially and temporally displaced environmental features, cognitive mapping, cognitive modeling, selectivity, and strategy formation. Identical cognitive processes have been inferred to underlie the most sophisticated forms of chimpanzee tool-use. Advanced cognitive capacities are not restricted to chimpanzees and other pongids, and are not associated uniquely with tool use. The chimpocentric bias should be abandoned, and reconstructions of the evolution of intelligence should be modified accordingly. |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4414 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Thor, D.H.; Holloway, W.R. | ||||
| Title | Social memory of the male laboratory rat | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. |
| Volume | 96 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1000-1006 |
| Keywords |
duration of social-investigatory behavior, measure of conspecific recognition &; social memory, male rats | ||||
| Abstract | Used duration of social-investigatory behavior by 36 mature male Long-Evans rats as a measure of individual recognition in 5 experiments to assess social memory. In Exp I, the duration of social investigation during a 2nd exposure to the same juvenile (n[en space]=[en space]12) was directly related to the length of the interexposure interval. In Exp II, Ss were exposed to the same or different juvenile 10 min after an initial 5-min exposure to a novel juvenile; reexposure to the same juvenile elicited significantly less social investigation than an exposure to a different juvenile. Exps III and IV demonstrated that following a 5-min introductory exposure, social memory of the juvenile was relatively brief in comparison with that of mature Ss. Exp V revealed a retroactive interference effect on recently acquired memory for an individual: 12 mature Ss exposed to interpolated social experience engaged in significantly longer investigation of a juvenile than those with no interpolated social experience. The combined results suggest that (1) the rat normally engages in spontaneous learning of individual identity and (2) social memory may be a significant aspect of complex social interactions. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0021-9940 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5133 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Alexander, F. | ||||
| Title | Effect of phenylbutazone on electrolyte metabolism in ponies | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | The Veterinary record | Abbreviated Journal | Vet. Rec. |
| Volume | 110 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 271-272 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Chlorides/metabolism; Electrolytes/*metabolism; Horses/*metabolism; Male; Phenylbutazone/*pharmacology; Sodium/metabolism | ||||
| Abstract | Phenylbutazone administered in therapeutic doses to ponies decreased urinary sodium and chloride excretion. The volume and osmolality of the urine was unaffected as was potassium excretion. Faecal excretion of chloride decreased and that of potassium increased, while faecal sodium excretion was unaffected. Plasma pH, bicarbonate and total carbon dioxide decreased after phenylbutazone administration. Packed cell volume, plasma sodium, potassium, carbon dioxide tension and chloride were unchanged. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0042-4900 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:7080416 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 109 | ||
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| Author | Strickman, D. | ||||
| Title | Notes on Tabanidae (Diptera) from Paraguay | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Journal of Medical Entomology | Abbreviated Journal | J Med Entomol |
| Volume | 19 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 399-402 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Cattle; Diptera/*growth & development; Dogs; Ecology; Female; Geography; Horses; Humans; Insect Bites and Stings/epidemiology/veterinary; Male; Paraguay | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0022-2585 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:7154018 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2690 | ||
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| Author | Gonzalez-Fernandez, J.M.; Atta, S.E. | ||||
| Title | Facilitated transport of oxygen in the presence of membranes in the diffusion path | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Biophysical Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Biophys J |
| Volume | 38 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 133-141 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Membrane/*metabolism; Diffusion; Dogs; Horses; Humans; Kinetics; Mathematics; *Models, Biological; Muscles/*metabolism; Oxygen/*metabolism | ||||
| Abstract | Most of the experimental observations on facilitated transport have been done with millipore filters, and all the theoretical studies have assumed homogeneous spatial properties. In striated muscle there exist membranes that may impede the diffusion of the carrier myoglobin. In this paper a theoretical study is undertaken to analyze the transport in the presence of membranes in the diffusion path. For the numerical computations physiologically relevant values of the parameters were chosen. The numerical results indicate that the presence of membranes tends to decrease the facilitation. For the nonlinear chemical kinetics of the reaction of oxygen with the carrier, this decrement also depends on the location of the membranes. At the higher oxygen concentration side of each membrane the flow of combined oxygen is transferred to the flow of dissolved oxygen. The reverse process occurs at the lower concentration side. Jump discontinuities of the concentration of the oxygen-carrier compound at each membrane are associated with these transfers. The decrement of facilitation is due to the cumulative effect of these jump discontinuities. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0006-3495 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:7093418 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3806 | ||
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| Author | Hinson, R.E. | ||||
| Title | Effects of UCS preexposure on excitatory and inhibitory rabbit eyelid conditioning: an associative effect of conditioned contextual stimuli | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes | Abbreviated Journal | J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 49-61 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Association Learning; Cognition; *Conditioning, Eyelid; *Inhibition (Psychology); Practice (Psychology); Rabbits; Reaction Time | ||||
