Records |
Author |
de Waal, F.B.; Seres, M. |
Title |
Propagation of handclasp grooming among captive chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1997 |
Publication |
American journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Primatol. |
Volume |
43 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
4 |
Pages |
339-346 |
Keywords |
Animals; Family Relations; Female; *Grooming; Learning; Male; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; *Social Behavior |
Abstract |
A grooming posture previously reported for two wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) communities developed spontaneously in a captive group of the same species. This offered a unique opportunity to follow the propagation of a new social custom. The posture consists of two partners grasping hands--either both right hands or both left hands--and raising the arms in an A-frame above their heads while mutually grooming with their free hands. The propagation of this pattern was followed over a 5 year period. In the beginning, handclasps were always initiated by the same adult female. This female initiated the posture mainly with her adult female kin. In subsequent years, these relatives became frequent participants in the posture with each other as well as with nonrelatives. Over the years the posture increased in frequency and duration and spread to the majority of adults and also to a few adolescents and older juveniles. The pattern persisted after removal of the apparent originator. |
Address |
Yerkes Primate Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
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0275-2565 |
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PMID:9403098 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
202 |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B.; Uno, H.; Luttrell, L.M.; Meisner, L.F.; Jeannotte, L.A. |
Title |
Behavioral retardation in a macaque with autosomal trisomy and aging mother |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1996 |
Publication |
American journal of mental retardation : AJMR |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Ment Retard |
Volume |
100 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
4 |
Pages |
378-390 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Brain/physiopathology; Female; Hydrocephalus/complications; Longitudinal Studies; Macaca mulatta/*genetics; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; *Maternal Age; Psychomotor Disorders/*etiology; Social Behavior; Trisomy/*genetics; X Chromosome |
Abstract |
The social development of a female rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) was followed from the day of birth until her death, at age 32 months. The subject, born to an older mother, had an extra autosome (karyotype: 43, XX, +18), an affliction that came about spontaneously. MRI scans revealed that she was also hydrocephalic. Compared to 23 female monkeys growing up under identical conditions, the subject showed serious motor deficiencies, a dramatic delay in the development of social behavior, poorly established dominance relationships, and greater than usual dependency on mother and kin. The subject was well-integrated into the social group, however. |
Address |
University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA |
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English |
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0895-8017 |
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PMID:8718992 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
205 |
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Author |
Zentall, T.R. |
Title |
A cognitive behaviorist approach to the study of animal behavior |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
The Journal of general psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Gen Psychol |
Volume |
129 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
4 |
Pages |
328-363 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Attention; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Learning; *Memory; Social Behavior |
Abstract |
Traditional psychological approaches to animal learning and behavior have involved either the atheoretical behaviorist approach proposed by B. F. Skinner (1938), in which input-output relations are described in response to environmental manipulations, or the theoretical behaviorist approach offered by C. L Hull (1943), in which associations mediated by several hypothetical constructs and intervening variables are formed between stimuli and responses. Recently, the application of a cognitive behaviorist approach to animal learning and behavior has been found to have considerable value as a research tool. This perspective has grown out of E. C. Tolman's cognitive approach to learning in which behavior is mediated by mechanisms that are not directly observable but can be inferred from the results of critical experiments. In the present article, the author presents several examples of the successful application of the cognitive behaviorist approach. In each case, the experiments have been designed to distinguish between more traditional mechanisms and those mediated by hypothesized internal representations. These examples were selected because the evidence suggests that some form of active cognitive organization is needed to account for the behavioral results. |
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506, USA. Zentall@uky.edu |
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0022-1309 |
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PMID:12494989 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
214 |
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Author |
Weeks, J.W.; Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Caudle, A.B.; Heusner, G.L. |
Title |
