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| Author | Billat, L.V. | ||||
| Title | Interval Training for Performance: A Scientific and Empirical Practice: Special Recommendations for Middle- and Long-Distance Running. Part I: Aerobic Interval Training | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Sports Medicine | Abbreviated Journal | Sports Med |
| Volume | 31 | Issue  |
1 | Pages | 13-31 |
| Keywords | Aerobic exercise; Exercise performance; Training | ||||
| Abstract | This article traces the history of scientific and empirical interval training. Scientific research has shed some light on the choice of intensity, work duration and rest periods in so-called 'interval training'. Interval training involves repeated short to long bouts of rather high intensity exercise (equal or superior to maximal lactate steady-state velocity) interspersed with recovery periods (light exercise or rest). Interval training was first described by Reindell and Roskamm and was popularised in the 1950s by the Olympic champion, Emil Zatopek. Since then middle- and long- distance runners have used this technique to train at velocities close to their own specific competition velocity. In fact, trainers have used specific velocities from 800 to 5000m to calibrate interval training without taking into account physiological markers. However, outside of the competition season it seems better to refer to the velocities associated with particular physiological responses in the range from maximal lactate steady state to the absolute maximal velocity. The range of velocities used in a race must be taken into consideration, since even world records are not run at a constant pace. Copyright 2001 Adis International | ||||
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| ISSN | 0112-1642 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ 00007256-200131010-00002 | Serial | 5002 | ||
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| Author | Tomasello, M.; Call, J | ||||
| Title | Books Received | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 61 | Issue |
1 | Pages | 269-270 |
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| Abstract | The Alex Studies: Cognitive and Communicative Abilities of Grey Parrots. By I. M. PEPPERBERG. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press (1999). |
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5446 | ||
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| Author | Munksgaard, L.; DePassillé, A.M.; Rushen, J.; Herskin, M.S.; Kristensen, A.M. | ||||
| Title | Dairy cows' fear of people: social learning, milk yield and behaviour at milking | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 73 | Issue |
1 | Pages | 15-26 |
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| Abstract | We examined the effects of the presence of an unfamiliar, a gentle or an aversive handler during milking on behaviour and milk yield, and whether cows can learn to approach or avoid a handler by observing the neighbouring cow?s responses. In Experiment 1, Danish Friesian cows (n=16) were treated gently (offering hay and concentrates) by one handler and aversively (hit every 15s on the head with the hand) by another handler for six periods of 2min each. The two handlers wore different coloured overalls, and each cow received either gentle or aversive treatment in the first week and the other treatment the following week. All cows kept a longer distance to the aversive than to the gentle handler in a 1min test after treatment. Milk yield and residual milk did not differ when the aversive or the gentle handler was standing in front of the cow during milking, although the cows moved their legs and tail less when the aversive handler was present. When an unfamiliar person was standing in front of the cows during milking, behaviour and milk yield did not differ from control milkings. Cows and heifers (n=10) that had observed their neighbours receiving gentle treatment by one handler and aversive treatment from another handler did not differ in the distance they kept from these two handlers. In Experiment 2, cows (n=15) that had observed the neighbours receiving a gentle treatment (eight times for 2min) kept a shorter distance to that handler after treatment of their neighbours, and the distance they kept was correlated with the distance kept by the neighbouring cows. This suggests that responses of observer cows may be affected by the responses of the cows being treated. The cows rapidly learned to avoid an aversive handler, but although the cows showed clear avoidance response to the aversive handler there was no effect on milk yield when the aversive handler was present at milking. | ||||
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| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | doi: 10.1016/S0168-1591(01)00119-8 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6039 | ||
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| Author | Nyman, S.; Dahlborn, K. | ||||
| Title | Effect of water supply method and flow rate on drinking behavior and fluid balance in horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Physiology & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Physiol. Behav. |
| Volume | 73 | Issue |
1-2 | Pages | 1-8 |
| Keywords | Animals; Choice Behavior/physiology; Drinking Behavior/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Male; Thirst/physiology; *Water Supply; Water-Electrolyte Balance/*physiology | ||||
| Abstract | This study investigated three methods of water supply on drinking preference and behavior in six Standardbred geldings (2-9 years, 505+/-9 kg). The water sources were buckets (B), pressure valve (PV), and float valve (FV) bowls. In an initial drinking preference test, PV was tested at three flow rates: 3, 8, and 16 l/min (PV3, PV8, and PV16), and FV at 3 l/min (FV3). Water intake was measured in l and presented as the percentage of the total daily water intake from each of two simultaneously presented alternatives. The intake from PV8 was greater than from both PV3 (72+/-11% vs. 28+/-11%) and PV16 (90+/-4% vs. 10+/-4%). All horses showed a strong preference for B, 98+/-1% of the intake compared to 2+/-1% from PV8. Individual variation in the data gave no significant difference in preference between the two automatic bowls. In the second part of the study, drinking behavior and fluid balance were investigated when the horses drank from FV3, PV8, and B for 7 consecutive days in a changeover design. Despite a tendency for an increase in total daily drinking time from FV3, the daily water intake was significantly lower (43+/-3 ml/kg) than from PV8 (54+/-2 ml/kg) and B (58+/-3 ml/kg). Daily net water gain [intake-(fecal+urinary output)] was only 0.5+/-3 ml/kg with FV3, resulting in a negative fluid balance if insensible losses are included. These results show that the water supply method can affect both drinking behavior and fluid balance in the horse. | ||||
| Address | Department of Animal Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7045, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. sara.nyman@djfys.slu.se | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0031-9384 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11399288 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 1919 | ||
