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Author Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L.
Title The Structure of Social Knowledge in Monkeys Type Book Chapter
Year 2003 Publication Animal Social Complexity: Intelligence, Culture, and Individualized Societies Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue (up) Pages
Keywords
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Harvard University Press Place of Publication Cambridge, Massachusetts Editor F. B. M. de Waal; P. L. Tyack
Language English Summary Language Original Title Animal Social Complexity: Intelligence, Culture, and Individualized Societies
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN 978-0674009295 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 464
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Author Nicol, C.J
Title Equine Stereotypies. In: Houpt K.A. (Ed.), Type Book Chapter
Year 2000 Publication Recent Advances in Companion Animal Behavior Problems Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue (up) Pages
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Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher International Veterinary Information Service Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 477
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Author Cheney, D. l .; Seyfarth, R. M.
Title Social complexity and the information acquired during eavesdropping by primates and other animals Type Book Chapter
Year 2004 Publication Animal Communication networks Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue (up) Pages
Keywords
Abstract In many of the studies reviewed in this book, eavesdropping takes the

following form: a subject has the opportunity to monitor, or eavesdrop upon, an

interaction between two other animals,Aand B. The subject then uses the information

obtained through these observations to assess A`s and B`s relative dominance

or attractiveness as a mate (e.g. Mennill et al., 2002; Ch. 2). For example, Oliveira

et al. (1998) found that male fighting fish Betta splendens that had witnessed two

other males involved in an aggressive interaction subsequently responded more

strongly to the loser of that interaction than the winner. Subjects-behaviour could

not have been influenced by any inherent differences between the two males, because

subjects responded equally strongly to the winner and the loser of competitive

interactions they had not observed. Similarly, Peake et al. (2001) presented

male great tits Parus major with the opportunity to monitor an apparent competitive

interaction between two strangers by simulating a singing contest using two

loudspeakers. The relative timing of the singing bouts (as measured by the degree

of overlap between the two songs) provided information about each “contestants”

relative status. Following the singing interaction, one of the “contestants” was

introduced into the male`s territory. Males responded significantly less strongly

to singers that had apparently just “lost” the interaction (see also McGregor &

Dabelsteen, 1996; Naguib et al., 1999; Ch. 2).

What information does an individual acquire when it eavesdrops on others?

In theory, an eavesdropper could acquire information of many different sorts:

about A, about B, about the relationship between A and B, or about the place of

Animal Communication Networks, ed. Peter K. McGregor. Published by Cambridge University Press.

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Cambridge University Press 2005.

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584 D. L. Cheney & R. M. Seyfarth

A`s and B`s relationship in a larger social framework. The exact information acquired

will probably reflect the particular species social structure. For example,

songbirds like great tits live in communities in which six or seven neighbours

surround each territory-holding male. Males appear to benefit from the knowledge

that certain individuals occupy specific areas (e.g. Brooks & Falls, 1975), that

competitive interactions between two different neighbours have particular outcomes,

and that these outcomes are stable over time. We would, therefore, expect

an eavesdropping great tit not only to learn that neighbour A was dominant to

neighbour B, for example, but also to form the expectation that A was likely to

defeat B in all future encounters. More speculatively, because the outcome of territorial

interactions are often site specific (reviewed by Bradbury & Vehrencamp,

1998), we would expect eavesdropping tits to learn further that A dominates B

in some areas but B dominates A in others. In contrast, the information gained

from monitoring neighbours interactions would unlikely be sufficient to allow

the eavesdropper to rank all of its neighbours in a linear dominance hierarchy,

because not all neighbouring males would come into contact with one another.

Such information would be difficult if not impossible to acquire; it might also be

of little functional value.

