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Author Dugatkin, L.A.; Godin, J.-G.J.
Title Female mate copying in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata): age-dependent effects Type Journal Article
Year 1993 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.
Volume 4 Issue (down) 4 Pages 289-292
Keywords mate choice, copying, guppy, Poecilia reticulata
Abstract Virtually all studies of mate choice to date have assumed that females choose mates independent of one another. Social cues, however, such as the mate choice of conspecifics, may also play an important role in such decisions. Previous work has shown that female guppies of similar age copy each other's choice of mates. Here we examine the effect of relative age on mate choice copying in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata, and examine whether younger individuals are more likely to copy the mate choice of older conspecifics than vice versa. Results indicate that younger females copy the mate choice of older females, but older individuals do not appear to be influenced by the mate choice of younger individuals.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2181
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Author McGlone, J.J.; Hicks, T.A.
Title Teaching standard agricultural practices that are known to be painful Type Journal Article
Year 1993 Publication Journal of Animal Science Abbreviated Journal J. Anim Sci.
Volume 71 Issue (down) 4 Pages 1071-1074
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2933
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Author McCall, C.A.; Salters, M.A.; Simpson, S.M.
Title Relationship between number of conditioning trials per training session and avoidance learning in horses Type Journal Article
Year 1993 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 36 Issue (down) 4 Pages 291-299
Keywords Horse; Learning; Avoidance conditioning
Abstract Sixteen horses were used to determine if number of trials given per training session (5, 10, 15 or 20) affected learning performance in an avoidance conditioning task. The horse had to move from one side of a test pen to the other during an auditory cue presentation to avoid aversive stimulation. A pen 8 mx3.6 m, divided into two equal sections by a 13-cm diameter plastic pipe lying on the ground, was used as the test pen. Painted plywood panels were fastened to the fence in half the pen to help horses distinguish visually between the two parts. A 10-s auditory cue was used as a signal for horses to move from one side of the test pen to the other. A 20-s intertrial interval was used. Training sessions were conducted every third day. Each trial was recorded as an avoidance (the horse completed the task during auditory cue presentation and avoided aversive stimulus) or an error (the horse received aversive stimulus). After completing ten consecutive avoidances (criterion), the horse was removed from the study. Numbers of training sessions, trials, avoidances and errors until reaching criterion were recorded for each horse. Horses varied greatly within these variables with ranges of 3-18 sessions, 37-121 trials, 20-68 avoidances and 17-53 errors to criterion. No differences were detected (P>0.05) in the number of conditioning trials per training session (treatment) for the mean number of trials, avoidances or errors to criterion. Number of training sessions to criterion differed (P<0.01) among treatments, indicating that an optimum number of learning trials per training session might exist. Mean sessions to criterion for horses receiving 5, 10, 15 and 20 trials per session were 15.1+/-1.3, 5.8+/-1.1, 5.3+/-1.1 and 4.6+/-1.1, respectively. Regression analysis indicated that 16.2 trials per training session would minimize number of sessions to criterion. Although it is widely assumed that learning efficiency in horses is decreased when intense activity is concentrated into a small number of sessions, these results indicate that moderate repetition of training activities is needed for efficient learning.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3686
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Author Mal, M.E.; McCall, C.A.; Newland, C.; Cummins, K.A.
Title Evaluation of a one-trial learning apparatus to test learning ability in weanling horses Type Journal Article
Year 1993 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 35 Issue (down) 4 Pages 305-311
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Abstract Fourteen Arabian foals were used to determine if a one-trial appetitive conditioning task, developed for laboratory rats, could be adapted for use in equine learning research. The learning apparatus consisted of a 1.5 m x 0.6 m wooden grid containing 40 compartments. Seven foals received a complete learning test which consisted of placing a foal in a pen with the learning apparatus on one wall, recording the foal's behavior for 5 min and then placing a food reinforcer in a target compartment (TC). After location of the food, the foal's behavior was recorded for an additional 5 min. Total visits made to the apparatus and compartments visited by the foal were recorded. The remaining seven foals received a test in which no reinforcer was placed in the TC. These foals were re-tested the next day with reinforcement. After location of the food reinforcer, all foals exhibited more visits to the apparatus, visits to the TC, visits one compartment from the TC, and visits greater than one and less than or equal to two compartments from the TC (P<0.05). Mean distance of visits from the TC decreased after location of the reinforcer (P<0.05). Increased frequency of visits to the apparatus and concentration of visits around the TC after finding the reinforcer suggest that foals had learned the location of the reinforcer. Results suggest that a one-trial appetitive conditioning test may be applicable in equine learning research.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3688
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Author Stadler, P.; Rewel, A.; Deegen, E.
