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Author Monfort, A.; Monfort, N
Title Observation of a melanistic zebra (Equus burchelli) in the Akagera Type Journal Article
Year 1977 Publication E. Afr. Wildl Abbreviated Journal E. Afr. Wildl
Volume 15 Issue (up) Pages 173
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2389
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Author Packer, C.
Title Reciprocal altruism in Papio anubis Type Journal Article
Year 1977 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume 265 Issue (up) Pages 441-445
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Notes 10.1038/265441a0 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4840
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Author Anderson , M.C.; Shettleworth, S.J.
Title Behavioral adaptation to fixed-interval and fixed-time food delivery in golden hamsters Type Journal Article
Year 1977 Publication Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB) Abbreviated Journal J Exp Anal Behav
Volume 27 Issue (up) 1 Pages 33-49
Keywords
Abstract Food-deprived golden hamsters in a large enclosure received food every 30 sec contingent on lever pressing, or free while their behavior was continuously recorded in terms of an exhaustive classification of motor patterns. As with other species in other situations, behavior became organized into two main classes. One (terminal behaviors) increased in probability throughout interfood intervals; the other (interim behaviors) peaked earlier in interfood intervals. Which class an activity belonged to was independent of whether food was contingent on lever pressing. When food was omitted on some of the intervals (thwarting), the terminal activities began sooner in the next interval, and different interim activities changed in different ways. The interim activities did not appear to be schedule-induced in the usual sense. Rather, the hamsters left the area of the feeder when food was not due and engaged in activities they would normally perform in the experimental environment.
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0022-5002 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:16811980 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 388
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Author Pacheco, M.A.; Herrera, E.A.
Title Social Structure of Feral Horses in the Llanos of Venezuela Type Journal Article
Year 1977 Publication Journal of Mammalogy Abbreviated Journal J Mammal
Volume 78 Issue (up) 1 Pages 15-22
Keywords
Abstract Feral horses (Equus caballus) in the Venezuelan savannas (Ilanos) formed bands of 3-35 individuals; mean group size varied between 15 and 21. Some bands had up to three adult males, and there was a positive correlation between the number of males and the number of females in bands. Adult males also were seen solitary or formed bachelor groups. One association of three females was observed for 3 months. We noted a correlation between number of females in bands and number of foals per female born during our study (January-July 1992). The advantages of being in larger groups were unclear, because natural predators were rare. Perhaps females in larger groups have more time available for foraging due to reduced individual vigilance or that larger groups live in better-quality home ranges.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2318
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Author Domjan, M.
Title Selective suppression of drinking during a limited period following aversive drug treatment in rats Type Journal Article
Year 1977 Publication Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes Abbreviated Journal J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
Volume 3 Issue (up) 1 Pages 66-76
Keywords Animals; *Avoidance Learning; Awareness; Conditioning, Operant; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drinking Behavior/*drug effects; Lithium/*poisoning; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Saccharin/administration & dosage; *Taste; Time Factors
Abstract Administration of lithium chloride disrupted the intake of flavored solutions but not water in rats. This intake suppression was directly related to the amount of lithium administered (Experiment 1), occurred with both palatable and unpalatable novel saccharin solutions (Experiment 2), but was only observed if subjects were tested starting less than 75 min. after lithium treatment (Experiment 3). Twenty-five daily exposures to saccharin did not attenuate the effect (Experiment 4). However, in saccharin-reared and vinegar-reared rats, lithium did not disrupt consumption of the solutions these subjects had access to throughout life, even though suppressions of intake were observed when these subjects were tested with novel flavors (Experiment 5). The selective disruption of drinking is interpreted as a novelty-dependent sensitization reaction to the discomfort of aversive drug administration.
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 0097-7403 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:845544 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2788
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Author Rudy, J.W.; Iwens, J.; Best, P.J.
Title Pairing novel exteroceptive cues and illness reduces illness-induced taste aversions Type Journal Article
Year 1977 Publication Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes Abbreviated Journal J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
Volume 3 Issue (up) 1 Pages 14-25
Keywords Animals; *Association; *Avoidance Learning; Awareness; Conditioning, Operant; *Cues; Drinking Behavior; Environment; Inhibition (Psychology); Lithium/poisoning; Male; Rats; Saccharin/pharmacology; *Taste
Abstract Four experiments are reported that lead to the conclusion that pairing novel exteroceptive stimulation (placement into a black compartment) with a poison (lithium chloride) attenuates the development of an aversion to a taste (saccharin) subsequently paired with the poison. Such an attenuation effect occurs whether the exteroceptive cues are present or absent when the taste-poison pairing is administered. Interpretation and implications of this finding are discussed.
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ISSN 0097-7403 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:845542 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2789
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Author Wilson, M.T.; Ranson, R.J.; Masiakowski, P.; Czarnecka, E.; Brunori, M.
Title A kinetic study of the pH-dependent properties of the ferric undecapeptide of cytochrome c (microperoxidase) Type Journal Article
Year 1977 Publication European Journal of Biochemistry / FEBS Abbreviated Journal Eur J Biochem
Volume 77 Issue (up) 1 Pages 193-199
Keywords Animals; Cyanides; *Cytochrome c Group/metabolism; Ferric Compounds; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Imidazoles; Kinetics; Mathematics; Myocardium/enzymology; *Oligopeptides/metabolism; *Peptide Fragments/metabolism; Protein Binding; Spectrophotometry; Temperature
Abstract The ferric form of the haem undecapeptide, derived from horse cytochrome c by peptic digestion, undergoes at least three pH-induced transitions with pK values of 3.4, 5.8 and 7.6. Temperature-jump experiments suggest that the first of these is due to the binding of a deprotonated imidazole group to the feric iron while the second and third arise from the binding of the two available amino groups present (the alpha-NH2 of valine and the epsilon-NH2 of lysine). Molecular models indicate that steric retraints on the peptide dictate that these amino groups may only coordinate to iron atoms via intermolecular bonds, thus leading to the polymerization of the peptide. Cyanide binding studies are in agreement with these conclusions and also yield a value of 3.6 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 for the intrinsic combination constant of CN- anion with the haem. A model is proposed which describes the pH-dependent properties of the ferric undecapeptide.
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ISSN 0014-2956 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:20304 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3814
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Author Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Wiesner, L.; Kenney, R.M.; Ganjam, V.K.; Turner, J.W.
Title Seasonal variation in plasma androgens and testosterone in the North American wild horse Type Journal Article
Year 1977 Publication The Journal of endocrinology Abbreviated Journal J Endocrinol
Volume 72 Issue (up) 2 Pages 237-238
Keywords Androgens/*blood; Animals; Horses/*blood; Male; *Seasons; Testosterone/*blood
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ISSN 0022-0795 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:845536 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 148
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Berger, J.
Title Organizational systems and dominance in feral horses in the Grand Canyon Type Journal Article
Year 1977 Publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
Volume 2 Issue (up) 2 Pages 131-146
Keywords
Abstract 1. Several aspects of the behavioral ecology of feral horses (Equus caballus) were studied in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA. Most bands contained three to five horses that included one stallion and his harem. Males that did not obtain a harem remained solitary. Throughout the study bands remained stable in composition.