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| Author | Harris, L.J.; Almerigi, J.B.; Carbary, T.J.; Fogel, T.G. | ||||
| Title | Left-side infant holding: A test of the hemispheric arousal -attentional hypothesis | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Brain and Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 46 | Issue |
1-2 | Pages | 159-165 |
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| Abstract | When asked to hold a young infant in their arms, most adults hold on the left side (Harris, 1997). In a prior study, we found the same bias when we asked adults merely to imagine holding an infant in their arms (Harris, Almerigi, & Kirsch, 1999). It has been hypothesized that the left-side bias is the product of right-hemisphere arousal accompanying certain aspects of the act, causing attention to be driven to the contralateral, or left, side of personal space. Left-side holding, whether actual or imagined, thus would be consistent with the direction to which the holder's attention has been endogenously directed. We tested this hypothesis by giving 250 college students the “imagine-holding” task and then, as an independent measure of lateralized hemispheric arousal, a 34-item Chimeric Faces Test (CFT). On the “imagine” test, a significant majority reported a left-side hold, and, on the CFT, left-side holders had a significantly stronger left-hemispace bias than right-side holders, although both left- and right- side holders had left-hemispace CFT biases. The results thus support the attentional-arousal hypothesis but indicate that other factors are contributing as well. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0278-2626 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5344 | ||
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| Author | Zentall, T.R. | ||||
| Title | The case for a cognitive approach to animal learning and behavior | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Behavioral Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav Processes |
| Volume | 54 | Issue |
1-3 | Pages | 65-78 |
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| Abstract | The dangers of hypothesizing about unobservable cognitive mechanisms are well known to behavior analysts. I propose, however, that carefully fashioned cognitive theories that make predictions that are inconsistent with current behavioral theories can provide useful research tools for the understanding of behavior. Furthermore, even if the results of such research may be accommodated by modifying existing behavioral theories, our understanding of behavior is often advanced by the empirical findings because it is unlikely that the research would have been conducted in the absence of such cognitive hypothesizing. Two examples of the development of emergent relations are described: The first deals with the nature of a pigeon's 'representation' of two stimuli both of which are associated with correct responding to a third in a many-to-one matching task (stimulus equivalence or common representations). The second has to do with transitive inference, the emergent relation between two stimuli mediated by their relation to a common stimulus in a simultaneous discrimination. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 40506-0044, Lexington, KY, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0376-6357 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:11369461 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 25 | |||
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| Author | Timney, B.; Macuda, T. | ||||
| Title | Vision and hearing in horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association | Abbreviated Journal | J Am Vet Med Assoc |
| Volume | 218 | Issue |
10 | Pages | 1567-1574 |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029 | Serial | 2278 | ||
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| Author | Reiss, D.; Marino, L. | ||||
| Title | Mirror self-recognition in the bottlenose dolphin: a case of cognitive convergence | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
| Volume | 98 | Issue |
10 | Pages | 5937-5942 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Cognition; Dolphins/*physiology; *Visual Perception | ||||
| Abstract | The ability to recognize oneself in a mirror is an exceedingly rare capacity in the animal kingdom. To date, only humans and great apes have shown convincing evidence of mirror self-recognition. Two dolphins were exposed to reflective surfaces, and both demonstrated responses consistent with the use of the mirror to investigate marked parts of the body. This ability to use a mirror to inspect parts of the body is a striking example of evolutionary convergence with great apes and humans. | ||||
| Address | Osborn Laboratories of Marine Sciences, New York Aquarium, Wildlife Conservation Society, Brooklyn, NY 11224, USA. dlr28@columbia.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0027-8424 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11331768 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2822 | ||
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| Author | Maestripieri, D. | ||||
| Title | Comparing cognition in animals, and researchers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Trends Cogn Sci | |
| Volume | 5 | Issue |
10 | Pages | 452-453 |
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| Address | Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, 5730 S. Woodlawn Avenue, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1364-6613 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11707385 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2853 | ||
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| Author | Bolhuis, J.J.; Macphail, E.M. | ||||
| Title | A critique of the neuroecology of learning and memory | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Trends in Cognitive Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Trends. Cognit. Sci. |
| Volume | 5 | Issue |
10 | Pages | 426-433 |
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| Abstract | Recent years have seen the emergence of neuroecology, the study of the neural mechanisms of behaviour guided by functional and evolutionary principles. This research has been of enormous value for our understanding of the evolution of brain- and species-specific behaviour. However, we question the validity of the neuroecological approach when applied to the analysis of learning and memory, given its arbitrary assumption that different [`]problems' engage different memory mechanisms. Differences in memory-based performance in [`]natural' tasks do not prove differences in memory capacity; similarly, differences in the use of memory in the natural environment do not provide a sound basis for expecting differences in anatomical structures that subserve learning and memory. This critique is illustrated with examples taken from the study of the neurobiology of food storing and song learning in birds. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1364-6613 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4742 | ||
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