Title [M-mode echocardiography in dressage horses, class S jumping horses and untrained horses] Type Journal Article
Year 1993 Publication Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe A Abbreviated Journal Zentralbl Veterinarmed A
Volume 40 Issue (down) 4 Pages 292-306
Keywords Animals; Echocardiography/*veterinary; Female; Heart Septum/ultrasonography; Heart Ventricles/ultrasonography; Horses/*anatomy & histology; Male; *Physical Conditioning, Animal; Reference Values
Abstract Heart structures of 45 warmblooded horses were measured by M-mode-echocardiography. The current training level of 15 dressage horses (group I) and 15 show-jumping horses (group II) was category “S”. In the third group were 15 untrained horses. Four standardized transducer positions were determined for the m-mode echobeam, calibrated according to the two-dimensional real time technique. End systolic and end diastolic diameters of left ventricle, right ventricle, aortic root, interventricular septum and left ventricular wall, as well as motion pattern of heart wall, mitral valve and aortic valve of all horses were measured. The dressage horses showed a significant thickening of interventricular septum and left-ventricular wall compared with the show-jumping horses and the untrained horses. The end diastolic left ventricle diameter of the show-jumping horses was significantly larger than in the other groups. Compared to the untrained horses the show-jumping horses showed a significantly larger end systolic left ventricular wall diameter measured at the level of papillary muscle. It can be concluded, that an increase in heart mass in category “S” sport horses is attributed to their level of training.
Address Klinik fur Pferde der Tierarztlichen Hochschule Hannover
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Language German Summary Language Original Title Die M-mode-Echokardiographie bei S-Dressur-, S-Springpferden und bei untrainierten Pferden
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 0514-7158 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:8342361 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3749
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Author Barton, R.A.; Whiten, A.
Title Feeding competition among female olive baboons, Papio anubis Type Journal Article
Year 1993 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 46 Issue (down) 4 Pages 777-789
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Abstract Abstract. Competition for food is thought to play a key role in the social organization of group-living female primates, leading to the prediction that individual foraging success will be partly regulated by dominance relationships. Among adult females in a group of free-ranging olive baboons, dominance rank was significantly correlated with nutrient acquisition rates (feeding rates and daily intakes), but not with dietary diversity or quality, nor with activity budgets. The mean daily food intake of the three highest-ranking females was 30% greater than that of the three lowest-ranking females, providing an explanation for relationships between female rank and fertility found in a number of other studies of group-living primates. The intensity of feeding competition, as measured by supplant rates and spatial clustering of individuals, increased during the dry season, a period of low food availability, seemingly because foods eaten then were more clumped in distribution than those eaten in the wet season. Implications for models of female social structure and maximum group size are discussed.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4258
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Author Barton, R.A.
