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Author | Passilongo, D.; Mattioli, L.; Bassi, E.; Szabó, L.; Apollonio, M. | ||||
Title | Visualizing sound: counting wolves by using a spectral view of the chorus howling | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Frontiers in Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | Front. Zool. |
Volume | 12 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 22 |
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Abstract | Monitoring large carnivores is a central issue in conservation biology. The wolf (Canis lupus) is the most studied large carnivore in the world. After a massive decline and several local extinctions, mostly due to direct persecutions, wolves are now recolonizing many areas of their historical natural range. One of the main monitoring techniques is the howling survey, which is based on the wolves' tendency to use vocalisations to mark territory ownership in response to howls of unknown individuals. In most cases wolf howling sessions are useful for the localisation of the pack, but they provide only an aural estimation of the chorus size. | ||||
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ISSN | 1742-9994 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Passilongo2015 | Serial | 6498 | ||
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Author | Klingel, H. | ||||
Title | Das Verhalten der Pferde (Equidae) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | Publication | Handbook of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | Handb. o. Zool. | |
Volume | 8 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 1-68 |
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Publisher | Walter De Gruyter | Place of Publication | Berlin/Newyork | Editor | |
Language | German English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 473 | ||
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Author | Bennett Dk, | ||||
Title | Stripes do not a zebra make, Part I: A cladistic analysis of Equus | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1980 | Publication | Systematic Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | Syst Zool |
Volume | 29 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 272-287 |
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Notes | from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 932 | |||
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Author | Reader, S.M. | ||||
Title | Innovation and social learning: individual variation and brain evolution | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Animal Biology (formerly Netherlands Journal of Zoology) | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Biol. Leiden. |
Volume | 53 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 147-158 |
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Abstract | This paper reviews behavioural, neurological and cognitive correlates of innovation at the individual, population and species level, focusing on birds and primates. Innovation, new or modified learned behaviour not previously found in the population, is the first stage in many instances of cultural transmission and may play an important role in the lives of animals with generalist or opportunistic lifestyles. Within-species, innovation is associated with low neophobia, high neophilia, and with high social learning propensities. Indices of innovatory propensities can be calculated for taxonomic groups by counting the frequency of reports of innovation in published literature. These innovation rate data provide a useful comparative measure for studies of behavioural flexibility and cognition. Innovation rate is positively correlated with the relative size of association areas in the brain, namely the hyperstriatum ventrale and neostriatum in birds, and the neocortex and striatum in primates. Innovation rate is also positively correlated with the reported variety of tool use, as well as interspecific differences in learning. Current evidence thus suggests similar patterns of cognitive evolution in primates and birds. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3395 | ||
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Author | Alexander, R, MCN et al | ||||
Title | Fast locomotion of some african ungulates | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1977 | Publication | Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | J Zool |
Volume | 183 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 291-300 |
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Abstract | ABSTRACT Ten species of ungulate were filmed, galloping in their natural habitat. They ranged in size from Thomson's gazelle (about 20 kg) to giraffe (about 1000 kg). They were pursued to make them run as fast as possible. The films have been analysed to determine speed, stride frequency, stride and step lengths, and duty factors. The dependence of these quantities on body size is discussed. Summary: Fast locomotion of zebra, giraffe, warthog and seven species of Bovidae has been studied. The animals were filmed from a pursuing vehicle while galloping in their natural habitat. Stride frequency was more closely correlated with limb length (represented by hip height) than with body mass. Mean stride frequency was proportional to (hip height)-0·51 and maximum stride frequency to (hip height) -0·63. Maximum speed was between 10 and 14 m s -1 for all species except buffalo (7 m s -1). It was not significantly correlated with body mass. Since the small species ran at least as fast as the large ones they attained higher Froude numbers. Relative stride length was approximately 1·8 (Froude number)0·39 for all species, irrespective of size. Relative step length was approximately 0·65 (Froude number)0·2, both for the fore feet and for the hind ones. The vertical forces exerted by the feet are proportional to (body weight)×(Froude number)0·2 so the forces at maximum speed are larger multiples of body weight for small species than for large ones. |
