| Records |
| Author |
Verrill, S.; McDonnell, S. |
| Title |
Equal Outcomes with and without Human-to-Horse Eye Contact When Catching Horses and Ponies in an Open Pasture |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
28 |
Issue  |
5 |
Pages |
309-312 |
| Keywords |
Horse handling; Horse management; Eye contact; Interspecies interactions; Equine behavior |
| Abstract |
Each of 104 horses and ponies was approached for catching at pasture by the same human handler in a standard manner, either maintaining human-to-animal eye contact (EC+; n = 51) or avoiding eye contact (EC-; n = 53). A subset of 74 of these subjects were reevaluated 3 weeks later under similar standard conditions except with the eye contact condition opposite to that used in the first round. Nonparametric statistical methods were used to evaluate between subjects (round 1, n = 104) and within subjects (rounds 1 and 2, n = 74) comparisons of successful or unsuccessful catching outcome with EC+ and EC-. Catching outcomes were similar with eye contact condition. Although this study represents a single handler at one study site, results suggest that human-to-horse eye contact may not be an important influence on catching pastured horses. Certainly, further work is needed to better understand the role of eye contact in horse handling. |
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| ISSN |
0737-0806 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4711 |
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| Author |
Ward, C.; Trisko, R.; Smuts, B.B. |
| Title |
Third-party interventions in dyadic play between littermates of domestic dogs, Canis lupus familiaris |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
78 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1153-1160 |
| Keywords |
Canis lupus familiaris; domestic dog; littermates; play; social development; third-party interventions |
| Abstract |
Interventions occur when animals interfere in competitive interactions between two or more individuals. Interveners can alter the nature of the ongoing interaction by targeting one party (attacking, biting) and supporting the other. Three theories have been proposed to account for intervention behaviour: kin selection, reciprocity and direct benefits. The kin selection hypothesis predicts that interveners will selectively support relatives over nonrelatives; the reciprocity hypothesis predicts that when intervener [`]A' supports individual [`]B', later [`]B' will intervene and support [`]A'; and the direct benefits hypothesis predicts that target/support patterns should serve the immediate interests of the intervener. We tested the reciprocity and direct benefits hypotheses by exploring third-party interventions in play fighting among littermates of domestic dogs. Interveners in dyadic play did not preferentially target or support preferred playmates of the intervener. Interveners targeted the dog in the losing role at the time of the intervention, and they did not show reciprocity in support. Taken together, these last two findings suggest that littermates benefit directly and use interventions opportunistically to practise offence behaviours directed at littermates already behaving subordinately. Opportunities to practise targeting in a playful setting may help structure dominance relationships among littermates. Additionally, the tendency for puppies to do what the other is doing (target the dog in the losing role) may pave the way for synchronizing cooperative behaviours during group hunting and territorial defence. The types of behaviours used to intervene changed over development, but the outcome following an intervention remained stable. |
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0003-3472 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5090 |
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| Author |
Detto, T.; Jennions, M. D.; Backwell, P. R. Y. |
| Title |
When and Why Do Territorial Coalitions Occur? Experimental Evidence from a Fiddler Crab |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
The American Naturalist |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am Nat |
| Volume |
175 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
E119-E125 |
| Keywords |
coalitions, cooperation, dear enemy, fiddler crabs, fighting, territoriality. |
| Abstract |
Neighboring territory owners are often less aggressive toward each other than to strangers (“dear enemy” effect). There is, however, little evidence for territorial defense coalitions whereby a neighbor will temporarily leave his/her own territory, enter that of a neighbor, and cooperate in repelling a conspecific intruder. This is surprising, as theoreticians have long posited the existence of such coalitions and the circumstances under which they should evolve. Here we document territorial defense coalitions in the African fiddler crab Uca annulipes, which lives in large colonies wherein each male defends a burrow and its surrounding area against neighbors and “floaters” (burrowless males). Fights between a resident and a floater sometimes involve another male who has left his territory to fight the floater challenging his neighbor. Using simple experiments, we provide the first evidence of the rules determining when territorial coalitions form. Our results support recent models that suggest that these coalitions arise from by‐product mutualism. |
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doi: 10.1086/651588 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5112 |
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| Author |
Sankey, C.; Richard-Yris, M.-A.; Henry, S.; Fureix, C.; Nassur, F.; Hausberger, M. |
| Title |
