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Author Nicol, C.J.; Brown, S.N.; Glen, E.; Pope, S.J.; Short, F.J.; Warriss, P.D.; Zimmerman, P.H.; Wilkins, L.J. doi  openurl
  Title Effects of stocking density, flock size and management on the welfare of laying hens in single-tier aviaries Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication British poultry science Abbreviated Journal Br Poult Sci  
  Volume 47 Issue (up) 2 Pages 135-146  
  Keywords Animal Husbandry/*methods; *Animal Welfare; Animals; Body Constitution/*physiology; Chickens/*physiology; Crowding; Feathers; Female; *Housing, Animal/standards; Mortality; Organ Size; Oviposition/physiology; Population Density; Population Dynamics; Random Allocation  
  Abstract Management practices, stocking rate and flock size may affect laying hen welfare but there have been few replicated studies in commercial non-cage systems that investigate this. This study used a broad range of physical and physiological indicators to assess the welfare of hens in 36 commercial flocks. Six laying period treatments were examined with each treatment replicated 6 times. It was not possible to randomly allocate treatments to houses, so treatment and house were largely confounded. Three stocking rates were compared: 7 birds/m(2) (n = 2450), 9 birds/m(2) (n = 3150) and 12 birds/m(2) in either small (n = 2450) or large (n = 4200) flocks. In addition, at 12 birds/m(2), in both small and large flocks, birds were subjected to either standard (SM) or modified (MM) management. MM flocks had nipple drinkers and no nest-box lights. Bone strength, fracture incidence, heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L) ratio, live weight, organ weights, serum creatine, serum osmolality, muscle pH and faecal corticosterone were measured on samples of birds at the end of the rearing period and at the end of lay. During the laying period, mortality, production and integument condition were recorded at regular intervals. Birds housed at 9 birds/m(2) had higher mortality than birds housed at 12 birds/m(2) by the end of lay, but not higher than birds housed at 7 birds/m(2). Birds housed at 7 and 9 birds/m(2) had lower percent liver weight, and worse plumage condition than most of the 12 bird/m(2) treatments. Modified management tended to improve plumage condition. There were no clear effects of flock size on the welfare indicators recorded. At the end of the rearing period fracture incidence was almost negligible and H:L ratio was within a normal range. By the end of lay fracture incidence was 60% and H:L ratio was high, with no treatment effect for either measure. This, together with information on faecal corticosterone, feather loss and mortality, suggests that the welfare of birds in all treatments was relatively poor by the end of lay.  
  Address School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford BS40 5DU and ADAS Gleadthorpe, Meden Vale, Mansfield, Notts NG20 9PF, England. c.j.nicol@bristol.ac.uk  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0007-1668 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:16641024 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 65  
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Author Guo, G.L.; Moffit, J.S.; Nicol, C.J.; Ward, J.M.; Aleksunes, L.A.; Slitt, A.L.; Kliewer, S.A.; Manautou, J.E.; Gonzalez, F.J. doi  openurl
  Title Enhanced acetaminophen toxicity by activation of the pregnane X receptor Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology Abbreviated Journal Toxicol Sci  
  Volume 82 Issue (up) 2 Pages 374-380  
  Keywords Acetaminophen/pharmacokinetics/*toxicity; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/pharmacokinetics/*toxicity; Animals; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/biosynthesis; Biotransformation; Blotting, Northern; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/biosynthesis; Pregnenolone Carbonitrile/pharmacology; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/*drug effects; Receptors, Steroid/*drug effects; Sulfhydryl Compounds/metabolism  
  Abstract The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor and member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Activation of PXR represents an important mechanism for the induction of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) enzymes that can convert acetaminophen (APAP) to its toxic intermediate metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). Therefore, it was hypothesized that activation of PXR plays a major role in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Pretreatment with the PXR activator, pregnenolone 16alpha-carbonitrile (PCN), markedly enhanced APAP-induced hepatic injury, as revealed by increased serum ALT levels and hepatic centrilobular necrosis, in wild-type but not in PXR-null mice. Further analysis showed that following PCN treatment, PXR-null mice had lower CYP3A11 expression, decreased NAPQI formation, and increased maintenance of hepatic glutathione content compared to wild-type mice. Thus, these results suggest that PXR plays a critical role in APAP-induced hepatic toxicity, probably by inducing CYP3A11 expression and hence increasing bioactivation.  
