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| Author | Rietbroek, N.J.; Dingboom, E.G.; Joosten, B.J.L.J.; Eizema, K.; Everts, M.E. | ||||
| Title | Effect of show jumping training on the development of locomotory muscle in young horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | American Journal of Veterinary Research | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Vet Res |
| Volume | 68 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 1232-1238 |
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| Abstract | OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether training for show jumping that is commenced early after birth affects the characteristics of equine locomotory muscle. ANIMALS: 19 Dutch Warmblood horses. PROCEDURES: Horses were assigned to a trained or not trained (control) group. After weaning, training (free jumping [2 d/wk] that was alternated with a 20-minute period of exercise in a mechanical rotating walker [3 d/wk]) was started and continued until horses were 3 years old. Fiber type composition (determined from myosin heavy chain [MyHC] content), fiber area, diffusion index (area supplied by 1 capillary), citrate synthase activity, and Na(+),K(+)-ATPase content were assessed in gluteus medius muscle specimens collected at 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 years. RESULTS: Developmental changes included an increase in MyHC fiber type IIa and a decrease in type IIad; increases in fiber area, diffusion index, and citrate synthase activity; and a decrease in Na(+),K(+)-ATPase content. The MyHC fiber type I and type IId were detected in high and low proportions, respectively. Training increased Na(+),K(+)-ATPase content, but did not affect other variables. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In horses, show jumping training at an early age resulted in increased Na(+),K(+)-ATPase content of the deep portions of the gluteus medius muscle. The lack of training effects on the other muscle characteristics can partly be explained by the fact that an appropriate (aerobic) fiber type composition was already established at training commencement. These data also suggested that the developmental changes in equine muscle represent sufficient adaptation to meet the demands of this specific training. | ||||
| Address | Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0002-9645 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:17975979 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4358 | ||
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| Author | Parry, B.W.; Gay, C.C.; McCarthy, M.A. | ||||
| Title | Influence of head height on arterial blood pressure in standing horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1980 | Publication | American Journal of Veterinary Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 41 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 1626-1631 |
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| Notes | Cited By (since 1996): 4; Export Date: 21 October 2008 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4539 | ||
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| Author | Fazio, F.; Assenza, A.; Piccione, G.; Caola, G. | ||||
| Title | Periodic Monitoring of Some Physiological Parameters during Training in the Athletic Horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Veterinary Research Communications | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 27 | Issue | Pages | 595-598 | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4384 | ||
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| Author | Herron, M.A.; Martin, J.E.; Joyce, J.R. | ||||
| Title | Quantitative study of the decussating optic axons in the pony, cow, sheep, and pig. | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1978 | Publication | American Journal of Veterinary Research | Abbreviated Journal | Am. J. Vet .Res. |
| Volume | 39 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 1137-9 |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5586 | ||
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| Author | Rehbinder, C.; Hau, J. | ||||
| Title | Quantification of cortisol, cortisol immunoreactive metabolites, and immunoglobulin A in serum, saliva, urine, and feces for noninvasive assessment of stress in reindeer | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research | Abbreviated Journal | Can J Vet Res |
| Volume | 70 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 151-154 |
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| Abstract | This study was designed to develop reliable methods for quantification of cortisol and cortisol immunoreactive metabolites (C-CIM) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in reindeer serum, saliva, urine, and feces as tools for the objective noninvasive assessment of well-being and immunocompetence in reindeer. Although C-CIM was readily quantifiable by radioimmunoassay in serum, urine, and feces, the levels in saliva samples were low, rendering quantification unreliable. Whereas IgA concentrations were high in feces samples, they were much lower, albeit quantifiable, in serum and urine; the levels in saliva samples were too low for quantification with the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that we developed. Further studies are in progress to validate the usefulness of fecal levels of C-CIM and IgA in the assessment of welfare in reindeer. | ||||
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| Publisher | Canadian Veterinary Medical Association | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0830-9000 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5852 | ||
