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Author Puppe, B.
Title [Social dominance and rank relationships in domestic pigs: a critical review] Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift Abbreviated Journal Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr
Volume 109 Issue (up) 11-12 Pages 457-464
Keywords Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Female; Male; Models, Psychological; *Social Behavior; *Social Dominance; Swine/*psychology
Abstract Viewing dominance as an attribute of repeated agonistic interactions between two individuals, the present paper reviews theoretical approaches towards concepts of dominance, methods of measurement, and basic principles and problems connected with social dominance in domestic pigs. Domestic pigs are able to establish social organization structures during all stages of their ontogeny. According to definition, dominance relationships occur when a consistent asymmetry of the result of dyadic agonistic interactions can be assessed. This must not necessarily be connected immediately with a better availability of resources, or a high stability of existing dominance relationships, or a functional definition of dominance. When sociometric characteristics are calculated, it seems to be appropriate to use them for different levels of a biological system (individual, individual pair, group). Investigations of social behaviour and dominance in farm animals should take into account that mechanisms of social behaviour in confined environments are often carried out in parts only. Connections of the dominance concept with other concepts of behavioural regulation should be theoretically considered and further investigated by experimental studies.
Address Forschungsbereich Physiologische Grundlagen der Tierhaltung des Forschungsinstituts fur die Biologie landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere Dummerstorf-Rostock
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language German Summary Language Original Title Soziale Dominanz- und Rangbeziehungen beim Hausschwein: eine kritische Ubersicht
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0005-9366 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:8999780 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2861
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Author Ballew, R.M.; Sabelko, J.; Gruebele, M.
Title Direct observation of fast protein folding: the initial collapse of apomyoglobin Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Abbreviated Journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
Volume 93 Issue (up) 12 Pages 5759-5764
Keywords Animals; Apoproteins/*chemistry; Circular Dichroism; Horses; Kinetics; Muscle, Skeletal/chemistry; Myoglobin/*chemistry; *Protein Folding; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Temperature
Abstract The rapid refolding dynamics of apomyoglobin are followed by a new temperature-jump fluorescence technique on a 15-ns to 0.5-ms time scale in vitro. The apparatus measures the protein-folding history in a single sweep in standard aqueous buffers. The earliest steps during folding to a compact state are observed and are complete in under 20 micros. Experiments on mutants and consideration of steady-state CD and fluorescence spectra indicate that the observed microsecond phase monitors assembly of an A x (H x G) helix subunit. Measurements at different viscosities indicate diffusive behavior even at low viscosities, in agreement with motions of a solvent-exposed protein during the initial collapse.
Address School of Chemical Sciences and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0027-8424 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:8650166 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3798
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Author Barton, R.A.
Title Neocortex size and behavioural ecology in primates Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Proceedings of the Royal Society B Abbreviated Journal Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B
Volume 263 Issue (up) 1367 Pages 173-177
Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Brain/*anatomy & histology; Cerebral Cortex/*anatomy & histology/*physiology; *Ecology; Evolution; Primates/anatomy & histology/*physiology/psychology; Regression Analysis; Species Specificity
Abstract The neocortex is widely held to have been the focus of mammalian brain evolution, but what selection pressures explain the observed diversity in its size and structure? Among primates, comparative studies suggest that neocortical evolution is related to the cognitive demands of sociality, and here I confirm that neocortex size and social group size are positively correlated once phylogenetic associations and overall brain size are taken into account. This association holds within haplorhine but not strepsirhine primates. In addition, the neocortex is larger in diurnal than in nocturnal primates, and among diurnal haplorhines its size is positively correlated with the degree of frugivory. These ecological correlates reflect the diverse sensory-cognitive functions of the neocortex.
Address Department of Anthropology, University of Durham
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0962-8452 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:8728982 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4783
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Author de Waal, F.B.
Title Macaque social culture: development and perpetuation of affiliative networks Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) Abbreviated Journal J Comp Psychol
Volume 110 Issue (up) 2 Pages 147-154
Keywords Animals; Dominance-Subordination; Female; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; Male; Maternal Behavior; *Peer Group; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior; Social Distance; *Social Environment
Abstract Maternal affiliative relations may be transmitted to offspring, similar to the way in which maternal rank determines offspring rank. The development of 23 captive female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was followed from the day of birth until adulthood. A multivariate analysis compared relations among age peers with affiliative relations, kinship, and rank distance among mothers. Maternal relations were an excellent predictor of affiliative relations among daughters, explaining up to 64% of the variance. Much of this predictability was due to the effect of kinship. However, after this variable had been controlled, significant predictability persisted. For relations of female subjects with male peers, on the other hand, maternal relations had no significant predictive value beyond the effect of kinship. One possible explanation of these results is that young rhesus females copy maternal social preferences through a process of cultural learning.
Address Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. dewaal@rmy.emory.edu
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0735-7036 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:8681528 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 204
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Author Wilson, D.S.; Dugatkin, L.A.
Title A reply to Lombardi & Hurlbert Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 52 Issue (up) 2 Pages 423-425
Keywords
Abstract No abstract
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 475
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Author Dugatkin, L.A.
Title Tit for Tat, by-product mutualism and predator inspection: a reply to Connor Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 51 Issue (up) 2 Pages 455-457
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 487
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Author Doré,F.Y.; Fiset,S.; Goulet,S.; Dumans,M.-C.; Gagnon,S.
Title Search behavior in cats and dogs Interspecific differences in working memory and spatial cognition Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Animal Learning & Behavior Abbreviated Journal Anim Learn. & Behav.
Volume 24 Issue (up) 2 Pages 142-149
Keywords
Abstract Cats and dogs search behavior was compared in different problems where an object was visibly

moved behind a screen that was then visibly moved to a new position. In Experiments 1 (cats) and 2 (dogs),

one group was tested with identical screens and the other group was tested with dissimilar screens.

