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Author Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Parker, G.A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Sexual coercion in animal societies Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 49 Issue (down) 5 Pages 1345-1365  
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  Abstract In a wide range of animal species, males coerce females to mate with them, either by physically forcing them to mate, by harassing them until they mate or by punishing persistent refusal to mate. The first section of this paper argues that the possibility of forced copulation can generate arms races between males and females that may have substantial costs to both sexes. In the second section, it is suggested that sexual harassment commonly represents a `war of attrition' between the sexes; existing game theory models that may apply to sexual conflict over mating decisions are reviewed. The third section develops a simple prospective model for the evolution of intimidation by punishment in situations where males can raise the probability that females will accept their advances in future by punishing them for refusal to mate. Where the benefits of sexual coercion to males are high, all three male strategies may develop to a point where they have substantial costs to females. In the final section, evidence that female behaviour is adapted to minimizing these costs is reviewed.  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 757  
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Author Janson, C.H. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Social correlates of individual spatial choice in foraging groups of brown capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella Type Journal Article
  Year 1990 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 40 Issue (down) 5 Pages 910-921  
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  Abstract Individuals in a foraging group of wild bronwn capuchin monkeys choose different spatial positions relative to the rest of the group. Markov analysis of sequencess of individual spatial positions demonstrated significant differnces between individuals, which coul be categorized a posteriori into four homogenous subgroups. An individual's spatial position was related primarily to the amount of aggression it received from the group's dominant male, but also varied with its sex. Spatial choice varied with changes in an individual's social status, but did not vary consistently with seasonal differences in food availability. These results support the hypothesis that individuals compete for preferred spatial positions within a foraging group.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 773  
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Author Janson, C.H. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Ecological consequences of individual spatial choice in foraging groups of brown capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella Type Journal Article
  Year 1990 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 40 Issue (down) 5 Pages 922-934  
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  Abstract Individuals in a foraging group of brown capuchin monkeys choose different spatial positions relative to the rest of the group. An individual's choice of spatial positiion affects its foraging success and perceived predation risk (as measured by vigilance behaviour). The two most dominant group members preferred to forage where their expected forwaging success was greatest. Juveniles chose to forage where their perceived predation risk was least, not where they would achieve the highest foraging success. The positions used by non-dominant adults neither maximized foraging success nor minimized predation risk. It is likely that subordinate adults accept spatial positions with suboptimal ecological consequences to avoid the costs of frequent confrontations with the dominant members of the group over foraging sites in poreferred positions.  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 774  
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Author Crockford, C.; Wittig, R.M.; Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. doi  openurl
  Title Baboons eavesdrop to deduce mating opportunities Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 73 Issue (down) 5 Pages 885-890  
  Keywords baboon; cognition; eavesdropping; extrapair copulation; mate guarding; Papio hamadryas ursinus; primate; social intelligence; third-party relationships; transient relationships  
  Abstract Many animals appear to monitor changes in other individuals' dominance ranks and social relationships and to track changes in them. However, it is not known whether they also track changes in very transient relationships. Rapid recognition of a temporary separation between a dominant male and a sexually receptive female, for example, should be adaptive in species where subordinate males use opportunistic strategies to achieve mating success. Dominant male baboons (Papio hamadryas ursinus) form sexual consortships with oestrous females that are characterized by mate guarding and close proximity. To assess whether subordinate males track temporary changes in the status of other males' consortships, we conducted playback experiments using a two-speaker paradigm. In the test condition, subjects heard the consort male's grunts played from one speaker and his consort female's copulation call played from a speaker approximately 40 m away. This sequence suggested that the male and female had temporarily separated and that the female was mating with another male. In a control trial, subjects heard another dominant male's grunts played from one speaker and the female's copulation call played from the other. In a second control trial, conducted within 24 h after the consortship had ended, subjects again heard the consort male's grunt and the female's copulation call played from separate speakers. As predicted, subjects responded strongly only in the test condition. Eavesdropping upon the temporal and spatial juxtaposition of other individuals' vocalizations may be one strategy by which male baboons achieve sneaky matings.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 816  
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Author Hemelrijk, C.K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Towards the integration of social dominance and spatial structure Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 59 Issue (down) 5 Pages 1035-1048  
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  Abstract My aim was to show how individual-oriented (or artificial life) models may provide an integrative background for the development of theories about dominance by including effects of spatial structure. Dominance interactions are thought to serve two different, contrasting functions: acquisition of high rank and reduction of aggression. The model I present consists of a homogeneous virtual world inhabited by artificial agents whose actions are restricted to grouping and dominance interactions in which the effects of winning and losing are self-reinforcing. The two functions are implemented as strategies to initiate dominance interactions and the intensity of aggression and dominance perception (direct or memory based) are varied experimentally. Behaviour is studied by recording the same behavioural units as in real animals. Ranks appear to differentiate more clearly at high than at low intensity of aggression and also more in the case of direct than of memory-based rank perception. Strong differentiation of rank produces a cascade of unexpected effects that differ depending on which function is implemented: for instance, a decline in aggression, spatial centrality of dominants and a correlation between rank and aggression. Insight into the origination of these self-organized patterns leads to new hypotheses for the study of the social behaviour of real animals.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 863  