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| Author | Janczarek, I.; Stachurska, A.; Kedzierski, W.; Wisniewska, A.; Ryzak, M.; Koziol, A. | ||||
| Title | The intensity of physiological and behavioral responses of horses to predator vocalizations | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | BMC Veterinary Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 16 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 431 |
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| Abstract | Predatory attacks on horses can become a problem in some parts of the world, particularly when considering the recovering gray wolf populations. The issue studied was whether horses transformed by humans and placed in stable-pasture environments had retained their natural abilities to respond to predation risk. The objective of the study was to determine the changes in cardiac activity, cortisol concentrations, and behavior of horses in response to the vocalizations of two predators: the gray wolf (Canis lupus), which the horses of the breed studied had coevolved with but not been exposed to recently, and Arabian leopard (Panthera pardus nimr), from which the horses had been mostly isolated. In addition, we hypothesized that a higher proportion of Thoroughbred (TB) horse ancestry in the pedigree would result in higher emotional excitability in response to predator vocalizations. Nineteen horses were divided into groups of 75%, 50% and 25% TB ancestry. The auditory test conducted in a paddock comprised a 10-min prestimulus period, a 5-min stimulus period when one of the predators was heard, and a 10-min poststimulus period without any experimental stimuli. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1746-6148 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Janczarek2020 | Serial | 6624 | ||
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| Author | Santamaria, S.; Bobbert, M.E.; Back, W.; Barneveld, A.; van Weeren, P.R. | ||||
| Title | Variation in free jumping technique within and among horses with little experience in show jumping | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | American Journal of Veterinary Research | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Vet Res |
| Volume | 65 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 938-944 |
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*Acceleration; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Biomechanics; Forelimb/physiology; Gait/*physiology; Hindlimb/physiology; Horses/*physiology; Locomotion/*physiology; Models, Biological; Video Recording | ||||
| Abstract | OBJECTIVE: To quantify variation in the jumping technique within and among young horses with little jumping experience, establish relationships between kinetic and kinematic variables, and identify a limited set of variables characteristic for detecting differences in jumping performance among horses. ANIMALS: Fifteen 4-year-old Dutch Warmblood horses. PROCEDURE: The horses were raised under standardized conditions and trained in accordance with a fixed protocol for a short period. Subsequently, horses were analyzed kinematically during free jumping over a fence with a height of 1.05 m. RESULTS: Within-horse variation in all variables that quantified jumping technique was smaller than variation among horses. However, some horses had less variation than others. Height of the center of gravity (CG) at the apex of the jump ranged from 1.80 to 2.01 m among horses; this variation could be explained by the variation in vertical velocity of the CG at takeoff (r, 0.78). Horses that had higher vertical velocity at takeoff left the ground and landed again farther from the fence, had shorter push-off phases for the forelimbs and hind limbs, and generated greater vertical acceleration of the CG primarily during the hind limb push-off. However, all horses cleared the fence successfully, independent of jumping technique. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Each horse had its own jumping technique. Differences among techniques were characterized by variations in the vertical velocity of the CG at takeoff. It must be determined whether jumping performance later in life can be predicted from observing free jumps of young horses. | ||||
| Address | Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 12, NL-3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0002-9645 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15281652 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3772 | ||
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| Author | Thompson, J.A.; Brown, S.E. 2nd; Riddle, W.T.; Seahorn, J.C.; Cohen, N.D. | ||||
| Title | Use of a Bayesian risk-mapping technique to estimate spatial risks for mare reproductive loss syndrome in Kentucky | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | American Journal of Veterinary Research | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Vet Res |
| Volume | 66 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 17-20 |
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Abortion, Veterinary/*epidemiology; Animals; Bayes Theorem; Female; Geography; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology; Horses; Kentucky/epidemiology; Models, Statistical; Pregnancy; Risk Factors | ||||