  Address Laboratory of Metabolism, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1096-6080 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:15456926 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 71  
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Author McGreevy, P.D.; French, N.P.; Nicol, C.J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The prevalence of abnormal behaviours in dressage, eventing and endurance horses in relation to stabling Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication The Veterinary record Abbreviated Journal Vet. Rec.  
  Volume 137 Issue (up) 2 Pages 36-37  
  Keywords Animal Husbandry/*methods; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Horse Diseases/*psychology; Horses; *Physical Conditioning, Animal; Prevalence; Questionnaires; *Stereotyped Behavior  
  Abstract The behaviour of horses competing in different disciplines was studied and the relationship between the time they spent out of the stable and the prevalence of abnormal behaviour was examined. The owners of dressage, eventing and endurance horses were sent a questionnaire and a total of 1101 responses were received, giving data on 1750 horses. The behaviours studied were wood-chewing, weaving, crib-biting/wind-sucking and box-walking. The reported percentage prevalences of abnormal behaviour for the dressage, eventing and endurance horses were 32.5, 30.8 and 19.5, respectively. The relationship between the time spent in the stable and the prevalence of abnormal behaviour was examined by chi 2 tests which showed that there were significant linear trends for the eventing group (P < 0.001) and the dressage group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the time a horse spends out of the stable is related to the discipline for which it is being trained and in dressage and eventing horses the time spent in a stable is correlated with an increased risk of abnormal behaviour.  
  Address University of Bristol, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Langford  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0042-4900 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:8525580 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 89  
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Author McGreevy, P.D.; Richardson, J.D.; Nicol, C.J.; Lane, J.G. openurl 
  Title Radiographic and endoscopic study of horses performing an oral based stereotypy Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Equine veterinary journal Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J  
  Volume 27 Issue (up) 2 Pages 92-95  
  Keywords Animals; Endoscopy/*veterinary; Esophagus/physiopathology/radiography; Female; Fluoroscopy/veterinary; Horse Diseases/physiopathology/*psychology/radiography; Horses; Male; Pharynx/physiopathology/radiography; *Stereotyped Behavior; Video Recording  
  Abstract There is confusion in the veterinary literature concerning the definition of oral based stereotypies in the horse. This study reports the use of fluoroscopy and endoscopy during cribbiting/wind-sucking in afflicted horses. This permitted observations of movements of the pharyngeal and oesophageal tissues and of the air column within during the stereotypic behaviour. The findings reported show that the sequence of events during crib-biting/wind-sucking is not related to deglutition and that air is not swallowed to the stomach. Transient dilation of the upper oesophagus was recorded and the characteristic noise of wind-sucking coincided with the in-rush of air through the cricopharynx. The oesophageal distension was relieved when the air returned to the pharynx although small quantities passed caudally. It is proposed that the role of contraction of the strap muscles of the neck is to create a pressure gradient in the soft tissues surrounding the oesophagus which provokes movement of air from the pharynx into the oesophagus. The findings suggest that the definitions currently used in the sale of horses are in need of revision.  
  Address Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, UK  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0425-1644 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:7607156 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 90  
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Author McGreevy, P.D.; Cripps, P.J.; French, N.P.; Green, L.E.; Nicol, C.J. openurl 
  Title Management factors associated with stereotypic and redirected behaviour in the thoroughbred horse Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Equine veterinary journal Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J  
  Volume 27 Issue (up) 2 Pages 86-91  
  Keywords Animal Husbandry/*methods; Animals; Horse Diseases/psychology/*therapy; Horses; Risk Factors; *Stereotyped Behavior; Time Factors  
  Abstract A greater knowledge of the effect of management factors is required to investigate the ontogeny of abnormal behaviour in the stabled horse. A postal survey of racehorse (flat) trainers yielded information about 22 yard and management factors. The relationship of the factors to the prevalence of abnormal behaviour was analysed by logistic regression. Management factors related to the time spent in the stable showed the strongest associations with stereotypic behaviour. The risk of horses performing abnormal behaviour increased: 1) as the amount of forage fell below 6.8 kg/day, 2) when bedding types other than straw were used, 3) when the total number of horses on the yard was fewer than 75, 4) in association with box designs that minimised contact between neighbouring horses, 5) when hay, rather than other types of forage, was used.  