2. Home ranges for all bands decreased in size in successive warm months, probably due to increased ambient temperature and drought. This resulted in greater utilization of spring areas that led to increased interband confrontation and agonistic display.

3. Territoriality was not observed in individual horses or bands, but bands hierarchial in both inter- and intraband structures. Interband stallion dominance was reinforced through posturing and fighting. Intraband hierarchies, as determined by dominance coefficients, were independent of individual size in three of four bands.

4. Indexes of nervousness (NER), calculated while horses were drinking, showed that stallions were less nervous than mares. A low NER was correlated with individuals leading toward drinking areas, whereas a high NER existed in individuals initiating flight although no single horse acted consistently as a leader.

5. Diurnal activity patterns were correlated with ambient temperatures.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 748
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Author Tsong, T.Y.
Title Conformational relaxations of urea- and guanidine hydrochloride-unfolded ferricytochrome c Type Journal Article
Year 1977 Publication The Journal of Biological Chemistry Abbreviated Journal J Biol Chem
Volume 252 Issue (up) 24 Pages 8778-8780
Keywords *Cytochrome c Group; Guanidines/*pharmacology; Protein Conformation/drug effects; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Urea/*pharmacology
Abstract Several recent studies of protein the unfolded proteins. In urea- and guanidine HCl-unfolded ferricytochrome c (horse heart), an acid-induced spin state transformation of the heme group has been detected by the heme absorptions, Trp-59 fluorescence, and the intrinsic viscosity of protein. Kinetics of this second conformational transition, by the temperature jump and stopped flow methods, are complex. One rapid reaction (tau1), pH-independent, occurs in a 50-mus range; the second reaction (tau2), in a 1-ms range, depends linearly upon pH and is faster at the alkaline side; a third reaction (tau3), in a 1-s range, shows a sigmoidal transition at pH 5.1 and is faster at the acidic side. The results are consistent with a kinetic scheme which involves protein conformational changes in the transformation of the heme coordination state. The kinetics, along with previous equilibrium studies, indicate that ligand or charge interactions within a protein molecule are not completely prohibited even in strongly denaturing conditions, such as in high concentrations of urea and guanidine HCl. Thus, local structures of peptide chain associated with these interactions can exist in the unfolded protein.
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 0021-9258 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:200618 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3882
Permanent link to this record