| Abstract | OBJECTIVE: To estimate spatial risks associated with mare reproductive loss syndrome (MRLS) during 2001 among horses in a specific study population and partition the herd effects into those attributable to herd location and those that were spatially random and likely attributable to herd management. Animals-Pregnant broodmares from 62 farms in 7 counties in central Kentucky. PROCEDURE: Veterinarians provided the 2001 abortion incidence proportions for each farm included in the study. Farms were georeferenced and data were analyzed by use of a fully Bayesian risk-mapping technique. RESULTS: Large farm-to-farm variation in MRLS incidence proportions was identified. The farm-to-farm variation was largely attributed to spatial location rather than to spatially random herd effects. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicate that there are considerable data to support an ecologic cause and potential ecologic risk factors for MRLS. Veterinary practitioners with more detailed knowledge of the ecology in the 7 counties in Kentucky that were investigated may provide additional data that would assist in the deduction of the causal factor of MRLS via informal geographic information systems analyses and suggest factors for inclusion in further investigations. | ||||
| Address | Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4475, USA. USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0002-9645 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15691030 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2630 | ||
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| Author | Keiper, R.; Houpt, K. | ||||
| Title | Reproduction in feral horses: an eight-year study | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1984 | Publication | American journal of veterinary research | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Vet Res |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 991-995 |
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Abortion, Veterinary/epidemiology; Anestrus; Animal Population Groups/*physiology; Animals; Animals, Wild/*physiology; Birth Rate; Female; Fertility; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses/*physiology; Lactation; Male; Maryland; Pregnancy; *Reproduction; Seasons; Sex Ratio; Virginia | ||||
| Abstract | The reproductive rate and foal survival of the free-ranging ponies on Assateague Island National Seashore were studied for 8 years, 1975 to 1982. Most (52%) of the 86 foals were born in May, 13% were born in April, 22.6% in June, 10.4% in July, and less than 1% in August and September. The mean foaling rate was 57.1 +/- 3.9% and the survival rate was 88.3 +/- 3.6%. Forty-eight colts and 55 fillies were born (sex ratio 53% female). Mares less than 3 years old did not foal and the foaling rate of 3-year-old mares was only 23%, that of 4-year-old mares was 46%, that of 5-year-old mares was 53%, and 6-year-old mares was 69%. The relatively poor reproduction rate was believed to be a consequence of the stress of lactating while carrying a foal when forage quality on the island was low. The hypothesis was supported by the higher reproductive rate (74.4 +/- 2.4%) of the ponies in the Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge on the southern part of the island. Their foals are weaned and sold in July each year. Despite the low reproductive rate on Assateague Island National Seashore , the number of ponies increased from 43 to 80, a 90% increase in the 8-year period or greater than 10%/yr. There were 24 deaths and 8 dispersals from the study area. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0002-9645 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:6732036 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 665 | ||
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| Author | Flauger, B.; Krueger, K.; Gerhards, H.; Möstl, E. | ||||
| Title | Simplified method to measure glucocorticoid metabolites in faeces of horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Veterinary Research Communications | Abbreviated Journal | Vet Res Comm |
| Volume | 34 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 185-195 |
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ACTH challenge; enzyme immunoassay; stress behaviour; cortisol | ||||
| Abstract | Glucocorticoids or their metabolites can be measured in several body fluids or excreta, including plasma, saliva, urine and faeces. In recent years the measurement of glucocorticoid metabolites (GCMs) in faeces has gained increasing attention, because of its suitability for wild populations. In horses, however, the group-specific enzyme immunoassay described so far has a limited racticability due to its complex extraction procedure. Therefore, we tested the applicability of other enzyme immunoassays for glucocorticoid metabolites. The present study clearly proved that an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for 11-oxoetiocholanolone using 11-oxoetiocholanolone-17-CMO: BSA (3α,11-oxo-A EIA) as antigen showed high amounts of immunoreactive substances. Therefore it was possible to use just a small amount of the supernatant of a methanolic suspension of faeces. The results correlated well with the already described method for measuring GCMs in horse faeces, i.e. analysing the samples with an EIA after a two step clean up procedure of the samples (Merl et al. 2000). In addition, the 3α,11-oxo-A EIA has the advantage of providing a bigger difference between baseline values and peak values after ACTH stimulation. The new assay increased the accuracy of the test, lowered the expenses per sample, and storing samples at room temperature after collection was less critical than with other assays investigated in our study. This is a big advantage both in the field of wildlife management of equids and in the field of equestrian sports and it shows the importance of choosing an assay which is in good accordance with the metabolites excreted in a given species. |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5073 | ||
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