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| Author | Deuel, N.R.; Lawrence, L.M. | ||||
| Title | Laterality in the gallop gait of horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1987 | Publication | Journal of biomechanics | Abbreviated Journal | J Biomech |
| Volume | 20 | Issue  |
6 | Pages | 645-649 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Functional Laterality; *Gait; Horses/*physiology; Kinesis | ||||
| Abstract | Bilateral asymmetry in gallop stride limb contact patterns of four Quarter Horse fillies was documented by high-speed cinematography. Horses were filmed with rider by two cameras simultaneously while galloping along a straightaway. Even though signaled for each gallop lead an equivalent number of times, horses frequently switched leads, selecting the left lead nearly twice as often as the right. Velocities and stride lengths were greater for the left lead than the right, but stride frequencies did not differ between leads. Velocity effects were partitioned out in limb contact data analysis to enable the determination of persistent gallop stride asymmetries. The contact duration for the trailing (right) fore limb on the left lead exceeded the contact duration for the trailing (left) fore limb on the right lead. Selecting the right fore limb as the trailing fore limb may have allowed horses to use it to withstand the greater stresses and caused them to preferentially gallop with the left fore limb leading. Laterality may have an important influence on equine gallop motion patterns and thereby influence athletic performance. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0021-9290 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:3611140 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 528 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Hildebrand, M. | ||||
| Title | The Mechanics of Horse Legs | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1987 | Publication | American Scientist | Abbreviated Journal | Amer. Sci. |
| Volume | 75 | Issue |
6 | Pages | 594-601 |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2301 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Terrace, H.S. | ||||
| Title | Chunking by a pigeon in a serial learning task | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1987 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 325 | Issue |
7000 | Pages | 149-151 |
| Keywords | Animals; Cognition/*physiology; Columbidae/*physiology; Feedback; Learning/*physiology; Male | ||||
| Abstract | A basic principle of human memory is that lists that can be organized into memorable 'chunks' are easier to remember. Memory span is limited to a roughly constant number of chunks and is to a large extent independent of the amount of informaton contained in each chunk. Depending on the ingenuity of the code used to integrate discrete items into chunks, one can substantially increase the number of items that can be recalled correctly. Newly developed paradigms for studying memory in non-verbal organisms allow comparison of the abilities of human and non-human subjects to memorize lists. Here I present two types of evidence that pigeons 'chunk' 5-element lists whose components (colours and achromatic geometric forms) are clustered into distinct groups. Those lists were learned twice as rapidly as a homogeneous list of colours or heterogeneous lists in which the elements are not clustered. The pigeons were also tested for knowledge of the order of two elements drawn from the 5-element lists. They responded in the correct order only to those subsets that contained a chunk boundary. Thus chunking can be studied profitably in animal subjects; the cognitive processes that allow an organism to form chunks do no presuppose linguistic competence. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0028-0836 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:3808071 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2792 | ||
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