Reinforcement as a mediator of the perception of humans by horses (Equus caballus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
13 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
753-764-764 |
| Keywords |
Perception of humans – Human/animal relationship – Positive reinforcement – Negative reinforcement – Equus caballus |
| Abstract |
A central question in the interspecific human/animal relationship is how domestic animals perceive humans as a significant element of their environment. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the use of positive or negative reinforcement in horse training may have consequences on the animals’ perception of humans, as a positive, negative or neutral element. Two groups of ponies were trained to walk backwards in response to a vocal order using either positive or negative reinforcement. Heart rate monitors and behavioural observations were used to assess the animals’ perception of humans on the short (just after training) and long (5 months later) terms. The results showed that the type of reinforcement had a major effect on the subsequent animals’ perception of familiar and unfamiliar humans. Negative reinforcement was rapidly associated with an increased emotional state, as revealed by heart rate measurements and behavioural observations (head movements and ears laid back position). Its use led the ponies to seek less contact with humans. On the contrary, ponies trained with positive reinforcement showed an increased interest in humans and sought contact after training. This is especially remarkable as it was reached in a maximum of 5 sessions of 1 to 3 min (i.e. 5 to 15 min) and had lasting effects (visible after 5 months). Even learning was positively influenced by positive reinforcement. Overall, horses seem capable of associating humans to particular experiences and display extended long-term memory abilities. |
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Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
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| ISSN |
1435-9448 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5175 |
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| Author |
Bonanni, R.; Cafazzo, S.; Valsecchi, P.; Natoli, E. |
| Title |
Effect of affiliative and agonistic relationships on leadership behaviour in free-ranging dogs |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
79 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
981-991 |
| Keywords |
affiliative relationship; agonistic dominance; Canis lupus familiaris; consensus costs; consensus decisions; domestic dog; formal dominance; individual variation in leadership |
| Abstract |
Consensus decisions about the nature and timing of group activities allow animals to maintain group cohesiveness, but also entail costs because individuals often differ with respect to their optimal activity budgets. Two mechanisms whereby animals reach a consensus include ‘consistent leadership’, in which a single dominant individual makes the decision, and ‘variable leadership’ in which several group members contribute to the decision outcome. Sharing of consensus decisions is expected to reduce consensus costs to most group members. Both patterns are thought to emerge from the complexity of social relationships of group members. We investigated the distribution of leadership during group departures in two packs of free-ranging dogs, Canis lupus familiaris, and tested how its distribution between individuals was affected by dominance rank-related affiliative and agonistic relationships. Although leadership was not entirely concentrated on a single group member, both packs had a limited number of habitual leaders. In the largest pack, the pattern of leadership changed from ‘variable’ to nearly ‘consistent’ after its size had shrunk. Habitual leaders were usually old and high-ranking individuals. However, high-ranking dogs that received affiliative submissions in greeting ceremonies were more likely to lead than dominant dogs receiving submissions only in agonistic contexts. During resting times, habitual followers associated more closely with habitual leaders than with other followers. These results suggest that in social species collective movements may arise from the effort of subordinates to maintain close proximity with specific valuable social partners. |
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0003-3472 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5177 |
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| Author |
Packer, C; Heinsohn, R. |
| Title |
Response:Lioness leadership |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
271 |
Issue |
5253 |
Pages |
1215-1216 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior; Animal; Cooperative Behavior; Female; Lions/*psychology; Territoriality |
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| ISSN |
0036-8075 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Jahn1996 |
Serial |
2072 |
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| Author |
Gary C. Jahn; Craig Packer,Robert Heinsohn |
| Title |
Lioness leadership |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
271 |
Issue |
5253 |
Pages |
1216-1219 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior; Animal; Cooperative Behavior; Female; Lions/*psychology; Territoriality |
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0036-8075 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Jahn1996 |
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2073 |
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| Author |
Grubb, T.L.; Foreman, J.H.; Benson, G.J.; Thurmon, J.C.; Tranquilli, W.J.; Constable, P.D.; Olson, W.O.; Davis, L.E. |
| Title |