Aggression and social spacing in light horse (Equus caballus) mares and foals |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume |
68 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
4 |
Pages |
319-337 |
Keywords |
Dominance relationships; Horse; Sex differences; Social ontogeny; aggregation; parent-offspring interaction; social behavior |
Abstract |
Aggression and social spacing were studied in 14 light horse mares and their foals living at pasture. Focal samples were collected on each mare-foal dyad for 6 to 10.5 h from 2 months of foal age until weaning at approximately 4 months of age. Observations on foals continued until approximately 6 months of age for 7.5 to 10.5 h per foal. Every 2 min the identities of all individuals within 5 m were recorded. All occurrences of agonistic behavior, and the participants, were recorded during the focal samples. In addition, during feeding of supplemental grain, all occurrences of agonistic behavior by all subjects were recorded. Significant correlations were found between mare rank and the rank of foals both prior to and after weaning. Before weaning, the rank of the foal was significantly correlated with birth order. No significant correlation between birth order and foal rank was found for the post-weaning hierarchy. An animal's gender had no significant effect on foal rank or the choice of preferred associate. Both prior to and after weaning, foals associated preferentially with the foal of their dam's most preferred associate. In addition, significant positive correlations were found between rank of mares and foals and the rate at which they directed aggression to other herd members. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. |
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Cited By (since 1996): 7; Export Date: 21 April 2007; Source: Scopus |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
788 |
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Author |
Larose, C.; Richard-Yris, M.-A.; Hausberger, M.; Rogers, L.J. |
Title |
Laterality of horses associated with emotionality in novel situations |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Laterality |
Abbreviated Journal |
Laterality |
Volume |
11 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
4 |
Pages |
355-367 |
Keywords |
Affect/*physiology; Animals; Brain/*physiology; Female; Functional Laterality/*physiology; Horses; Male; *Social Behavior; *Social Environment |
Abstract |
We have established that lateral biases are characteristic of visual behaviour in 65 horses. Two breeds, Trotters and French Saddlebreds aged 2 to 3, were tested on a novel object test. The main finding was a significant correlation between emotionality index and the eye preferred to view the novel stimulus: the higher the emotionality, the more likely that the horse looked with its left eye. The less emotive French Saddlebreds, however, tended to glance at the object using the right eye, a tendency that was not found in the Trotters, although the emotive index was the same for both breeds. The youngest French Saddlebreds did not show this trend. These results are discussed in relation to the different training practices for the breeds and broader findings on lateralisation in different species. |
Address |
Universite de Rennes 1, France |
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English |
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ISSN |
1357-650X |
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PMID:16754236 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029 |
Serial |
1826 |
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Author |
Ionita, J.C.; Poncet, P.A.; Doherr, M.G.; Steiger, A. |
Title |
[Evaluation of the quality of husbandry of Franches-Montagnes horses in their breeding farms] |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde |
Abbreviated Journal |
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd |
Volume |
148 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
4 |
Pages |
191-197 |
Keywords |
Animal Husbandry/methods/*standards/statistics & numerical data; *Animal Welfare; Animals; Breeding/*methods/standards; Female; Floors and Floorcoverings; Horses/*physiology; Housing, Animal/*standards; Male; Poaceae; Questionnaires; Social Behavior; Switzerland |
Abstract |
The quality of husbandry of Franches-Montagnes horses (FM) in Switzerland is evaluated on the basis of an investigation carried out in 2002 by the Swiss FM breeding federation. Questionnaires were sent to 3500 of its members and the results include data from 968 breeding enterprises, housing a total of 3965 FM: 46.1% were breeding mares (61.0% with foal at foot), 26.5% young stock, 1.3% stallions and 26.0% non breeding stock (74.6% of which were pleasure horses and 25.4% working horses). 57.6% of the FM were housed in individual boxes with or without permanent outdoor access, 25.4% were hold in groups with or without permanent outdoor access, the remaining 17.0% were kept in standing stalls. 95.0% of the FM had at least visual contact with other equines and 99.2% had sufficient light in their stable. 88.1% were stabled on long stalk straw, while only 4.3% were bedded on other materials other than straw. The average time spent at pasture per horse and per week ranged from 96.5 +/- 51.6 hours in summer to 27.2 +/- 26.7 hours in winter. On average, a FM is used for 8.3 +/- 6.5 hours per week. Horses with an paddock at their disposal spend an average of 39.8 +/- 45.9 hours there per week. |
Address |
Chirurgische Tierklinik, Universitat Leipzig |
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French |
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Original Title |
Les conditions de detention des chevaux de race franches-montagnes dans leurs exploitations d'elevage |
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0036-7281 |
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PMID:16703760 |
