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| Author | Briard, L.; Dorn, C.; Petit, O. | ||||
| Title | Personality and Affinities Play a Key Role in the Organisation of Collective Movements in a Group of Domestic Horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
| Volume | 121 | Issue  |
9 | Pages | 888-902 |
| Keywords | decision-making; equids; hierarchy; leadership; social network | ||||
| Abstract | Understanding how groups of individuals with different motives come to daily decisions about the exploitation of their environment is a key question in animal behaviour. While interindividual differences are often seen only as a threat to group cohesion, growing evidence shows that they may to some extent facilitate effective collective action. Recent studies suggest that personality differences influence how individuals are attracted to conspecifics and affect their behaviour as an initiator or a follower. However, most of the existing studies are limited to a few taxa, mainly social fish and arthropods. Horses are social herbivores that live in long-lasting groups and show identifiable personality differences between individuals. We studied a group of 38 individuals living in a 30-ha hilly pasture. Over 200 h, we sought to identify how far individual differences such as personality and affinity distribution affect the dynamic of their collective movements. First, we report that individuals distribute their relationships according to similar personality and hierarchical rank. This is the first study that demonstrates a positive assortment between unrelated individuals according to personality in a mammal species. Second, we measured individual propensity to initiate and found that bold individuals initiated more often than shy individuals. However, their success in terms of number of followers and joining duration did not depend on their individual characteristics. Moreover, joining process is influenced by social network, with preferred partners following each other and bolder individuals being located more often at the front of the movement. Our results illustrate the importance of taking into account interindividual behavioural differences in studies of social behaviours. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1439-0310 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6153 | ||
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| Author | Collins, G.H.; Petersen, S.L.; Carr, C.A.; Pielstick, L. | ||||
| Title | Testing VHF/GPS Collar Design and Safety in the Study of Free-Roaming Horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Plos One | Abbreviated Journal | Plos One |
| Volume | 9 | Issue |
9 | Pages | e103189 |
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| Abstract | Effective and safe monitoring techniques are needed by U.S. land managers to understand free-roaming horse behavior and habitat use and to aid in making informed management decisions. Global positioning system (GPS) and very high frequency (VHF) radio collars can be used to provide high spatial and temporal resolution information for detecting free-roaming horse movement. GPS and VHF collars are a common tool used in wildlife management, but have rarely been used for free-roaming horse research and monitoring in the United States. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the design, safety, and detachment device on GPS/VHF collars used to collect free-roaming horse location and movement data. Between 2009 and 2010, 28 domestic and feral horses were marked with commercial and custom designed VHF/GPS collars. Individual horses were evaluated for damage caused by the collar placement, and following initial observations, collar design was modified to reduce the potential for injury. After collar modifications, which included the addition of collar length adjustments to both sides of the collar allowing for better alignment of collar and neck shapes, adding foam padding to the custom collars to replicate the commercial collar foam padding, and repositioning the detachment device to reduce wear along the jowl, we observed little to no evidence of collar wear on horses. Neither custom-built nor commercial collars caused injury to study horses, however, most of the custom-built collars failed to collect data. During the evaluation of collar detachment devices, we had an 89% success rate of collar devices detaching correctly. This study showed that free-roaming horses can be safely marked with GPS and/or VHF collars with minimal risk of injury, and that these collars can be a useful tool for monitoring horses without creating a risk to horse health and wellness. | ||||
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| Publisher | Public Library of Science | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6209 | ||
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| Author | Pawluski, J.; Jego, P.; Henry, S.; Bruchet, A.; Palme, R.; Coste, C.; Hausberger, M. | ||||
| Title | Low plasma cortisol and fecal cortisol metabolite measures as indicators of compromised welfare in domestic horses (Equus caballus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Plos One | Abbreviated Journal | Plos One |
| Volume | 12 | Issue |
