| Records |
| Author |
Menzel, E.W.J. |
| Title |
Communication about the environment in a group of young chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1971 |
Publication |
Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
| Volume |
15 |
Issue  |
3 |
Pages |
220-232 |
| Keywords |
*Animal Communication; Animals; Environment; Fear; Leadership; *Pan troglodytes; Problem Solving; Social Behavior; Species Specificity; Vocalization, Animal |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0015-5713 |
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| Notes |
PMID:5120654 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4184 |
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| Author |
De Cremer, D.; van Dijk, E. |
| Title |
Leader--Follower Effects in Resource Dilemmas: The Roles of Leadership Selection and Social Responsibility |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Group Processes Intergroup Relations |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
355-369 |
| Keywords |
followers, leadership selection, resource allocations, resource dilemmas, social responsibility |
| Abstract |
Previous research on the allocation of scarce resources shows that when people are assigned labels of leader or follower in their group, leaders allocate more of the scarce resources to themselves than followers do. In three laboratory studies, we examine the idea that how people are selected for the leader role (i.e. election or appointment) determines whether leaders take more or equal shares (relative to followers) from a common resource. In a first experiment, we show that participants were more accepting of norm violating behavior by an appointed versus elected leader. In a second experiment, we show that when participants were assigned to a leader or follower role, allocations of appointed leaders differed significantly from those of elected leaders and followers, whereas there was no difference between the two latter conditions. Moreover, elected leaders were shown to feel more social responsibility than both appointed leaders and followers. In a final experiment, we show that when participants were primed with the concept of social responsibility (relative to a neutral condition) no difference in allocations between appointed and elected leaders emerged. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4805 |
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| Author |
Harcourt, J.L.; Ang, T.Z.; Sweetman, G.; Johnstone, R.A.; Manica, A. |
| Title |
Social feedback and the emergence of leaders and followers |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Current Biology : CB |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr Biol |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
248-252 |
| Keywords |
Analysis of Variance; Animals; Appetitive Behavior/physiology; *Feedback; Great Britain; *Leadership; Markov Chains; Models, Biological; Monte Carlo Method; Smegmamorpha/*physiology; *Social Behavior; Video Recording |
| Abstract |
In many animal groups, certain individuals consistently appear at the forefront of coordinated movements [1-4]. How such leaders emerge is poorly understood [5, 6]. Here, we show that in pairs of sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, leadership arises from individual differences in the way that fish respond to their partner's movements. Having first established that individuals differed in their propensity to leave cover in order to look for food, we randomly paired fish of varying boldness, and we used a Markov Chain model to infer the individual rules underlying their joint behavior. Both fish in a pair responded to each other's movements-each was more likely to leave cover if the other was already out and to return if the other had already returned. However, we found that bolder individuals displayed greater initiative and were less responsive to their partners, whereas shyer individuals displayed less initiative but followed their partners more faithfully; they also, as followers, elicited greater leadership tendencies in their bold partners. We conclude that leadership in this case is reinforced by positive social feedback. |
| Address |
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0960-9822 |
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| Notes |
PMID:19185497 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5123 |
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| Author |
Petit, O.; Bon, R. |
| Title |
Decision-making processes: The case of collective movements |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
| Volume |
84 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
635-647 |
| Keywords |
Consensus; Inter-individual relationships; Leadership; Self-organization; Social status |
| Abstract |
Besides focusing on the adaptive significance of collective movements, it is crucial to study the mechanisms and dynamics of decision-making processes at the individual level underlying the higher-scale collective movements. It is now commonly admitted that collective decisions emerge from interactions between individuals, but how individual decisions are taken, i.e. how far they are modulated by the behaviour of other group members, is an under-investigated question. Classically, collective movements are viewed as the outcome of one individual's initiation (the leader) for departure, by which all or some of the other group members abide. Individuals assuming leadership have often been considered to hold a specific social status. This hierarchical or centralized control model has been challenged by recent theoretical and experimental findings, suggesting that leadership can be more distributed. Moreover, self-organized processes can account for collective movements in many different species, even in those that are characterized by high cognitive complexity. In this review, we point out that decision-making for moving collectively can be reached by a combination of different rules, i.e. individualized (based on inter-individual differences in physiology, energetic state, social status, etc.) and self-organized (based on simple response) ones for any species, context and group size. |
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0376-6357 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5217 |
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| Author |
Feist, J.D.; McCullough, D.R. |
| Title |
Reproduction in feral horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Reprod Fertil Suppl |
| Volume |
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Issue |
23 |
Pages |
13-18 |
| Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Female; Horses/*physiology; Leadership; Male; Maternal Behavior; Population; Reproduction; *Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Dominance; Sucking Behavior |
| Abstract |
A behavioural study of feral horses was conducted on the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range in the western United States. All 270 horses on the Range were identified individually. The sex ratio was nearly balanced. Foal to adult female ratio was 43-2:100. Morality was concentrated among foals and old horses. Horses were organized as forty-four harem groups each with a dominant stallion, one to two immature stallions, one to three immature mares, one to three adult mares and their yearling and foal offspring, and 23 bachelor groups of one to eight stallions. Harem groups were quite stable year-round because of dominance and leadership by the stallions and group fidelity by mares and their offsring. Most changes occurred during the breeding season and involved immature females. Defeat of dominant stallions was infrequent. Immature males were tolerated because of their submissive behaviour. Bachelor stallion groups were inherently unstable. Mares came into heat after foaling in May/June, and were mated by harem stallions only. |
