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| Author |
Wolff, A.; Hausberger, M. |
| Title |
Behaviour of foals before weaning may have some genetic basis |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
| Volume |
96 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-10 |
Keywords  |
Locomotion; Suckling; Social behavior; Foraging behavior; Exploratory behavior; Interindividual comparison; Young animal; Genetic inheritance; Captivity; Social interaction; Feeding behavior; Perissodactyla; Ungulata; Mammalia; Vertebrata |
| Abstract |
In this preliminary study on foal behaviour, 13 French saddlebred foals (2-3 mo old) and their dams were observed on pasture. The most important findings are the interindividual quantitative differences in foal behaviour patterns as well as in the amount of mainly foal-initiated time spent at given distances from their mares. Interindividual differences seem in part due to a sire effect |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5022 |
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| Author |
Bourjade, M.; Moulinot, M.; Henry, S.; Richard-Yris, M.-A. Hausberger.M |
| Title |
Could Adults be Used to Improve Social Skills of Young Horses, Equus caballus? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
| Volume |
50 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
408-417 |
| Keywords |
horse • social influence • young-adult interaction • social development |
| Abstract |
We investigated the effects of the introduction of foreign adults on the behavior of young horses. First, we observed the behavior of 1- and 2-year-old domestic horses housed in same-age and same-sex groups (a standard housing system, but different from a natural situation). Then, two same-sex adults were introduced into each experimental group. Observations made before, during and after an introduction indicated that young horses reared in homogeneous groups of young had different behaviors compared to other domestic horses reared under more socially natural conditions. After the introduction of adults, young horses expressed new behaviors, preferential social associations emerged, positive social behavior increased and agonistic interactions decreased. These results have important implications both for understanding the influence that adults may have on the behavior of young horses, and in terms of husbandry, indicating the importance of keeping young horses with adults, although further studies are still necessary. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 408-417, 2008. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4800 |
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Briard, L.; Dorn, C.; Petit, O. |
| Title |
Personality and Affinities Play a Key Role in the Organisation of Collective Movements in a Group of Domestic Horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
| Volume |
121 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
888-902 |
| Keywords |
decision-making; equids; hierarchy; leadership; social network |
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Understanding how groups of individuals with different motives come to daily decisions about the exploitation of their environment is a key question in animal behaviour. While interindividual differences are often seen only as a threat to group cohesion, growing evidence shows that they may to some extent facilitate effective collective action. Recent studies suggest that personality differences influence how individuals are attracted to conspecifics and affect their behaviour as an initiator or a follower. However, most of the existing studies are limited to a few taxa, mainly social fish and arthropods. Horses are social herbivores that live in long-lasting groups and show identifiable personality differences between individuals. We studied a group of 38 individuals living in a 30-ha hilly pasture. Over 200 h, we sought to identify how far individual differences such as personality and affinity distribution affect the dynamic of their collective movements. First, we report that individuals distribute their relationships according to similar personality and hierarchical rank. This is the first study that demonstrates a positive assortment between unrelated individuals according to personality in a mammal species. Second, we measured individual propensity to initiate and found that bold individuals initiated more often than shy individuals. However, their success in terms of number of followers and joining duration did not depend on their individual characteristics. Moreover, joining process is influenced by social network, with preferred partners following each other and bolder individuals being located more often at the front of the movement. Our results illustrate the importance of taking into account interindividual behavioural differences in studies of social behaviours. |
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1439-0310 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6153 |
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Seferta, A.; Guay, P.-J.; Marzinotto, E.; Lefebvre, L. |
| Title |
Learning Differences between Feral Pigeons and Zenaida Doves: The Role of Neophobia and Human Proximity |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
| Volume |
107 |
Issue |
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Pages |
281-293 |
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Learning differences predicted from ecological variables can be confounded with differences in wariness of novel stimuli (neophobia). Previous work on feral pigeons (Columba livia), as well as on group-feeding and territorial zenaida doves (Zenaida aurita), reported individual and social learning differences predicted from social foraging mode. In the present study, we show that speed of learning a foraging task covaries with neophobia and latency to feed from a familiar dish in the three types of columbids. Pigeons were much faster than either territorial or group-feeding zenaida doves on all tests conducted in captivity, but showed unexpectedly strong neophobia in some urban flocks during field tests. Human proximity strongly affected performance in group-feeding doves both in the field and in captivity. They were slightly faster at learning than their territorial conspecifics in cage tests. In multiple regressions, species identity, but not social foraging mode, significantly predicted individual variation in learning, as did individual variation in neophobia. Wariness of novel stimuli and species differences associated with artificial selection appear to be more important than foraging mode and wariness of humans in accounting for learning differences between these columbids. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2184 |
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Rendall, D. |
| Title |
Review of Machiavellian Intelligence II: Extensions and Evaluations |
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Journal Article |
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1999 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
| Volume |
105 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
178-182 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3998 |
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Koops, M.A.; Abrahams, M.V. |
| Title |
Assessing the Ideal Free Distribution: Do Guppies Use Aggression as Public Information about Patch Quality? |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
| Volume |
105 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
737-746 |
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Aggression can be costly to foragers, yet some recent research suggests that foragers should use aggression as a cue to patch quality (the attractive aggression hypothesis). If aggression is predictive of patch quality, then the attractive aggression hypothesis predicts that the distribution of foragers should follow the distribution of aggression. If, instead, aggression is repulsive because it is costly, then the distribution of foragers should diverge from the distribution of aggression. We tested the attractive aggression hypothesis using female guppies, Poecilia reticulata, and found that the distribution of foragers followed the distribution of food, but was unaffected by the distribution of aggression. These data do not support the attractive aggression hypothesis, but instead suggest that the distribution of aggression is a consequence of the distribution of foragers, and that aggression is not used as public information about patch quality. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4271 |