9 | Pages | e0182257 |
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| Abstract | The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to chronic stress is far from straight forward, particularly with regards to animal welfare. There are reports of no effect as well as both decreases and increases in cortisol after chronic stressors. Therefore, the first aim of the present study was to determine how measures of compromised welfare, such as chronic pain and haematological anomalies, related to cortisol levels in domestic horses (Equus caballus). Domestic horses are an informative model to investigate the impact of chronic stress (due to environment, pain, work, housing conditions...) on the HPA axis. The second aim was to determine whether levels of fecal cortisol metabolites (FCM) may be used as an indicator of welfare measures. The present study used fifty-nine horses (44 geldings and 15 mares), from three riding centres in Brittany, France. The primary findings show that horses whose welfare was clearly compromised (as indicated by an unusual ears backward position, presence of vertebral problems or haematological anomalies, e.g. anaemia) also had lower levels of both FCM and plasma cortisol. This work extends our previous findings showing that withdrawn postures, indicators of depressive-like behavior in horses, are associated with lower plasma cortisol levels. We also found that evening plasma cortisol levels positively correlated with FCM levels in horses. Future research aims to determine the extent to which factors of influence on welfare, such as living conditions (e.g. single stalls versus group housing in pasture or paddocks), early life factors, and human interaction, act as mediators of cortisol levels in horses. | ||||
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| Publisher | Public Library of Science | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6516 | ||
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| Author | Leliveld, L.M.C. | ||||
| Title | From Science to Practice: A Review of Laterality Research on Ungulate Livestock | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | Symmetry | Abbreviated Journal | Symmetry |
| Volume | 11 | Issue |
9 | Pages | 1157 |
| Keywords | hemispheric asymmetries; farm animals; emotional processing; animal cognition; development; human-animal interactions; animal welfare | ||||
| Abstract | In functional laterality research, most ungulate livestock species have until recently been mainly overlooked. However, there are many scientific and practical benefits of studying laterality in ungulate livestock. As social, precocial and domestic species, they may offer insight into the mechanisms involved in the ontogeny and phylogeny of functional laterality and help to better understand the role of laterality in animal welfare. Until now, most studies on ungulate livestock have focused on motor laterality, but interest in other lateralized functions, e.g., cognition and emotions, is growing. Increasingly more studies are also focused on associations with age, sex, personality, health, stress, production and performance. Although the full potential of research on laterality in ungulate livestock is not yet exploited, findings have already shed new light on central issues in cognitive and emotional processing and laid the basis for potentially useful applications in future practice, e.g., stress reduction during human-animal interactions and improved assessments of health, production and welfare. Future research would benefit from further integration of basic laterality methodology (e.g., testing for individual preferences) and applied ethological approaches (e.g., established emotionality tests), which would not only improve our understanding of functional laterality but also benefit the assessment of animal welfare. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6588 | ||
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| Author | Moses, S.N.; Villate, C.; Ryan, J.D. | ||||
| Title | An investigation of learning strategy supporting transitive inference performance in humans compared to other species | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Neuropsychologia | Abbreviated Journal | Neuropsychologia |
| Volume | 44 | Issue |
8 | Pages | 1370-1387 |
| Keywords | Adult; Analysis of Variance; Association Learning/*physiology; *Cognition; *Concept Formation; Female; Humans; *Logic; Male; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology; Photic Stimulation/methods; Reaction Time/physiology | ||||
| Abstract | Generalizations about neural function are often drawn from non-human animal models to human cognition, however, the assumption of cross-species conservation may sometimes be invalid. Humans may use different strategies mediated by alternative structures, or similar structures may operate differently within the context of the human brain. The transitive inference problem, considered a hallmark of logical reasoning, can be solved by non-human species via associative learning rather than logic. We tested whether humans use similar strategies to other species for transitive inference. Results are crucial for evaluating the validity of widely accepted assumptions of similar neural substrates underlying performance in humans and other animals. Here we show that successful transitive inference in humans is unrelated to use of associative learning strategies and is associated with ability to report the hierarchical relationship among stimuli. Our work stipulates that cross-species generalizations must be interpreted cautiously, since performance on the same task may be mediated by different strategies and/or neural systems. | ||||
