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| Author | Howard, R.W.; Blomquist, G.J. | ||||
| Title | Ecological, behavioral, and biochemical aspects of insect hydrocarbons | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Annual Review of Entomology | Abbreviated Journal | Annu Rev Entomol |
| Volume | 50 | Issue  |
Pages | 371-393 | |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Hydrocarbons/*metabolism; Insects/*physiology; Pheromones/*physiology; Reproduction; Species Specificity | ||||
| Abstract | This review covers selected literature from 1982 to the present on some of the ecological, behavioral, and biochemical aspects of hydrocarbon use by insects and other arthropods. Major ecological and behavioral topics are species- and gender-recognition, nestmate recognition, task-specific cues, dominance and fertility cues, chemical mimicry, and primer pheromones. Major biochemical topics include chain length regulation, mechanism of hydrocarbon formation, timing of hydrocarbon synthesis and transport, and biosynthesis of volatile hydrocarbon pheromones of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. In addition, a section is devoted to future research needs in this rapidly growing area of science. | ||||
| Address | USDA-ARS, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA. howardks@ksu.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0066-4170 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15355247 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4650 | ||
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| Author | Beauchamp, G. | ||||
| Title | Individual Differences In Activity And Exploration Influence Leadership In Pairs Of Foraging Zebra Finches | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Behaviour |
| Volume | 137 | Issue |
Pages | 301-314 | |
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| Abstract | This study investigated the role of dominance and level of activity and exploration on leadership in zebra finches (Taenopygia guttata) searching for food. In pairs of zebra finches fairly matched in size and that experienced the same level of food deprivation, the same bird consistently reached first one foraging patch over several trials. The same pattern of arrival to food occurred when resources were provided in two distant patches available concurrently, a situation that would potentially allow subordinates a greater access to resources. In further testing, the formation of new pairs with the same birds led to several changes in leadership, indicating that leadership is not an absolute feature. The member of a pair that proved to be the most active and exploratory during independent, solitary trials became the leader in nearly all pairs tested. The same pattern held true in newly rearranged pairs where individuals often experienced changes in dominance status. Dominance failed to be associated with leadership in all tests. The results suggest that in a relatively egalitarian species, level of activity and exploration may be a stronger predictor of leadership than dominance. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4698 | ||
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| Author | Mandal, M. K.; Bulman-Fleming, M. B.; Tiwari, G. (eds) | ||||
| Title | Side Bias: A Neuropsychological Perspective | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | The beginnings of the idea about a book on “side bias” began in the year 1994 during the senior editor“s research association with late Professor M.P. Bryden and colleagues at the University of Waterloo, Canada. Over many discussions with Professor Bryden, it was clear that the concept of ”side bias" encompasses all aspects of motor behaviour within the context of human (and non-human animal) laterality. The tendency to favour one side or limb over the other is important not only from the perspective of understanding the functional asymmetries of the cerebral hemispheres, but also to an understanding of a myriad of aspects of human behaviour, as the contributions to this volume will attest. By side bias, most people would think of bias in terms of hand preference or performance. The phenomenon of side bias, however, is more general and influences motor behaviour of all kinds, ranging from simple hand movement to complex behaviours like facial expression and attention. Therefore, the concept has been operationalized in terms of bias reflected in the motor expression of paired (such as hands, feet, eyes, or ears) or nonpaired organs (such as the face) as a function of preference, performance or attentional/intentional factors. .... More see: http://www.springerlink.com/content/gr1726/front-matter.pdf |
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| Publisher | Springer | Place of Publication | Netherlands | Editor | Mandal, M. K.; Bulman-Fleming, M. B.; Tiwari, G. |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0-7923-6660-7 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4733 | ||
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| Author | Yulk G. | ||||
| Title | Leadership in organizations. | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | Yulk G. 1998. Leadership in organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Leadership in Organizations focuses on effective leadership in organizations through both theory and practice. This book explains and critiques the major theories and studies that are most relevant and informative and reviews what we know about leadership effectiveness. This combination of theory and practice makes this text a useful resource for practicing managers who are looking for something more than superficial answers to difficult questions about leadership. |
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| Publisher | Prentice-Hall | Place of Publication | Englewood Cliffs, NJ | Editor | |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0138142681 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4806 | ||
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| Author | Maynard Smith, J.; Price, G.R. | ||||
| Title | The Logic of Animal Conflict | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1973 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 246 | Issue |
Pages | 15-18 | |
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| Notes | 10.1038/246015a0 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4844 | ||
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| Author | Parker, G.A.; MacNair, M.R. | ||||
| Title | Models of parent-offspring conflict. I. Monogamy | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1978 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 26 | Issue |
Pages | 97-110 | |
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| Abstract | Theoretical models for Trivers (1974) concept of parent-offspring conflict are examined for species in which the effects of the conflict are felt by full sibs. A rare conflictor gene will spread if Image , whereÆ’(m) is the fitness gained by a conflictor relative to a non-conflictor offspring (Æ’(m) >1), and m is the amount of parental investment taken by a conflictor relative to m = 1 for a non-conflictor. The range of m alleles which can spread against the parent optimum decreases as the cost to the parent increases until a point is reached where there is no conflict of evolutionary interests. There would be no polymorphism for conflictor: non-conflictor alleles unless special conditions prevail. The conflictor allele which spreads most rapidly as a rare mutant against the parental optimum is not an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS). The ESS for parent-offspring conflict in monogamous species has m0 = Æ’(m0)/2[dÆ’(m0)/dm0]. The analytical solutions are confirmed throughout by simulations. | ||||