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Notes | from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 130 | ||
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Author | Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Harvey, P.H. | ||||
Title | Primates, brains and ecology | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1980 | Publication | Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Zool. Lond. |
Volume | 190 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 309-323 |
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Abstract | The paper examines systematic relationships among primates between brain size (relative to body size) and differences in ecology and social system. Marked differences in relative brain size exist between families. These are correlated with inter-family differences in body size and home range size. Variation in comparative brain size within families is related to diet (folivores have comparatively smaller brains than frugivores), home range size and possibly also to breeding system. The adaptive significance of these relationships is discussed. | ||||
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Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 1469-7998 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5451 | ||
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Author | Mace, G.M.; Harvey, P.H.; Clutton-Brock, T.H. | ||||
Title | Brain size and ecology in small mammals | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1981 | Publication | Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | J Zool |
Volume | 193 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 333-354 |
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Abstract | Relative brain size (measured as gross brain size after body size effects are removed) differs systematically between families of rodents, insectivores and lagomorphs. The Sciuridae have the largest relative brain size, the Soricidae and Bathyergidae the smallest. These results are discussed and compared with previous analyses of relative brain sizes among primates and bats. These differences complicate comparisons between relative brain size across phylogenetically diverse species and attempts to relate differences in relative brain size to ecological variables. To overcome these problems, best fit relationships were estimated for each family, and values for each genus were expressed as deviations from the lines of best fit. We refer to these values as Comparative Brain Size (CBS). Differences in CBS are related to differences in habitat type (forest-dwelling genera have larger CBS' than grassland forms), in diet (folivores have smaller CBS' than generalists or insectivores, frugivores and granivores), in zonation (arboreal genera have larger CBS' than terrestrial ones) and in activity timing (nocturnal genera have larger CBS' than dirurnal ones). However, these ecological categories are interrelated and, when the effects of other ecological differences are taken into account using analyses of variance, only the differences associated with diet, and possibly habitat remain. | ||||
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Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 1469-7998 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5455 | ||
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Author | VanDierendonck, M.C.; de Vries, H.; Schilder, M.B.H. | ||||
Title | An Analysis of Dominance, Its Behavioural Parameters and Possible Determinants in a Herd of Icelandic orses in Captivity | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | Netherlands Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | Netherl. J. Zool. |
Volume | 45 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 362-385 |
Keywords | Dominance; rank order; horses; Icelandic horses. | ||||
Abstract | Th e applicability of the concept of dominance was investigated in a captive herd of  Icelandic horses and  ponies of diff erent breeds. Eight out of  behaviours possibly related to dominance occurred frequently enough to be investigated in detail. For these eight agonistic behaviours the coverage, the unidirectionality in the exchange, and the degree of transitivity (Landau`s linearity index) were calculated. Four off ensive behaviours, together with avoidance, were suitable for further analysis with regard to dominance. Th e patterns of asymmetries with which these behaviours were exchanged were suffi ciently similar as to justify the application of the dominance concept and to construct a (nearly) linear dominance hierarchy. Th e rank order of the castrated stallions was completely linear, the hierarchy of the mares was almost completely linear. Th e results suggest that off ensive and defensive aggressive behaviours should be treated separately and that the concept of dominance is applicable. However, ritualized formal dominance signals between adult horses appear to be (almost) absent. Th e rank positions of the individuals were correlated with age and residency in the herd but not with height. Middle ranking horses tended to be more frequently in the close vicinity of another horse than high ranking or low ranking horses. Over and above this correlation at the individual level, it was found that pairs of horses close in rank to each other were more often also spatially close to each other. Being in oestrus did not infl uence the dominance relationships between mares. For castrated stallions the rank positions were correlated with the age at which they were castrated. Th is suggests that in male horses experience prior to neutering infl uences the behaviour afterwards. |