| Address | Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Canada. smoses@rotman-baycrest.on.ca | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0028-3932 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16503340 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 153 | ||
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| Author | Chase, I.D.; Tovey, C.; Spangler-Martin, D.; Manfredonia, M. | ||||
| Title | Individual differences versus social dynamics in the formation of animal dominance hierarchies | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
| Volume | 99 | Issue |
8 | Pages | 5744-5749 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Fishes; Humans; *Social Behavior; *Social Dominance | ||||
| Abstract | Linear hierarchies, the classical pecking-order structures, are formed readily in both nature and the laboratory in a great range of species including humans. However, the probability of getting linear structures by chance alone is quite low. In this paper we investigate the two hypotheses that are proposed most often to explain linear hierarchies: they are predetermined by differences in the attributes of animals, or they are produced by the dynamics of social interaction, i.e., they are self-organizing. We evaluate these hypotheses using cichlid fish as model animals, and although differences in attributes play a significant part, we find that social interaction is necessary for high proportions of groups with linear hierarchies. Our results suggest that dominance hierarchy formation is a much richer and more complex phenomenon than previously thought, and we explore the implications of these results for evolutionary biology, the social sciences, and the use of animal models in understanding human social organization. | ||||
| Address | Department of Sociology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4356, USA. Ichase@notes.cc.sunysb.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0027-8424 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11960030 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 442 | ||
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| Author | Hemelrijk,C. K.; Wantia,J.; Gygax,L. | ||||
| Title | The construction of dominance order: comparing performance of five methods using an individual-based model | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Behaviour |
| Volume | 142 | Issue |
8 | Pages | 1043-1064 |
| Keywords | dominance order, ranking method, agent-based model, statistical method, aggression | ||||
| Abstract | In studies of animal behaviour investigators correlate dominance with all kinds of behavioural variables, such as reproductive success and foraging success. Many methods are used to produce a dominance hierarchy from a matrix reflecting the frequency of winning dominance interactions. These different methods produce different hierarchies. However, it is difficult to decide which ranking method is best. In this paper, we offer a new procedure for this decision: we use an individual-based model, called DomWorld, as a test-environment. We choose this model, because it provides access to both the internal dominance values of artificial agents (which reflects their fighting power) and the matrix of winning and losing among them and, in addition, because its behavioural rules are biologically inspired and its group-level patterns resemble those of real primates. We compare statistically the dominance hierarchy based on the internal dominance values of the artificial agents with the dominance hierarchy produced by ranking individuals by (a) their total frequency of winning, (b) their average dominance index, (c) a refined dominance index, the David`s score, (d) the number of subordinates each individual has and (e) a ranking method based on maximizing the linear order of the hierarchy. Because dominance hierarchies may differ depending on group size, type of society, and the interval of study, we compare these ranking methods for these conditions.We study complete samples as well as samples randomly chosen to resemble the limitations of observing real animals. It appears that two methods of medium complexity (the average dominance index and David`s score) lead to hierarchical orders that come closest to the hierarchy based on internal dominance values of the agents. We advocate usage of the average dominance index, because of its computational simplicity. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 445 | ||
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| Author | Reynhout, I.C.; Cornelissen, J.J.L.M.; Nolte, R.J.M. | ||||
| Title | Self-assembled architectures from biohybrid triblock copolymers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Journal of the American Chemical Society | Abbreviated Journal | J Am Chem Soc |