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Serial |
1872 |
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Author |
Poncet, P.A.; Ionita, J.C.; Doherr, M.G.; Steiger, A. |
Title |
[The influence of the socio-economic structure of the breeding farms of Franches-Montagnes horses on the conditions of husbandry] |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde |
Abbreviated Journal |
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd |
Volume |
148 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
4 |
Pages |
183-189 |
Keywords |
Altitude; Animal Husbandry/methods/*standards; Animals; Breeding/*economics/standards; Demography; Female; Horses/*physiology; Housing, Animal/*standards; Male; Physical Conditioning, Animal/methods/*physiology; Questionnaires; Social Behavior; Socioeconomic Factors; Switzerland |
Abstract |
The socio-economic structure of the breeding farms of Franches-Montagnes horses (FM) in Switzerland is evaluated on the basis of an investigation carried out in 2002 by the Swiss FM breeding federation. Questionnaires were sent to 3500 of its members and the results include data from 968 breeding enterprises, housing a total of 3965 FM. The quality of the husbandry of FM varies according to factors such as the altitude and the geographical situation of the farms and studs. Socio-economic parameters, such as the role of FM in the business, their use (breeding, driving, riding) and the age and level of professional education of the owners may also have an effect on standards of husbandry. The results show that the owners for whom FM represent a source of income more frequently keep their horses in standing stalls, but give them more time to exercise at liberty than the horses belonging to amateur breeders. Younger and better educated breeders are more likely to house their animals in groups. |
Address |
Haras national suisse, Avenches |
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French |
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L'influence de la structure socio-economique des exploitations d'elevage de chevaux de race franches-montagnes sur les conditions de detention |
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0036-7281 |
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PMID:16703759 |
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Serial |
1873 |
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Author |
Waran, N.K. |
Title |
Can studies of feral horse behaviour be used for assessing domestic horse welfare? |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
Volume |
29 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
4 |
Pages |
249-251 |
Keywords |
Animal Husbandry/methods; *Animal Welfare; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; *Behavior, Animal; Horses/*psychology; Social Behavior |
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0425-1644 |
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PMID:15338901 |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1936 |
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Author |
Lynch, J.J.; Fregin, G.F.; Mackie, J.B.; Monroe, R.R.J. |
Title |
Heart rate changes in the horse to human contact |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Psychophysiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Psychophysiology |
Volume |
11 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
4 |
Pages |
472-478 |
Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Electrocardiography/veterinary; *Heart Rate; Horses/*physiology; Humans; *Social Behavior; *Touch |
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0048-5772 |
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PMID:4852234 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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1965 |
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Author |
Khalil, A.M.; Kaseda, Y. |
Title |
Early experience affects developmental behaviour and timing of harem formation in Misaki horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume |
59 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
4 |
Pages |
253-263 |
Keywords |
Feral horse; Young male; Social behavior; Developmental stage |
Abstract |
A study was made of the behavior of young male Misaki feral horses in the developmental stage, by observing nine of them once a week from January 1988 to December 1996. The relationship between behavior before separation and in the developmental stage was also investigated. This stage begins just after young males separate from their natal band or mothers, and it continues until they start to form harems. The duration of the developmental stage in the study ranged from 0.6 to 3.9 years, depending on the age of the young males at the time of separation. Young males associated with three types of social groups at the beginning of the developmental stage, according to their social groups before separation. These were bachelor groups, harem groups and wandering female groups. During this period, males joined the three groups, mixed sex groups and sometimes were solitary. It was considered that these associations provided a good opportunity for males to acquire different behavioral patterns and experiences before they entered the next stage. Depending on the groups with which they associated, young males that spent more time with bachelor groups had the longest average developmental stage. They associated with harem groups more often during the breeding season and more frequently with other groups or were solitary during the non-breeding season. This may be a transition period because by the end of this stage all males had spent time in solitude before forming their own harem bands. |
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2021 |
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