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Author |
Henderson, A.J.Z. |
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Title |
Don't fence me in: managing psychological well being for elite performance horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science : JAAWS |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci. |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue  |
4 |
Pages |
309-329 |
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Keywords |
*Animal Husbandry; Animal Welfare; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Horses/*psychology; *Physical Conditioning, Animal; *Stereotyped Behavior |
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Abstract |
This article posits that stereotypical behavior patterns and the overall psychological well being of today's performance horse could be substantially enhanced with care that acknowledges the relationship between domesticated horses and their forerunners. Feral horses typically roam in stable, social groups over large grazing territories, spending 16-20 hr per day foraging on mid- to poor-quality roughage. In contrast, today's elite show horses live in relatively small stalls, eat a limited-but rich-diet at specific feedings, and typically live in social isolation. Although the horse has been domesticated for more than 6000 years, there has been no selection for an equid who no longer requires an outlet for these natural behaviors. Using equine stereotypies as a welfare indicator, this researcher proposes that the psychological well being of today's performance horse is compromised. Furthermore, the article illustrates how minimal management changes can enhance horses' well being while still remaining compatible with the requirements of the sport-horse industry. The article discusses conclusions in terms of Fraser, Weary, Pajor, and Milligan's “integrative welfare model” (1997). |
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Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. zamoyska@shaw.ca |
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English |
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ISSN |
1088-8705 |
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Notes |
PMID:17970632 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4363 |
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Author |
Kaseda, Y.; Ogawa, H.; Khalil, A.M. |
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Title |
Causes of natal dispersal and emigration and their effects on harem formation in Misaki feral horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
29 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
262-266 |
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Keywords |
Age Factors; Animal Migration; Animals; Animals, Wild; *Behavior, Animal/physiology; Female; Horses/*physiology/psychology; Male; Reproduction; Seasons; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior |
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Abstract |
Misaki feral horses were separated into 2 herds and the difference between dispersal from natal group (natal dispersal) and dispersal from natal area (natal emigration) was studied. The causes of dispersal and emigration and their effects on harem formation were studied 1979-1994. The number of horses ranged from 73 (mature males: 8, mature females: 26, young males: 8, young females: 3, colt foals: 6, filly foals: 10 and geldings: 12) in 1979 and 86 (mature males: 14, mature females: 37, young males: 12, young females: 7, colt foals: 5, filly foals: 7 and geldings: 4) in 1994 when the present study ended. All 29 males which survived to age 4 years and 58 females which survived to age 3 years left their natal or mother groups at age one to 3. Seventeen of 22 dispersing males and 29 of 39 dispersing females left their natal groups around the birth of their siblings and significant correlations were found between natal dispersal and birth of a sibling. The number of emigrating young males correlated negatively and significantly with the total number of young males in another herd and the number of emigrating young females correlated positively and significantly with the total number of young females in the natal herd. All 13 emigrating stallions which survived to age 5 years formed stable harem groups and a significant correlation was found between natal emigration and harem formation. Twenty-three of 35 resident mares formed stable consort relations with harem stallions and a significant correlation was found between residence and formation of stable consort relations. |
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Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki-shi, 889-21, Japan |
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ISSN |
0425-1644 |
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Notes |
PMID:15338905 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4630 |
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Author |
Plotnik, J.M.; de Waal, F.B.M.; Reiss, D. |
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Title |
Self-recognition in an Asian elephant |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
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Volume |
103 |
Issue |
45 |
Pages |
17053-17057 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Asia; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; Elephants/*psychology; Female; Photic Stimulation |
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Abstract |
Considered an indicator of self-awareness, mirror self-recognition (MSR) has long seemed limited to humans and apes. In both phylogeny and human ontogeny, MSR is thought to correlate with higher forms of empathy and altruistic behavior. Apart from humans and apes, dolphins and elephants are also known for such capacities. After the recent discovery of MSR in dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), elephants thus were the next logical candidate species. We exposed three Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) to a large mirror to investigate their responses. Animals that possess MSR typically progress through four stages of behavior when facing a mirror: (i) social responses, (ii) physical inspection (e.g., looking behind the mirror), (iii) repetitive mirror-testing behavior, and (iv) realization of seeing themselves. Visible marks and invisible sham-marks were applied to the elephants' heads to test whether they would pass the litmus “mark test” for MSR in which an individual spontaneously uses a mirror to touch an otherwise imperceptible mark on its own body. Here, we report a successful MSR elephant study and report striking parallels in the progression of responses to mirrors among apes, dolphins, and elephants. These parallels suggest convergent cognitive evolution most likely related to complex sociality and cooperation. |
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Address |
Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Department of Psychology, Emory University, 532 North Kligo Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA |
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ISSN |
0027-8424 |
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Notes |
PMID:17075063 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
408 |
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Author |
Galdikas, B.M. |