Results showed that in both species, search behavior was based on processing of spatial information

rather than on recognition of the visual features of the target screen. Cats and dogs were unable to find

the object by inferring its invisible movement. They reached a high level of success only if there was

direct perceptual evidence that the object could not be at its initial position. When the position change

was indicated by an indirect cue, cats searched more at the object`s initial than final position, whereas

dogs searched equally at both positions. Interspecific similarities and differences are interpreted in

terms of the requirements for resetting working memory.
Address
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 537
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Author Clarke, J.V.; Nicol, C.J.; Jones, R.; McGreevy, P.D.
Title Effects of observational learning on food selection in horses Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 50 Issue (up) 2 Pages 177-184
Keywords Horse; Observational learning; Food discrimination
Abstract Fourteen riding horses of mixed age and breed were randomly allocated to observer and control treatments. An additional horse was pre-trained as a demonstrator to walk the 13.8 m length of the test arena and select one of two food buckets using colour and pattern cues. Observer horses were exposed to correct performances of the task by the trained demonstrator, for 20 trials held over 2 days. Control horses were subjected to the same handling and placement procedures as the observer horses but without exposure to the behaviour of the demonstrator. The third day for all subjects was designated as a test day. Each subject was released individually in a predetermined place in the arena, and the latency to walk the length of the test arena to the food buckets, the latency to feed, the identity of the bucket approached and the identity of the bucket selected were recorded on ten consecutive trials. During tests both food buckets contained food to minimize the possibility of individual trial and error learning. On the first trial the mean latency to approach the goal area was 18 s for observer horses, compared with 119 s for control horses (t = 2.8, d.f. = 12, P < 0.01) and the mean latency to eat was 35 s for observer horses, compared with 181 s for control horses (t = 4.86, d.f. = 11, P < 0.001). However, observer horses were no more likely to choose the demonstrated bucket than control horses on the first trial. Twelve of the 14 horses decreased their latency to approach the goal area during the series of ten trials, but there were no significant changes in the buckets selected.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 563
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Author Reed, P.; Skiera, F.; Adams, L.; Heyes, C.M.
Title Effects of Isolation Rearing and Mirror Exposure on Social and Asocial Discrimination Performance Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Learning and Motivation Abbreviated Journal Learn. Motiv.
Volume 27 Issue (up) 2 Pages 113-129
Keywords
Abstract Four experiments examined the effects of rearing in isolation on rats performance on discrimination-based and social learning tasks. After demonstrating that the rearing procedures produced similar results in an open field task to those previously established (Experiment 1), rats were subjected to two discrimination tasks: an instrumental occasion setting procedure (Experiment 3) and a nonspatial win-stay/lose-shift versus win-shift/lose-stay procedure (Experiment 4). Deficits in acquisition of the necessary discriminations were noted in the rats raised in isolation, but there were no differences between isolation-reared and socially reared subjects in response acquisition per se. In Experiment 2, rats were presented with an observational learning task using the bidirectional control procedure. Socially reared rats had a tendency to imitate the behavior they had observed, but rats raised in isolation performed the opposite behavior to that observed, indicating a failure to use a conspecific as a reference point in the task. The presence of a mirror during rearing in isolation was also investigated, but was found to have little effect in attenuating the above deficits in behavior.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 725
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Author van Dierendonck, M.C.; Bandi, N.; Batdorj, D.; Dugerlham, S.; Munkhtsog, B.
Title Behavioural observations of reintroduced Takhi or Przewalski horses (Equus ferus przewalskii) in Mongolia Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 50 Issue (up) 2 Pages 95-114
Keywords Horse; Przewalski's horse; Reintroduction; Time budget; Social organisation; Basic reference dataset
Abstract During 1992 and 1993, 14 reintroduced Przewalski Horses or Takhi (Equus ferus przewalskii) were studied in the Hustain Nuruu Mountain Steppe reserve in Mongolia. Most of the individuals did not know each other before reintroduction. These Takhi were the first of five groups due to be released in the reserve after an acclimatisation period of at least 1 year. During acclimatisation the Takhi, lived visually and acoustically separately, in fenced enclosures of approximately 45 ha each. The observations, mostly scan-sampling, were carried out in each season. The observation bouts were divided over six periods and over two harem herds. Two of the periods were in the same consecutive seasons, so comparison over the years was possible. Social integration within the Takhi herds was very high from the beginning, as described by the spatial relation and synchronisation data. Between 50 and 89% of the observation time, the behaviour of all herd members was synchronised. The amount of time spent grazing by the Takhi (30-68% of the daylight period) was similar to that of feral horses and Takhi in captivity and semi-reserves. The Takhi tended to rest in the morning and have a bimodal period of grazing at dawn and in the afternoon. The Takhi displayed clear habitat preferences for certain activities. They had a strong preference to rest at the highest point in their enclosure. They fed preferably on two or three different vegetation types (with five types available in each enclosure). The amount of time spent grazing during the non-growing seasons (49 +/- 15%) indicates that the feeding value and availability of food were sufficient. Health changes were detected adequately using condition scoring sheets. No supplementary food or water was supplied during the harsh winters. Moreover, low mortality rates and high reproductive success show that the mountain steppe is a habitat which is potentially suitable for establishing a healthy Takhi population. Takhi is the first species to return to its native habitat after living only in zoos for so many generations.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 762
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