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Ceacero, F.; Landete-Castillejos, T.; Garcia, A.J.; Estevez, J.A.; Gallego, L. |
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Kinship Discrimination and Effects on Social Rank and Aggressiveness Levels in Iberian Red Deer Hinds |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
| Volume |
113 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1133-1140 |
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Abstract Kin recognition is a widespread phenomenon that allows individuals to benefit by enhancing their inclusive fitness, and one of its most common forms is reducing aggressiveness towards relatives. We carried out an experiment with Iberian red deer hinds (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) in order to examine kin biases in dominance behaviour and its consequences on social rank. Three enclosed groups (n = 36, 23 and 21, respectively) were monitored during two lactation seasons and social rank hierarchies were assessed by analysing aggressive interactions matrices with Matman 1.1 software. Aggressive interactions between related hinds was significantly smaller than expected (chi2 = 5.02, df = 1, p = 0.025), not only between mother and daughter but also in second and third kinship degrees. Although rates of aggressiveness were similar to data published relating free-ranging C. e. scoticus, aggressive interactions with relatives were significantly smaller (chi2 = 39.0, df = 1, p < 0.001). This reduction of aggressiveness between related hinds was not the result of these hinds having a lower social rank: social rank was only related to age and weight, but not to kinship degree, calf sex or calving date. The decrease of aggressiveness towards first-, second- and third-degree relatives shows a complex kin recognition system in deer. Possible nepotistic roles in lactation include preventing milk thefts by non-kin and disturbing feeding of unrelated hinds. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4311 |
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Pannozzo, P.L.; Phillips, K.A.; Haas, M.E.; Mintz, E.M. |
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Social Monitoring Reflects Dominance Relationships in a Small Captive Group of Brown Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus apella) |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
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113 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
881-888 |
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Abstract In several studies of social monitoring in primates, subordinate animals directed more visual attention toward dominant animals than vice versa. This behavior is thought to enable subordinate animals to avoid conflict. We sought to clarify whether visual attention behavior functions in this manner in a small captive group of brown capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella. We tested the hypothesis that social monitoring is related to dominance status. Dominance status was determined based on the directionality of aggressive behavior, and visual attention was quantified by using focal animal sampling. Subordinate animals directed significantly more visual attention toward others than dominant animals. Subordinate animals also looked more frequently at the animals that attacked them and others the most. The results indicate that social monitoring behavior in this captive group was driven by conflict-avoidance. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4312 |
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Blumstein, D. T.; Barrow, L.; Luterra, M. |
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Olfactory Predator Discrimination in Yellow-Bellied Marmots |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
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114 |
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11 |
Pages |
1135 - 1143 |
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The mechanism underlying olfactory predator identification may be relatively experience-independent, or it may rely on specific experience with predators. A mechanism by which prey might identify novel predators relies on the inevitable creation of sulfurous metabolites that are then excreted in the urine of carnivorous mammals. We tested whether free-living, yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) and mid-sized herbivores that fall prey to a variety of carnivorous mammals could discriminate herbivore (elk-Cervus elephas) urine from predator (red fox-Vulpes vulpes, coyote-Canis latrans, mountain lion-Felis concolor, wolf-Canis lupus) urine, a novel herbivore (moose-Alces alces), and a distilled water control. We further asked how specific this assessment was by testing whether marmots responded differently to predators representing different levels of risk and to familiar vs. unfamiliar predators. We found that marmots responded more to urine from coyotes (a familiar predator on adults), mountain lions (a potentially unfamiliar predator that could kill adults) and wolves (a locally extinct predator that could kill adults) than to elk urine (a non-predator). Red fox (a predator that poses a risk only to recently emerged marmot pups) urine elicited a less substantial (but not significantly so) response than coyote urine. Marmots can identify predators, even novel ones, using olfactory cues, suggesting that experience with a specific predator is not required to identify potential threats. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4641 |
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Majolo, B.; Ventura, R.; Koyama, N. F. |
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A Statistical Modelling Approach to the Occurrence and Timing of Reconciliation in Wild Japanese Macaques |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
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115 |
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2 |
Pages |
152-166 |
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In various social species, animals have been observed to share friendly relationships with some group members and to resolve conflicts through reconciliation, the exchange of affiliative behaviour soon after a conflict that functions to restore the relationship between the former opponents. The valuable relationship hypothesis predicts that reconciliation should be observed more often after conflicts between friends. Friendly relationships can be described by three dimensions (i.e. value, security and compatibility); however, research into the relative importance of these dimensions for the occurrence of reconciliation is sparse. Moreover, reconciliation may depend on factors other than the social relationship between opponents including, for example, their social status or the context of the conflict. Our study aimed at analysing which factors are important determinants of reconciliation and at testing the valuable relationship hypothesis, by analysing the relative effects of relationship value, security and compatibility on the occurrence and timing of reconciliation. We collected data on two troops of wild Japanese macaques living on Yakushima Island, Japan, and selected the best predicting variables of reconciliation using linear mixed models. Our results show that reconciliation occurs more frequently, and earlier, after conflicts between opponents who exchange a higher percentage of grooming. Two additional variables related to relationship security and value were selected in the best models: frequency of aggression and of approaches resulting in tolerated co-feeding. Among the variables not related to relationship quality, distance between opponents at the end of the conflict, kinship, sex of the opponents and context of conflict (i.e. during feeding or social time) were included in our models. Our findings support the valuable relationship hypothesis and, in particular, highlight that the fitness-related benefits of social relationships (i.e. the relationship value) are important determinants of the evolution of friendly relationships and reconciliation. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4745 |
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