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| Notes | 10.1016/0003-3472(78)90009-X | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4901 | ||
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| Author | Leonard, M.L.; Horn, A.G.; Eden, S.F. | ||||
| Title | Parent-offspring aggression in moorhens | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1988 | Publication | Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 23 | Issue |
Pages | 265-270 | |
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| Abstract | The purpose of this study was to explain parental aggression to offspring in the moorhen (Gallinula chloropus). Males and females did not feed different subsets of chicks. In addition, there was a positive correlation between feeding rates of each parent to a particular chick and the number of attacks (tousles) directed to that chick, contrary to what was expected if aggression served to divide the brood. In moorhens, large chicks outcompeted small chicks for parental feedings. However, adults were more aggressive to large chicks and as a result small chicks spent significantly more time closer to parents and received more feedings than large chicks. In 84% of broods every chick was attacked at least once, although large chicks were attacked more often than small chicks. The behaviour of chicks changed immediately after an attack (Table 2). Before an attack chicks were <1 m from the parents while after an attack they were >1 m. The apparent effect of parental aggression in moorhens is to reduce demands by chicks for feedings. Aggression appears to reduce sibling competition and to encourage chick independence. | ||||
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| Notes | 10.1007/Bf00302949 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4905 | ||
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| Author | Rands, S.A.; Cowlishaw, G.; Pettifor, R.A.; Rowcliffe, J.M.; Johnstone, R.A. | ||||
| Title | The emergence of leaders and followers in foraging pairs when the qualities of individuals differ | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | BMC Evolutionary Biology | Abbreviated Journal | BMC Evol Biol |
| Volume | 8 | Issue |
Pages | 51 | |
| Keywords | Animals; *Feeding Behavior; *Food Chain; *Models, Biological; *Social Dominance | ||||
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Foraging in groups offers animals a number of advantages, such as increasing their likelihood of finding food or detecting and avoiding predators. In order for a group to remain together, there has to be some degree of coordination of behaviour and movement between its members (which may in some cases be initiated by a decision-making leader, and in other cases may emerge as an underlying property of the group). For example, behavioural synchronisation is a phenomenon where animals within a group initiate and then continue to conduct identical behaviours, and has been characterised for a wide range of species. We examine how a pair of animals should behave using a state-dependent approach, and ask what conditions are likely to lead to behavioural synchronisation occurring, and whether one of the individuals is more likely to act as a leader. RESULTS: The model we describe considers how the energetic gain, metabolic requirements and predation risks faced by the individuals affect measures of their energetic state and behaviour (such as the degree of behavioural synchronisation seen within the pair, and the value to an individual of knowing the energetic state of its colleague). We explore how predictable changes in these measures are in response to changes in physiological requirements and predation risk. We also consider how these measures should change when the members of the pair are not identical in their metabolic requirements or their susceptibility to predation. We find that many of the changes seen in these measures are complex, especially when asymmetries exist between the members of the pair. CONCLUSION: Analyses are presented that demonstrate that, although these general patterns are robust, care needs to be taken when considering the effects of individual differences, as the relationship between individual differences and the resulting qualitative changes in behaviour may be complex. We discuss how these results are related to experimental observations, and how the model and its predictions could be extended. | ||||
| Address | Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. sean.rands@bristol.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1471-2148 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:18282297 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5126 | ||
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| Author | Camazine, S.; Deneubourg, J.L.; Franks, N.R.; Sneyd, J.; Theraula, G.; Bonabeau, E. | ||||
| Title | Self-Organization in Biological Systems | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Publisher | Princeton University Press | Place of Publication | Princeton | Editor | |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0691116242 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5143 | ||
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| Author | Smith, L.A.; Wells, K.L.; Marion, G.; Swain, D.L.; Hutchings, M.R. | ||||
| Title | Effects of group composition on the grazing behaviour of herbivores | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. | |
| Volume | In Press, Corrected Proof | Issue |
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| Keywords | grazing; group composition; herbivore; individual behaviour; physiological state | ||||
| Abstract | Animal behaviour is often a function of the animal's physiological state. Groups of animals will often contain individuals with a range of physiological states and the grazing behaviour of herbivores is affected by their physiological state. This study compared the grazing decisions of animals in groups of single and mixed physiological states. Using a grazing model that simulated individual herbivore behaviour in relation to environmental distributions of forage resource (grass) and parasites (faeces), we tested the hypothesis that an animal's level of parasite exposure via the faecal-oral route is affected by the composition of physiological states in the group. Four physiological states were considered: parasite-naïve, parasitized, lactating and parasite-immune animals. Baseline parasite exposure levels for each state were generated by simulating single-state groups and were compared to simulations of each of the six two-state combinations. In single-state groups parasitized animals had the least and lactating animals had the greatest levels of parasite exposure. When co-grazing with lactating animals, parasitized, immune and naïve animals increased their parasite exposure, relative to single-state groups. When co-grazing with parasitized animals, lactating, immune and naïve animals reduced their parasite exposure, relative to single-state groups. There was no difference in parasite exposure of the immune or naïve animals co-grazing together when compared to the single-state groups. These results highlight the need to recognize the impact of the individual when studying group-living animals. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5155 | ||
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