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0449-3087 |
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| Notes |
PMID:1060766 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1964 |
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| Author |
Levin, L.E.; Grillet, M.E. |
| Title |
[Diversified leadership: a social solution of problems in schools of fish] |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Acta Cientifica Venezolana |
Abbreviated Journal |
Acta Cient Venez |
| Volume |
39 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
175-180 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Fishes; *Leadership; Reversal Learning/*physiology; *Social Behavior |
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Spanish |
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Original Title |
Liderazgo diversificado: una solucion social de problemas en el cardumen |
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0001-5504 |
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| Notes |
PMID:3251383 |
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no |
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2045 |
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| Author |
Rudran, R. |
| Title |
Adult male replacement in one-male troops of purple-faced langurs (Presbytis senex senex) and its effect on population structure |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1973 |
Publication |
Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
166-192 |
| Keywords |
Age Factors; Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Female; *Haplorhini; Humans; Leadership; Male; Maternal Behavior; Population Density; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance |
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English |
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0015-5713 |
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| Notes |
PMID:4201908 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4182 |
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| Author |
Mech L.D. |
| Title |
Leadership in Wolf, Canis lupus, Packs. |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Canadian Field-Naturalist |
Abbreviated Journal |
Can Field Nat |
| Volume |
114 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
259-263 |
| Keywords |
Wolf, Canis lupus, leadership, behavior, foraging, movements, pup care, provisioning, sociality, reproduction, breeding, Northwest Territories. |
| Abstract |
I examine leadership in Wolf (Canis lupus) packs based on published observations and data gathered during summers from 1986 to 1998 studying a free-ranging pack of Wolves on Ellesmere Island that were habituated to my presence. The breeding male tended to initiate activities associated with foraging and travel, and the breeding female to initiate, and predominate in, pup care and protection. However, there was considerable overlap and interaction during these activities such that leadership could be considered a joint function. In packs with multiple breeders, quantitative information about leadership is needed. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4688 |
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| Author |
Jacobs, A.; Maumy, M.; Petit, O. |
| Title |
The influence of social organisation on leadership in brown lemurs (Eulemur fulvus fulvus) in a controlled environment |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
| Volume |
79 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
111-113 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Decision Making; Dominance-Subordination; *Exploratory Behavior; Female; Group Structure; *Leadership; Lemur/*psychology; Male; Sex Factors; *Social Environment |
| Abstract |
Studies on leadership during group movements in several lemur species showed that females were responsible for the travelling choices concerning time and direction. Interestingly, in these species females are dominant over males. We investigated the influence of social organisation upon leadership processes by studying a lemur species in which social organisation is characterized by the absence of female dominance: the brown lemur (Eulemur fulvus fulvus). The study was conducted on a semi-free ranging group of 11 individuals and the analysis performed on 69 group movements showed that all the individuals could initiate a group movement. In 34 cases, the whole group moved. There was no significant difference in the number of start attempts or in the number of group members involved from one initiator to another. Moreover, there was no effect of sex or age of the initiator on the number of individuals following it or on the speed of the joining process. Therefore, the leadership observed is widely distributed to all group members. These results support the hypothesis of an influence of social organisation upon the decision-making processes but still remain to be studied in a more relevant ecological context. |
| Address |
IPHC-DEPE, Equipe d'ethologie des primates, UMR 7178, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Universite Louis Pasteur and Centre de Primatologie, Strasbourg, France |
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English |
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0376-6357 |
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| Notes |
PMID:18586413 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5127 |
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| Author |
Kurvers, R.H.J.M.; Eijkelenkamp, B.; van Oers, K.; van Lith, B.; van Wieren, S.E.; Ydenberg, R.C.; Prins, H.H.T. |
| Title |
Personality differences explain leadership in barnacle geese |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
78 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
447-453 |
| Keywords |
barnacle goose; boldness; Branta leucopsis; group behaviour; leadership; personality |
| Abstract |
Personality in animal behaviour describes the observation that behavioural differences between individuals are consistent over time and context. Studies of group-living animals show that movement order among individuals is also consistent over time and context, suggesting that some individuals lead and others follow. However, the relationship between leadership and personality traits is poorly studied. We measured several personality traits and leadership of individual barnacle geese, Branta leucopsis. We measured body size and scored the dominance of individuals living in a stable group situation before subjecting them to an open-field test, an activity test, a novel-object test, and a leadership test in which the order of the movement of individuals in pairs towards a feeding patch was scored. We found high repeatability for activity and novel-object scores over time. Leadership was strongly correlated with novel-object score but not with dominance rank, activity or exploration in an open field. These results provide evidence that leadership is closely related to some aspects of personality. Interestingly, an individual's arrival at the food patch was affected not only by the novel-object score of the focal individual, but also by the novel-object score of the companion individual, indicating that movement patterns of individuals living in groups are affected by the personality traits of other group members and suggesting that movement patterns of a group may be shaped by the mix of personality types present in the group. |
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0003-3472 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5172 |
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