Hemodynamic effects of calcium gluconate administered to conscious horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Vet Intern Med |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
401-404 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Blood Pressure/drug effects/physiology; Calcium/blood; Calcium Gluconate/administration & dosage/*pharmacology; Cardiac Output/drug effects/physiology; Consciousness/*physiology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Heart Rate/drug effects/physiology; Hemodynamic Processes/*drug effects/physiology; Horses/blood/*physiology; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Myocardial Contraction/drug effects/physiology; Respiration/drug effects/physiology; Stroke Volume/drug effects/physiology; Time Factors |
| Abstract |
Calcium gluconate was administered to conscious horses at 3 different rates (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg/min for 15 minutes each). Serum calcium concentrations and parameters of cardiovascular function were evaluated. All 3 calcium administration rates caused marked increases in both ionized and total calcium concentrations, cardiac index, stroke index, and cardiac contractility (dP/dtmax). Mean arterial pressure and right atrial pressure were unchanged; heart rate decreased markedly during calcium administration. Ionized calcium concentration remained between 54% and 57% of total calcium concentration throughout the study. We conclude that calcium gluconate can safely be administered to conscious horses at 0.1 to 0.4 mg/kg/min and that administration will result in improved cardiac function. |
| Address |
Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA |
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English |
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0891-6640 |
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| Notes |
PMID:8947873 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
97 |
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| Author |
McCutcheon, L.J.; Geor, R.J. |
| Title |
Influence of training on sweating responses during submaximal exercise in horses |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Physiol |
| Volume |
89 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
2463-2471 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Body Fluids/metabolism; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Environment; Female; Horses/*physiology; Ions; Male; Motor Activity/*physiology; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Conditioning, Animal/*physiology; Sweat/chemistry; Sweating/*physiology; Time Factors |
| Abstract |
Sweating responses were examined in five horses during a standardized exercise test (SET) in hot conditions (32-34 degrees C, 45-55% relative humidity) during 8 wk of exercise training (5 days/wk) in moderate conditions (19-21 degrees C, 45-55% relative humidity). SETs consisting of 7 km at 50% maximal O(2) consumption, determined 1 wk before training day (TD) 0, were completed on a treadmill set at a 6 degrees incline on TD0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. Mean maximal O(2) consumption, measured 2 days before each SET, increased 19% [TD0 to 42: 135 +/- 5 (SE) to 161 +/- 4 ml. kg(-1). min(-1)]. Peak sweating rate (SR) during exercise increased on TD14, 28, 42, and 56 compared with TD0, whereas SRs and sweat losses in recovery decreased by TD28. By TD56, end-exercise rectal and pulmonary artery temperature decreased by 0.9 +/- 0.1 and 1.2 +/- 0.1 degrees C, respectively, and mean change in body mass during the SET decreased by 23% (TD0: 10.1 +/- 0.9; TD56: 7.7 +/- 0.3 kg). Sweat Na(+) concentration during exercise decreased, whereas sweat K(+) concentration increased, and values for Cl(-) concentration in sweat were unchanged. Moderate-intensity training in cool conditions resulted in a 1.6-fold increase in sweating sensitivity evident by 4 wk and a 0.7 +/- 0.1 degrees C decrease in sweating threshold after 8 wk during exercise in hot, dry conditions. Altered sweating responses contributed to improved heat dissipation during exercise and a lower end-exercise core temperature. Despite higher SRs for a given core temperature during exercise, decreases in recovery SRs result in an overall reduction in sweat fluid losses but no change in total sweat ion losses after training. |
| Address |
Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1. jmccutch@uoguelph.ca |
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English |
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| ISSN |
8750-7587 |
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| Notes |
PMID:11090603 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1922 |
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| Author |
Wilhelm, W.E.; Anderson, J.H. |
| Title |
Vahlkampfia lobospinosa (Craig. 1912) Craig. 1913: rediscovery of a coprozoic ameba |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1971 |
Publication |
The Journal of Parasitology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Parasitol |
| Volume |
57 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1378-1379 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Cattle; Ecology; Feces/microbiology; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Protozoan Infections/epidemiology; *Protozoan Infections, Animal; Sarcodina/*classification/growth & development; Swine; Swine Diseases/epidemiology; Tennessee |
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English |
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0022-3395 |
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| Notes |
PMID:5157177 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2724 |
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