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 440 | ||
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Author | VanDierendonck, M.C., de Vries, H., Schilder, M.B.H. | ||||
Title | An Analysis of Dominance, Its Behavioural Parameters and Possible Determinants in a Herd of Icelandic horses in captivity | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | Netherlands Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | Netherl. J. Zool. |
Volume | 45 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 362-385 |
Keywords | Dominance; rank order; horses; Icelandic horses. | ||||
Abstract | Feral horses are social animals, which have to rely on survival strategies centered on the formation of cohesive social bonds within their bands. Many problems in the husbandry of social animals such as horses, are due to the fact that the limits of their adaptive abilities are exceeded. Evidence suggests that the fundamental social characteristics of domestic horses have remained relatively unchanged. The social structure, social strategies and social interactions were investigated (3 non-consecutive years, 24 hr per day for several weeks) in long term established groups of domestic horses (mares and geldings of all ages) and a few small introduced groups, kept in (semi)natural environments. The general aim was to investigate the social needs of domestic horses. The social life of domestic horses was characterised by long lasting bonds with preferred partners which were established and maintained by allogrooming, play, proximity and dominance behaviours. Bonding partners were mainly found within the same sex-age group, but adult geldings also bonded with sub-adult mares and geldings. Adult mares were clustered in a group, while the other animals formed a second group. Among the adult mares, subgroups according to reproductive state were formed. Individuals regulated their social network by interfering with interactions between other members of the herd, which in itself is complex. An intervention is a behavioural action of one animal that actively interferes with an ongoing interaction between a dyad with the apparent aim of altering that interaction. This was verified by post-hoc analyses of disturbed and undisturbed interactions. Interventions in allogrooming or play were performed significantly more often when at least one member of the initial dyad was a preferred partner of, or familiar to (within the small introduced bands) the intervener. The stronger the preferred association in allogrooming between the intervener and member(s) of the initial dyad, the higher the probability the intervener would displace one initial member and continue allogrooming with the other. Just five behaviours were extracted which reliably reflected the dominance relations among horses. Aggression with the hind quarters was used both offensively and defensively and therefore not suitable as a reliable parameter. Individual dominance relationships were related to social experience. The implications of these findings for horse husbandry were assessed. It is argued that the execution of affiliative behaviours may be rewarding in itself, and therefore always will be a highly motivated behaviour. It is shown that social positive physical interactions (allogrooming, play) with other horses is an ethological need and therefore indispensable in modern husbandry systems. Ethological needs are so important for the animal that husbandry systems that lack the possibilities to execute such behaviours will cause chronic stress. It is concluded that all horses need physical social contact, and that horses, which lack appropriate social learning experiences during ontogeny, may be hampered in their social functioning later in life. Solutions for problems, including dominance problems, in individual social housing and group housing are presented. | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2368 | ||
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Author | Hogan, J. | ||||
Title | Causation: the study of behavioural mechanisms | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Animal Biology (formerly Netherlands Journal of Zoology) | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 55 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 323-341 |
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Abstract | This paper describes current work on the causal analysis of behaviour systems. It is noted that while causal work investigating the neural, hormonal, and genetic bases of behaviour is flourishing, work being conducted at a strictly behavioural level of analysis has declined greatly over the past 40 years. Nonetheless, most recent research on animal cognition and applied ethology is still being carried out at a behavioural level of analysis and examples of both types of research are presented: memory mechanisms of food-storing birds and decisions of spider-eating jumping spiders, as well as feather pecking in fowl and animal welfare issues, are all briefly discussed. Finally, I discuss the similarities between neural network modelling and early ethological models of motivation, and then show how a modern version of Lorenz's model of motivation can account for current research findings on dustbathing in chickens and sleep in humans. I conclude that valuable information can still be obtained by research at a behavioural level of analysis. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3134 | ||
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