| Volume | 129 | Issue |
8 | Pages | 2327-2332 |
| Keywords | Horseradish Peroxidase/*chemistry; Micelles; Molecular Structure; Myoglobin/*chemistry; Particle Size; Polyethylene Glycols/*chemistry; Polymers/*chemical synthesis/chemistry; Polystyrenes/*chemistry; Surface-Active Agents/chemical synthesis/chemistry | ||||
| Abstract | The synthesis and self-assembly behavior of biohybrid ABC triblock copolymers consisting of a synthetic diblock, polystyrene-b-polyethylene glycol (PSm-b-PEG113), where m is varied, and a hemeprotein, myoglobin (Mb) or horse radish peroxidase (HRP), is described. The synthetic diblock copolymer is first functionalized with the heme cofactor and subsequently reconstituted with the apoprotein or the apoenzyme to yield the protein-containing ABC triblock copolymer. The obtained amphiphilic block copolymers self-assemble in aqueous solution into a large variety of aggregate structures. Depending on the protein and the polystyrene block length, micellar rods, vesicles, toroids, figure eight structures, octopus structures, and spheres with a lamellar surface are formed. | ||||
| Address | Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0002-7863 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:17274615 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1832 | |||
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| Author | Friedberger, J.C. | ||||
| Title | Modern horse training methods--what is justifiable? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1970 | Publication | The Veterinary Record | Abbreviated Journal | Vet. Rec. |
| Volume | 87 | Issue |
8 | Pages | 229-231 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Ethics; *Horses; Learning | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0042-4900 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:5529870 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 1967 | ||
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| Author | Wennerstrand, J.; Johnston, C.; Roethlisberger-Holm, K.; Erichsen, C.; Eksell, P.; Drevemo, S. | ||||
| Title | Kinematic evaluation of the back in the sport horse with back pain | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume | 36 | Issue |
8 | Pages | 707-711 |
| Keywords | Animals; Back/*physiology; Back Pain/diagnosis/physiopathology/*veterinary; Biomechanics; Exercise Test/veterinary; Gait/*physiology; Horse Diseases/diagnosis/*physiopathology; Horses/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Locomotion/physiology; Lumbar Vertebrae/physiology; Range of Motion, Articular; Stress, Mechanical; Thoracic Vertebrae/physiology; Weight-Bearing | ||||
| Abstract | REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Earlier studies have developed a clinical tool to evaluate objectively the function of the equine back. The ability to differentiate horses with back pain from asymptomatic, fully functioning horses using kinematic measures from this tool has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES: To compare the kinematics of the back at walk and trot in riding horses with back dysfunction to the same parameters in asymptomatic sport horses. METHODS: The kinematics of the back in 12 horses with impaired performance and back pain were studied at walk and trot on a treadmill. Data were captured for 10 sees at 240 Hz. Range of movement (ROM) and intravertebral pattern symmetry of movement for flexion and extension (FE), lateral bending (LB) and axial rotation (AR) were derived from angular motion pattern data and the results compared to an earlier established database on asymptomatic riding horses. RESULTS: At walk, horses with back dysfunction had a ROM smaller for dorsoventral FE in the caudal thoracic region (T13 = 7.50 degrees, T17 = 7.71 degrees; P<0.05), greater for LB at T13 (8.13 degrees; P<0.001) and smaller for AR of the pelvis (10.97 degrees; P<0.05) compared to asymptomatic horses (FE-T13 = 8.28 degrees, FE-T17 = 8.49 degrees, LB-T13 = 6.34 degrees, AR-pelvis = 12.77 degrees). At trot, dysfunctional horses had a smaller (P<0.05) ROM for FE at the thoracic lumbar junction (T17 = 2.46 degrees, L1 = 2.60 degrees) compared to asymptomatic horses (FE-T17 = 3.07 degrees, FE-L1 = 3.12 degrees). CONCLUSIONS: The objective measurement technique can detect differences between back kinematics in riding horses with signs of back dysfunction and asymptomatic horses. The clinical manifestation of back pain results in diminished flexion/extension movement at or near the thoracic lumbar junction. However, before applying the method more extensively in practice it is necessary to evaluate it further, including measurements of patients whose diagnoses can be confirmed and long-term follow-ups of back patients after treatment. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Since the objective measurement technique can detect small movement differences in back kinematics, it should help to clinically describe and, importantly, objectively detect horses with back pain and dysfunction. | ||||
| Address | Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15656501 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3656 | ||
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