| Records |
| Author |
Edwards, P. J.; Hollis, S. |
| Title |
The Distribution of Excreta on New Forest Grassland Used by Cattle, Ponies and Deer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
The Journal of Applied Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Ecol |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue  |
3 |
Pages |
953-964 |
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| Abstract |
(1) The distribution of excreta on areas of reseeded grassland in the New Forest used by free-ranging cattle, ponies and fallow deer was shown to be non-random. Distinct latrine areas were recognized where the faeces of all three herbivore species were concentrated, and where the majority of urinations occurred. The mosaic of latrine and non-latrine areas can be detected in aerial photographs in which non-latrine areas appear as light-grey patches set in a matrix of the dark grey latrine areas. During the 3 years of the study the position of the mosaic proved to be relatively stable. (2) The latrine areas were characterized by an uneven sward about 50 mm tall with abundant thistles (Cirsium spp.) and ragwort (Senecio jacobaea). Non-latrine areas had an even and very closely cropped sward between 10 and 20 mm tall. Soil chemical analysis of the two kinds of area revealed significantly higher levels of exchangeable potassium in latrine areas, and on one site significantly higher levels of magnesium and organic matter. No significant differences were detected in soil reaction, nor in phosphorus or calcium levels. (3) Observations of grazing animals revealed a tendency, at all times of year, for ponies to avoid grazing in latrine areas. In winter and spring this tendency was very slight, but from midsummer until late autumn a substantial majority of grazing ponies were to be found in non-latrine areas. In contrast, only 2% of the cattle observations made over a period of 20 months were of animals grazing in non-latrine areas. (4) The standing crop of dung and the rate of dung production on the two kinds of area were monitored for 12 months on one lawn. The amount of pony dung produced on non-latrine areas was only 16.5% of that in latrine areas, while for cattle the corresponding value was 28.7%. It is argued that the observed pattern has been created by selective grazing and eliminatory behaviour of the ponies, and that the excreta of cattle and deer are largely confined to pony latrine areas because these animals are unable to graze the very short herbage of non-latrine areas. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2287 |
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| Author |
Tobin, T.; Combie, J.D. |
| Title |
Performance testing in horses: a review of the role of simple behavioral models in the design of performance experiments |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Vet Pharmacol Ther |
| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
105-118 |
| Keywords |
Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology; Animals; Apomorphine/pharmacology; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fentanyl/pharmacology; Horses/*physiology; Methylphenidate/pharmacology; *Models, Biological; Motor Activity/drug effects |
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0140-7783 |
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PMID:6125601 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1957 |
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| Author |
Donnelly, J.; Phipps, L.P.; Watkins, K.L. |
| Title |
Evidence of maternal antibodies to Babesia equi and B caballi in foals of seropositive mares |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
126-128 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Antibodies/*analysis; Babesia/*immunology; Complement Fixation Tests; Female; Horses/*immunology; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; Male; Time Factors |
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0425-1644 |
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PMID:7084196 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2280 |
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| Author |
Eberhardt, L.L.; Majorowicz, A. K.; Wilcox,J. A. |
| Title |
Apparent Rates of Increase for Two Feral Horse Herds |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
The Journal of Wildlife Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
46 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
367-374 |
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| Abstract |
Rates of increase for 2 Oregon feral horse (Equus caballus) herds were estimated from direct aerial counts to be about 20% per year. These rates can be achieved only if survival rates are high, and reproduction exceeds that normally expected from horses. A population dynamics model suggests adult survival to be the key parameter in determining rates of increase, and there is some direct evidence of high adult survival rates. Management implications are discussed. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2286 |
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| Author |
Gonzalez-Fernandez, J.M.; Atta, S.E. |
| Title |
Facilitated transport of oxygen in the presence of membranes in the diffusion path |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Biophysical Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biophys J |
| Volume |
38 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
133-141 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Membrane/*metabolism; Diffusion; Dogs; Horses; Humans; Kinetics; Mathematics; *Models, Biological; Muscles/*metabolism; Oxygen/*metabolism |
| Abstract |
Most of the experimental observations on facilitated transport have been done with millipore filters, and all the theoretical studies have assumed homogeneous spatial properties. In striated muscle there exist membranes that may impede the diffusion of the carrier myoglobin. In this paper a theoretical study is undertaken to analyze the transport in the presence of membranes in the diffusion path. For the numerical computations physiologically relevant values of the parameters were chosen. The numerical results indicate that the presence of membranes tends to decrease the facilitation. For the nonlinear chemical kinetics of the reaction of oxygen with the carrier, this decrement also depends on the location of the membranes. At the higher oxygen concentration side of each membrane the flow of combined oxygen is transferred to the flow of dissolved oxygen. The reverse process occurs at the lower concentration side. Jump discontinuities of the concentration of the oxygen-carrier compound at each membrane are associated with these transfers. The decrement of facilitation is due to the cumulative effect of these jump discontinuities. |