In contrast, species that live in large, permanent social groups have a much

greater opportunity to monitor the social interactions of many different individuals

simultaneously. Monkey species such as baboons Papio cynocephalus, for

example, typically live in groups of 80 or more individuals, which include several

matrilineal families arranged in a stable, linear dominance rank order (Silk et al.,

1999). Offspring assume ranks similar to those of their mothers, and females maintain

close bonds with their matrilineal kin throughout their lives. Cutting across

these stable long-term relationships based on rank and kinship are more transient

bonds: for example, the temporary associations formed between unrelated

females whose infants are of similar ages, and the “friendships” formed between

adult males and lactating females as an apparent adaptation against infanticide

(Palombit et al., 1997, 2001). In order to compete successfully within such groups, it

would seem advantageous for individuals to recognize who outranks whom, who

is closely bonded to whom, and who is likely to be allied to whom (Harcourt, 1988,

1992; Cheney & Seyfarth, 1990; see below). The ability to adopt a third party`s perspective

and discriminate among the social relationships that exist among others

would seem to be of great selective benefit.

In this chapter, we review evidence for eavesdropping in selected primate

species and we consider what sort of information is acquired when one individual

observes or listens in on the interactions of others. We then compare eavesdropping

by primates with eavesdropping in other animal species, focusing on both

potential differences and directions for further research
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Cambridge University Press Place of Publication Cambridge, Massachusetts Editor McGregor, P.K.
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 495
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Author Mendl M, Held Z.
Title Living in gourps: Evolutionary Perspective Type Book Chapter
Year Publication Social Behavior in Farm Animals Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue (up) Pages
Keywords
Abstract An understanding of social behavior is increasingly necessary in farm animal husbandry as more animals are housed in groups rather than in individual stalls or pens. There may be economic or welfare reasons for such housing. This book is the first to specifically address this important subject. The chapters fall into three broad subject areas: concepts in social behavior; species specific chapters; current issues. Authors include leading experts from Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN 9780851993973 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 512
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Author Feh, C.
Title Alliances between stallions are more than just multimale groups: reply to Linklater & Cameron (2000) Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 61 Issue (up) Pages F27-F30
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Abstract
Address
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 513
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Author WAYNE L. LINKLATER & ELISSA Z. CAMERON
Title Distinguishing cooperation from cohabitation: the feral horse case Type Journal Article
Year 2000 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 59 Issue (up) Pages F17-F21
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Abstract
Address
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 514
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Author Allen, C.
Title Transitive inference in animals: Reasoning or conditioned associations? Type Book Chapter
Year 2006 Publication Rational Animals? Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue (up) Pages 175-186
Keywords
Abstract It is widely accepted that many species of nonhuman animals appear to engage in transitive inference,

producing appropriate responses to novel pairings of non-adjacent members of an ordered series

without previous experience of these pairings. Some researchers have taken this capability as

providing direct evidence that these animals reason. Others resist such declarations, favouring instead

explanations in terms of associative conditioning. Associative accounts of transitive inference have

been refined in application to a simple 5-element learning task that is the main paradigm for

laboratory investigations of the phenomenon, but it remains unclear how well those accounts

generalise to more information-rich environments such as social hierarchies which may contain scores

of individuals, and where rapid learning is important. The case of transitive inference is an example of

a more general dispute between proponents of associative accounts and advocates of more cognitive

accounts of animal behaviour. Examination of the specific details of transitive inference suggests

some lessons for the wider debate.
Address Texas A&M University
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor Hurley, S.; Nudds, M.
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN 978-0-19-852827-2 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 611
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Author Bannikov, A.G.
Title The Asiatic Wild Ass: neglected relative of the horse Type Journal Article
Year 1971 Publication Animals Abbreviated Journal Animals
Volume 13 Issue (up) Pages 580-585
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Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Englisch Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 756
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Author Bökönyi, S.
Title Horse Type Book Chapter
Year 1984 Publication Evolution of domesticated animals Abbreviated Journal
Volume 18 Issue (up) Pages 162-173
Keywords
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher John Wiley & Sons Place of Publication Hoboken, NJ Editor Manson
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Product Details * Hardcover * Publisher: John Wiley & Sons (May 1986) * ISBN-10: 047020 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 949
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Author HAFEZ, E.S.E.; WILLIAMS, M.; WIERZBOWSKI, S.
Title The Behaviour of Horses. Type Book Whole
Year 1962 Publication In: Hafez. ESE: The Behaviour of Domestic Animals London Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue (up) Pages 370-396
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 1156
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