  Address Department of Animal Health and Husbandry, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, UK  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0425-1644 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:7607155 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 91  
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Author Hendricks, J.C.; Morrison, A.R. openurl 
  Title Normal and abnormal sleep in mammals Type Journal Article
  Year 1981 Publication Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Abbreviated Journal J Am Vet Med Assoc  
  Volume 178 Issue (up) 2 Pages 121-126  
  Keywords Animals; Cat Diseases/physiopathology; Cats; Cattle; Dog Diseases/physiopathology; Dogs; Dreams; Horses/physiology; Humans; Narcolepsy/physiopathology/veterinary; Sleep/*physiology; Sleep Apnea Syndromes/physiopathology/veterinary; Sleep Disorders/physiopathology/*veterinary; Sleep, REM/physiology  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-1488 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:7204232 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 101  
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Author Alexander, F.; Nicholson, J.D. openurl 
  Title The blood and saliva clearances of phenobarbitone and pentobarbitone in the horse Type Journal Article
  Year 1968 Publication Biochemical pharmacology Abbreviated Journal Biochem Pharmacol  
  Volume 17 Issue (up) 2 Pages 203-210  
  Keywords Animals; Female; *Horses; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Pentobarbital/blood/*metabolism; Phenobarbital/blood/*metabolism; Protein Binding; *Saliva; Time Factors  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0006-2952 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:5647047 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 117  
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Author Weik, H.; Altmann, H.J. openurl 
  Title [Behavior of blood lipids during fasting in the horse] Type Journal Article
  Year 1971 Publication Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe A Abbreviated Journal Zentralbl Veterinarmed A  
  Volume 18 Issue (up) 2 Pages 131-138  
  Keywords Adipose Tissue/metabolism; Animals; Chromatography, Gas; Fasting/*veterinary; Fatty Acids/blood/metabolism; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood; Horses/*metabolism; Lipids/*blood  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language German Summary Language Original Title Das Verhalten einiger Blutlipide wahrend des Hungerns beim Pferd  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0514-7158 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:4995835 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 134  
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Author Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Liu, I.M.; Turner, J.W.J.; Naugle, R.; Keiper, R. openurl 
  Title Long-term effects of porcine zonae pellucidae immunocontraception on ovarian function in feral horses (Equus caballus) Type Journal Article
  Year 1992 Publication Journal of reproduction and fertility Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fertil  
  Volume 94 Issue (up) 2 Pages 437-444  
  Keywords Animals; Contraception, Immunologic/*veterinary; *Egg Proteins; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/urine; Female; Glycoproteins/*pharmacology; Horses/immunology/*physiology; *Membrane Glycoproteins; Ovary/drug effects/*physiology; Progesterone/metabolism; *Receptors, Cell Surface; Swine/immunology; Time Factors; Zona Pellucida/*immunology  
  Abstract Ten feral mares free-roaming in Maryland, USA, were inoculated with porcine zonae pellucidae (PZP) protein before the breeding season for three consecutive years (1988-90). Ovarian function was monitored for 51 days during the peak of the breeding season after the third annual PZP inoculation, in seven of these mares and in four untreated control mares, by means of urinary oestrone conjugates and nonspecific progesterone metabolites. None of the ten inoculated mares became pregnant in 1990, compared with 55% of 20 control mares, which included two of the four monitored for ovarian function. Three of the untreated mares demonstrated apparent normal ovarian activity, characterized by preovulatory oestrogen peaks, concurrent progesterone nadirs at ovulation, breeding activity, and luteal-phase progesterone increases after ovulation. Two of the seven monitored PZP-treated mares demonstrated ovulatory cycles that did not result in conception. One was pregnant as a result of conception in 1989 and demonstrated a normal, late-gestation, endocrine profile. The remaining four PZP-treated mares revealed no evidence of ovulation, and urinary oestrogen concentrations were significantly depressed. The experiments indicated that (i) a third consecutive annual PZP booster inoculation is greater than 90% effective in preventing pregnancies in mares and (ii) three consecutive years of PZP treatment may interfere with normal ovarian function as shown by markedly depressed oestrogen secretion.  
  Address Deaconess Research Institute, Billings, MT 59102  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-4251 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:1317449 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 145  
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Author Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Wiesner, L.; Kenney, R.M.; Ganjam, V.K.; Turner, J.W. openurl 
  Title Seasonal variation in plasma androgens and testosterone in the North American wild horse Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication The Journal of endocrinology Abbreviated Journal J Endocrinol  
  Volume 72 Issue (up) 2 Pages 237-238  
  Keywords Androgens/*blood; Animals; Horses/*blood; Male; *Seasons; Testosterone/*blood  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-0795 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:845536 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 148  
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