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Author Feh, C, doi  openurl
  Title Long-term paternity data in relation to different aspects of rank for Camargue stallions, Equus caballus Type Journal Article
  Year 1990 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 40 Issue (down) 5 Pages 995-996  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 1081  
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Author Rutberg, A. T. doi  openurl
  Title Inter-group transfer in assateague pony mares Type Journal Article
  Year 1990 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 40 Issue (down) 5 Pages 945-952  
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  Abstract Between-previous termgroup transfernext term of adult female previous termponies,next term Equus caballus, was investigated for three consecutive summers on previous Assateaguenext Island, Maryland, U.S.A. Both the previous terminternext term-band movements of individual previous termmares and the marenext term turnover rates of one-male “harem” bands were examined. Long-term previous termtransfersnext term occurred at rates ranging from 0·06 to 0·18 per previous termmarenext term per month. previous termMaresnext term with foals transferred more frequently than previous termmaresnext term without foals, but neither female age, pregnancy, nearest-neighbour distances nor dominance rank affected the likelihood of transferring. Band turnover rates were uncorrelated with the average frequency of previous termmare-marenext term aggression within the band, but new previous termmaresnext term entering a band suffered a transient rise in aggression received. Thus, female aggression did not encourage, and may have discouraged, previous terminternext term-band previous termtransfers.next term Older stallions and stallions who had held bands for 2 years or more had significantly larger and more stable bands. Fewer previous termmarenext term turnovers were seen in bands whose stallions tended to face their previous termmares,next term showed a relatively high proportion of time feeding, and showed a relatively low proportion of time involved in aggression with other stallions, although at marginal levels of significance for all three variables. Thus, variability in stallion attributes, and possibly behaviour, probably plays the strongest role in determining previous termmare transfernext term patterns at previous termAssateague.next term  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 1535  
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Author Witte, K.; Ryan, M.J. url  openurl
  Title Mate choice copying in the sailfin molly, Poecilia latipinna, in the wild Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 63 Issue (down) 5 Pages 943-949  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1809  
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Author Fischhoff, I.R.; Sundaresan, S.R.; Cordingley, J.; Larkin, H.M.; Sellier, M.-J.; Rubenstein, D.I. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Social relationships and reproductive state influence leadership roles in movements of plains zebra, Equus burchellii Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 73 Issue (down) 5 Pages 825-831  
  Keywords collective movements; drinking; equid; Equus burchellii; foraging; group dynamics; motivation; plains zebra; reproductive status; social relationships  
  Abstract In animal groups, collective movements emerge from individual interactions. Biologists seek to identify how characteristics of actors in these groups, and their relationships, influence the decision-making process. We distinguished two basic factors determining leadership in group choices: identity and state. We hypothesized that identity is more important to leadership in groups with stable relationships, which permit the development of habitual roles. In groups with fluid membership, particular individuals or subgroups are less likely to emerge as consistent leaders. Instead, we predicted that movement initiation in unstable groups depends on individual state at the time of the decision. We characterized how identity and reproductive state influenced leadership patterns in the movements of plains zebra. As in many other mammals, lactation in this species significantly alters water and energy needs. We investigated leadership in tightly knit harems and loosely bonded herds of multiple harems. Harem females tended to have habitual roles in the initiation of harem movement. In herds, however, we found no consistent leaders among harems. At both levels of social organization, lactation was a key determinant of leadership. In harems, lactating females were more likely to initiate movement than nonlactating females. In turn, harems containing lactating females were more likely to lead herd movements. Thus, we conclude that social relationships and reproductive state together shape the interactions that produce group behaviours. One benefit to lactating females of leading herd movements is preferential access to scarce water. Thus, leadership roles in group decisions may have fitness consequences.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.092 Serial 1825  
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Author Brunner, D.; Kacelnik, A.; Gibbon, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Memory for inter-reinforcement interval variability and patch departure decisions in the starling,Sturnus vulgaris Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 51 Issue (down) 5 Pages 1025-1045  
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  Abstract An experiment with starlings was conducted to investigate the effect of variability in inter-reinforcement intervals on foraging decisions. The experimental design simulated an environment in which food was distributed in patches. Patches contained zero to four food items which could be collected by pecking at a key. All patches ended with sudden depletion. The time elapsed since the last reinforcement was the only way to detect the depletion of the patch. Once a patch was depleted, a new patch could be reached by completion of a travel requirement of 20 flights between two perches. Key pecks within a patch and the time of the last response in a patch (giving-in time) were recorded. The level of variability in the inter-reinforcement intervals was varied between different conditions. An increase in inter-reinforcement interval variability resulted in a flattening of response rate functions and giving-in time distributions, and in more asymmetry of the response functions, but not of the giving-in time distributions. Two theoretical models of decision making are presented, which differ in the assumptions about memory constraints. In one case, all inter-reinforcement intervals are remembered but in the other, only the intervals with extreme values are remembered. Both models accommodate response rates as a function of trial time, but only the second is compatible with the observed departure decision. Our results are compatible with net rate maximization.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2109  
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