| Abstract | Preconditioning experience with the unconditional stimulus (UCS) retards subsequent excitatory conditioning. Three experiments demonstrated that this UCS retardation effect is attenuated by associative manipulations of contextual stimuli of the UCS preexposure environment. The UCS retardation effect was reduced by (a) altering contextual stimuli between preexposure and conditioning (Experiment 1), (b) latently inhibiting contextual stimuli prior to UCS preexposure (Experiment 2), and (c) extinguishing contextual stimuli subsequent to UCS preexposure (Experiment 3). Although UCS preexposure retarded excitatory conditioning, the results of Experiment 4 demonstrated that UCS preexposure facilitated inhibitory conditioning. These results indicate that an association between contextual stimuli and the preexposed UCS contributes to the effects of preconditioning UCS experience on subsequent learning. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0097-7403 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:7057144 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2787 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Donnelly, J.; Phipps, L.P.; Watkins, K.L. | ||||
| Title | Evidence of maternal antibodies to Babesia equi and B caballi in foals of seropositive mares | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume | 14 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 126-128 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Antibodies/*analysis; Babesia/*immunology; Complement Fixation Tests; Female; Horses/*immunology; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; Male; Time Factors | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:7084196 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2280 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Klingel, H. | ||||
| Title | Social organization of feral horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement | Abbreviated Journal | J Reprod Fertil Suppl |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | Pages | 89-95 | |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior; Territoriality | ||||
| Abstract | The basic social unit in feral horses is the family group consisting of one stallion, one to a few unrelated mares and their foals. Surplus stallions associate in bachelor groups. Stallions are instrumental in bringing mares together in a unit which then persists even without a stallion. The similarity of social organization in populations living in a variety of different habitats indicates that feral horses have reverted to the habits of their wild ancestors, and that domestication has had no influence on this basic behavioural feature. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0449-3087 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:6962906 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 1958 | ||
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| Author | Turner, J.W.J.; Kirkpatrick, J.F. | ||||
| Title | Androgens, behaviour and fertility control in feral stallions | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement | Abbreviated Journal | J Reprod Fertil Suppl |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | Pages | 79-87 | |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; Copulation/drug effects; Female; *Fertility/drug effects; Horses/*physiology; Male; Periodicity; Pregnancy; Seasons; *Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects; Sexual Maturation; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility/drug effects; Testosterone/*blood/pharmacology | ||||
| Abstract | This field study of feral stallions in Montana and Idaho examines and correlates the seasonal pattern of plasma androgens and specific sociosexual behaviour and reports the effect of a long-acting androgenic steroid on this behaviour and on fertility. Plasma testosterone was measured by competitive protein binding assay in samples obtained by jugular venepuncture from captured animals. In samples taken from 34 sexually mature stallions in 6 different months during the year, a definite seasonal pattern in testosterone was present, with a peak in May (3.04 +/- 0.63 ng/ml) and a nadir in December (1.55 +/- 0.34 ng/ml). Values were less than 2.0 ng/ml in non-breeding months and greater than 2.4 ng/ml in breeding months. Behavioural endpoints measured were (1) stallion scent marking in response to elimination by mares (elimination marking), (2) mounting and (3) copulation. The frequencies of each of these endpoints followed closely the seasonal pattern seen for plasma androgens. In the fertility study microcapsulated testosterone propionate (microTP) was administered i.m. to 10 harem stud stallions 3 months before the 1980 breeding season. In these stallions and in 10 control harem studs, the above behavioural endpoints were examined in the 1980 and 1981 breeding seasons, and foal counts were made in 1981. There were no direct inhibitory or stimulatory effects of microTP treatment on any of the behavioural endpoints in either year. In 1981 foals were produced in 87.5% of the control bands and 28.4% of the microTP-treated bands. These results indicate that microencapsulated testosterone propionate can provide effective fertility control in feral horses without causing significant alterations in sociosexual behaviour. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0449-3087 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:6962905 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 138 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Dyson, H.J.; Beattie, J.K. | ||||
| Title | Spin state and unfolding equilibria of ferricytochrome c in acidic solutions | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | The Journal of Biological Chemistry | Abbreviated Journal | J Biol Chem |
| Volume | 257 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 2267-2273 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Cytochrome c Group; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Heme; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Ligands; Myocardium; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Spectrophotometry; Temperature | ||||
| Abstract | Equilibrium, stopped flow, and temperature-jump spectrophotometry have been used to identify processes in the unfolding of ferricytochrome c in acidic aqueous solutions. A relaxation occurring in approximately 100 microseconds involves perturbation of a spin-equilibrium between two folded conformers of the protein with methionine-80 coordinated or dissociated from the heme iron. The protein unfolds more slowly, in milliseconds, with dissociation and protonation of histidine-18. These two transitions appear cooperative in equilibrium measurements at low (0.01 M) ionic strength, but are separated at higher (0.10 M) ionic strength. They are resolved under both conditions in the dynamic measurements. The spin-equilibrium description permits a unified explanation of a number of properties of ferricytochrome c in acidic aqueous solutions. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0021-9258 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:6277891 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3807 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||