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0006-3495 |
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PMID:7093418 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3806 |
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| Author |
Stahl, F.; Dorner, G. |
| Title |
Responses of salivary cortisol levels to stress-situations |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Endokrinologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Endokrinologie |
| Volume |
80 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
158-162 |
| Keywords |
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/diagnostic use; Anxiety Disorders/metabolism; Circadian Rhythm; Cushing Syndrome/metabolism; Fear/physiology; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone/*metabolism; Male; Pain/metabolism; Pregnancy; Saliva/*metabolism; Stress/*metabolism |
| Abstract |
A procedure is described for determining salivary cortisol levels by a competitive protein-binding assay using horse transcortin. The collection of saliva was performed by means of filter paper-strips. Filter paper samples are more than 5 days stable after air-drying. In this form, the samples could be stored without refrigerator or deep-freezer and, if necessary, sent by post to the laboratory without any special precaution. Stressful situation of either painful or anxious origin were associated with an adequate increase of salivary cortisol levels. The increases were 157 to 230% of the initial or normal values dependent on the kind of stress. The mean values in 4 cases of Cushing's syndrome were 380% and 1 hour after 25 I.U. ACTH 690% higher than those in normal persons. In normal persons, a well-defined circadian rhythm has been observed. |
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0013-7251 |
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PMID:6297880 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
4056 |
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| Author |
Alexander, F. |
| Title |
Effect of phenylbutazone on electrolyte metabolism in ponies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
The Veterinary record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
| Volume |
110 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
271-272 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Chlorides/metabolism; Electrolytes/*metabolism; Horses/*metabolism; Male; Phenylbutazone/*pharmacology; Sodium/metabolism |
| Abstract |
Phenylbutazone administered in therapeutic doses to ponies decreased urinary sodium and chloride excretion. The volume and osmolality of the urine was unaffected as was potassium excretion. Faecal excretion of chloride decreased and that of potassium increased, while faecal sodium excretion was unaffected. Plasma pH, bicarbonate and total carbon dioxide decreased after phenylbutazone administration. Packed cell volume, plasma sodium, potassium, carbon dioxide tension and chloride were unchanged. |
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0042-4900 |
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PMID:7080416 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
109 |
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| Author |
Klimov, V.; Orlov, V.M. |
| Title |
Current status and problems of conservation of Przewalski's horse (Equus przewalskii). |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
J. Zool., London |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Zool., London |
| Volume |
61 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2329 |
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| Author |
Lobanov, N.V. |
| Title |
Askania-Nova, A 3rd Reservate in the USSR for the breeding of Equus hemionus kulan. |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Zoologichesky Zhurnal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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61 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1856-1861 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2341 |
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| Author |
Steiner, M. |
| Title |
Biomechanics of tendon healing |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of Biomechanics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Biomech |
| Volume |
15 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
951-958 |
| Keywords |
Achilles Tendon/injuries; Animals; Biomechanics; Rats; Tendon Injuries/pathology/*physiopathology; Tensile Strength; Time Factors; *Wound Healing |
| Abstract |
The biomechanics of tendon healing was investigated with unsutured rat achilles tendons. After two, three, and four weeks of healing tensile parameters were assayed with a bone-muscle-tendon-bone preparation elongated to failure at a controlled physiological strain rate. In the third week of healing, stiffness, strength, and energy absorbing capacity all increased approximately 50%. These changes correlated with early fibroplasia. In the fourth week of healing, strength, energy absorbing capacity and elongation to failure all increased relatively more than stiffness. Histologically, larger fibers with better longitudinal alignment developed during this period. At the end of four weeks the tendon's strength was approximately 25% of normal. To summarize, the return of stiffness in a healing tendon preparation correlated with the presence of fibroplasia and the return of other tensile parameters was a function of the amount and organization of the fibroplasia. |
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0021-9290 |
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| Notes |
PMID:7166555 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4448 |
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