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Title |
Orangutan tool use |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1989 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
243 |
Issue |
4888 |
Pages |
152 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; *Hominidae; Humans; *Pongo pygmaeus |
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English |
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ISSN |
0036-8075 |
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Notes |
PMID:2911726 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2847 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A. |
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Title |
Why horse behaviour is important to the equine clinician |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
386-387 |
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Keywords |
Accidents, Occupational/prevention & control; Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal/physiology; Clinical Competence; Fear; Horses/*physiology; Humans; Veterinarians/psychology; Veterinary Medicine/*standards |
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Address |
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-6401, USA |
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0425-1644 |
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Notes |
PMID:16986596 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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30 |
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Author |
Flack, J.C.; de Waal, F.B.M.; Krakauer, D.C. |
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Title |
Social structure, robustness, and policing cost in a cognitively sophisticated species |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
The American Naturalist |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am Nat |
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Volume |
165 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
E126-139 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; Conflict (Psychology); Female; Macaca nemestrina/*physiology; Male; Models, Biological; *Social Behavior |
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Abstract |
Conflict management is one of the primary requirements for social complexity. Of the many forms of conflict management, one of the rarest and most interesting is third-party policing, or intervening impartially to control conflict. Third-party policing should be hard to evolve because policers personally pay a cost for intervening, while the benefits are diffused over the whole group. In this study we investigate the incidence and costs of policing in a primate society. We report quantitative evidence of non-kin policing in the nonhuman primate, the pigtailed macaque. We find that policing is effective at reducing the intensity of or terminating conflict when performed by the most powerful individuals. We define a measure, social power consensus, that predicts effective low-cost interventions by powerful individuals and ineffective, relatively costly interventions by low-power individuals. Finally, we develop a simple probabilistic model to explore whether the degree to which policing can effectively reduce the societal cost of conflict is dependent on variance in the distribution of power. Our data and simple model suggest that third-party policing effectiveness and cost are dependent on power structure and might emerge only in societies with high variance in power. |
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Address |
Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, USA. jflack@santafe.edu |
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ISSN |
1537-5323 |
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PMID:15795848 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
168 |
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Author |
Boice, R. |
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Title |
Behavioral comparability of wild and domesticated rats |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1981 |
Publication |
Behavior Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav Genet |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
545-553 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Female; Genetics, Behavioral; Intelligence; Learning; Male; Rats/*genetics |
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Abstract |
The oft-repeated concern for the lack of behavioral comparability of domestic rats with wild forms of Rattus norvegicus is unfounded. Laboratory rats appear to show the potential for all wild-type behaviors, including the most dramatic social postures. Moreover, domestics are capable of assuming a feral existence without difficulty, one where they readily behave in a fashion indistinguishable from wild rats. The one behavioral difference that is clearly established concerns performance in laboratory learning paradigms. The superiority of domestics in these laboratory tasks speaks more to quieting the concerns of degeneracy theorists than to problems of using domestic Norway rats as subjects representative of their species. |
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0001-8244 |
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PMID:7325955 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4144 |
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Author |
Gilbert, B.K.; Hailman, J.P. |
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Title |
Uncertainty of leadership-rank in fallow deer |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1966 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
209 |
Issue |
5027 |
Pages |
1041-1042 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Artiodactyla; *Behavior, Animal; Female; *Leadership; Pregnancy |
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0028-0836 |
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PMID:5927524 |
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2057 |
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Author |
Williams, N. |
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Title |
Evolutionary psychologists look for roots of cognition |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
275 |
Issue |
5296 |
Pages |
29-30 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Birds; *Cognition; *Evolution; Female; Humans; Macaca mulatta/psychology; Male; Memory; Reward; *Social Sciences |
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0036-8075 |
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PMID:8999531 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2845 |
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Author |
Pennisi, E. |
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Title |
Are out primate cousins 'conscious'? |
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1999 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
284 |
Issue |
5423 |
Pages |
2073-2076 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cebus; *Consciousness; Empathy; Humans; Instinct; Intelligence; Learning; *Mental Processes; Pan troglodytes; *Primates |
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0036-8075 |
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PMID:10409060 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2843 |
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