Title Sociospatial mechanisms of feeding competition in female olive baboons, Papio anubis Type Journal Article
Year 1993 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 46 Issue (down) 4 Pages 791-802
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Abstract Abstract. Social and spatial mechanisms of feeding competition among adult female olive baboons were studied in two free-ranging groups, one foraging for natural foods, and one that was being provisioned. Similar behavioural processes were found to underlie rank-related differences in food intake in the two situations. Dominance rank of females in the naturally foraging group was positively correlated with the rate at which other animals were supplanted from feeding sites, the ratio of supplants of others to supplants received, and the number of near neighbours while feeding on clumped foods. It is unlikely that the latter result was due to rank-related differences in matriline size, because no significant correlations between rank and neighbour density were found for non-feeding activities. Step-wise regression analysis indicated that both number of neighbours and the supplant ratio explained significant proportions of inter-individual variance in daily food intake, though only the supplant ratio contributed significantly to feeding rate. High-ranking females also had priority of access to feeding sites within trees, and competition was most intense for foods that were spatially clumped. Similarly, in the provisioned group, rank was correlated with the rate at which supplants were received, and with spatial indices estimating centrality and the area of unoccupied space around an individual. Over 99% of the inter-individual variance in feeding rate was explained in a step-wise regression with supplant rates and spatial indices as independent variables. It is concluded that both active supplanting and individuals' spatial positions within the group mediate rank-related differences in food intake.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4259
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Author Herbert, T.B.; Cohen, S.
Title Stress and immunity in humans: a meta-analytic review Type Journal Article
Year 1993 Publication Psychosomatic Medicine Abbreviated Journal
Volume 55 Issue (down) 4 Pages
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Abstract : This article presents a meta-analysis of the literature on stress and immunity in humans. The primary analyses include all relevant studies irrespective of the measure or manipulation of stress. The results of these analyses show substantial evidence for a relation between stress and decreases in functional immune measures (proliferative response to mitogens and natural killer cell activity). Stress is also related to numbers and percent of circulating white blood cells, immunoglobulin levels, and antibody titers to herpesviruses. Subsequent analyses suggest that objective stressful events are related to larger immune changes than subjective self-reports of stress, that immune response varies with stressor duration, and that interpersonal events are related to different immune outcomes than nonsocial events. We discuss the way neuroendocrine mechanisms and health practices might explain immune alteration following stress, and outline issues that need to be investigated in this area. Copyright (C) 1993 by American Psychosomatic Society
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ISSN 0033-3174 ISBN Medium
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ 00006842-199307000-00004 Serial 5995
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Author Byrne, R.W.
Title Do larger brains mean greater intelligence? Type Journal Article
Year 1993 Publication Behavioral and Brain Sciences Abbreviated Journal Behav. Brain Sci.
Volume 16 Issue (down) 4 Pages 696-697
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Publisher Cambridge University Press Place of Publication Editor
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ISSN 1469-1825 ISBN Medium
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6171
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Author Genov, P.W.; Kostava, V.
Title Untersuchungen zur zahlenmäßigen Stärke des Wolfes und seiner Einwirkung auf die Haustierbestände in Bulgarien Type Journal Article
Year 1993 Publication Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaft Abbreviated Journal
Volume 39 Issue (down) 4 Pages 217-223
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Abstract Die Untersuchung wurde in der Zeitspanne von 1984 bis 1988 durchgeführt. Es wurden die Protokolle des Staatlichen Versicherungsinstituts benutzt, die Angaben für Raubüberfälle von Wölfen auf Haustiere beinhalten (Tabelle 1). Außerdem wurden Angaben über die während dieser Zeitspanne erlegten Wölfe zusammengefaßt. Die Abschußzahlen lauten: 1984 – 163, 1985 – 147, 1986 – 179, 1987 – 211 und 1988 – 220 Tiere. Die Anzahl der in den einzelnen Gebirgen lebenden Wölfe wurde nach einer Umfrage festgestellt. Für die in Betracht kommenden Gebirge werden folgende Bestandszahlen angenommen: Rhodopen -- 60-80 Individuen, 189 bis 264 km2 pro Tier, Rila- und Piringebirge -- 60-80 Tiere, 109 bis 145 km2 pro Tier, Ossogowo-Belassiza Gebirgssystem -- 40-50 Individuen, 57-70 km2 pro Tier, West- und Mittelbalkan -- 35-38 Wölfe, 200 km2 pro Tier. Dazu kommen noch 10-15 Wölfe im Flußbecken von Beli Lom und etwa 20 Exemplare in Strandscha- und Sakargebirge. Insgesamt lebten in Bulgarien im Jahre 1988 etwa 260-330 Wölfe (Abb. 1).
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ISSN 1439-0574 ISBN Medium
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Genov1993 Serial 6686
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