Records |
Author |
Gentner, T.Q.; Fenn, K.M.; Margoliash, D.; Nusbaum, H.C. |
Title |
Recursive syntactic pattern learning by songbirds |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
440 |
Issue |
7088 |
Pages |
1204-1207 |
Keywords |
Acoustic Stimulation; *Animal Communication; Animals; Auditory Perception/*physiology; Humans; *Language; Learning/*physiology; Linguistics; Models, Neurological; Semantics; Starlings/*physiology; Stochastic Processes |
Abstract |
Humans regularly produce new utterances that are understood by other members of the same language community. Linguistic theories account for this ability through the use of syntactic rules (or generative grammars) that describe the acceptable structure of utterances. The recursive, hierarchical embedding of language units (for example, words or phrases within shorter sentences) that is part of the ability to construct new utterances minimally requires a 'context-free' grammar that is more complex than the 'finite-state' grammars thought sufficient to specify the structure of all non-human communication signals. Recent hypotheses make the central claim that the capacity for syntactic recursion forms the computational core of a uniquely human language faculty. Here we show that European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) accurately recognize acoustic patterns defined by a recursive, self-embedding, context-free grammar. They are also able to classify new patterns defined by the grammar and reliably exclude agrammatical patterns. Thus, the capacity to classify sequences from recursive, centre-embedded grammars is not uniquely human. This finding opens a new range of complex syntactic processing mechanisms to physiological investigation. |
Address |
Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. tgentner@ucsd.edu |
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ISSN |
1476-4687 |
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PMID:16641998 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
353 |
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Author |
Zentall, S.S.; Zentall, T.R. |
Title |
Activity and task performance of hyperactive children as a function of environmental stimulation |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Journal of consulting and clinical psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Consult Clin Psychol |
Volume |
44 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
693-697 |
Keywords |
Achievement; Acoustic Stimulation; *Arousal; Auditory Perception; Child; Humans; Hyperkinesis/*etiology; Photic Stimulation; Visual Perception |
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English |
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ISSN |
0022-006X |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:965541 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
272 |
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Author |
Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. |
Title |
The acoustic features of vervet monkey grunts |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1984 |
Publication |
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Acoust Soc Am |
Volume |
75 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1623-1628 |
Keywords |
*Acoustics; Animals; Auditory Perception; Cercopithecus/*physiology; Cercopithecus aethiops/*physiology; Cues; Dominance-Subordination; Female; Male; Social Behavior; Sound Spectrography; *Vocalization, Animal |
Abstract |
East African vervet monkeys give short (125 ms), harsh-sounding grunts to each other in a variety of social situations: when approaching a dominant or subordinate member of their group, when moving into a new area of their range, or upon seeing another group. Although all these vocalizations sound similar to humans, field playback experiments have shown that the monkeys distinguish at least four different calls. Acoustic analysis reveals that grunts have an aperiodic F0, at roughly 240 Hz. Most grunts exhibit a spectral peak close to this irregular F0. Grunts may also contain a second, rising or falling frequency peak, between 550 and 900 Hz. The location and changes in these two frequency peaks are the cues most likely to be used by vervets when distinguishing different grunt types. |
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ISSN |
0001-4966 |
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Notes |
PMID:6736426 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
703 |
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Author |
Lampe, J.F.; Andre, J. |
Title |
Cross-modal recognition of human individuals in domestic horses (Equus caballus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2012 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Animal Cognition |
Volume |
15 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
623-630 |
Keywords |
Cross-modal; Recognition of humans; Horse; Equus caballus; Human–horse interaction; Animal cognition; Visual recognition; Auditory recognition; Voice discrimination; Interspecific |
Abstract |
This study has shown that domestic horses are capable of cross-modal recognition of familiar humans. It was demonstrated that horses are able to discriminate between the voices of a familiar and an unfamiliar human without seeing or smelling them at the same moment. Conversely, they were able to discriminate the same persons when only exposed to their visual and olfactory cues, without being stimulated by their voices. A cross-modal expectancy violation setup was employed; subjects were exposed both to trials with incongruent auditory and visual/olfactory identity cues and trials with congruent cues. It was found that subjects responded more quickly, longer and more often in incongruent trials, exhibiting heightened interest in unmatched cues of identity. This suggests that the equine brain is able to integrate multisensory identity cues from a familiar human into a person representation that allows the brain, when deprived of one or two senses, to maintain recognition of this person. |
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Publisher |
Springer-Verlag |
Place of Publication |
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English |
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Series Editor |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1435-9448 |
ISBN |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5698 |
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Author |
Parr, L.A. |
Title |
Perceptual biases for multimodal cues in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) affect recognition |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
Volume |
7 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
171-178 |
Keywords |
Acoustic Stimulation; *Animal Communication; Animals; Auditory Perception/physiology; Cues; Discrimination Learning/*physiology; Facial Expression; Female; Male; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Perceptual Masking/*physiology; Photic Stimulation; Recognition (Psychology)/*physiology; Visual Perception/physiology; *Vocalization, Animal |
Abstract |
The ability of organisms to discriminate social signals, such as affective displays, using different sensory modalities is important for social communication. However, a major problem for understanding the evolution and integration of multimodal signals is determining how humans and animals attend to different sensory modalities, and these different modalities contribute to the perception and categorization of social signals. Using a matching-to-sample procedure, chimpanzees discriminated videos of conspecifics' facial expressions that contained only auditory or only visual cues by selecting one of two facial expression photographs that matched the expression category represented by the sample. Other videos were edited to contain incongruent sensory cues, i.e., visual features of one expression but auditory features of another. In these cases, subjects were free to select the expression that matched either the auditory or visual modality, whichever was more salient for that expression type. Results showed that chimpanzees were able to discriminate facial expressions using only auditory or visual cues, and when these modalities were mixed. However, in these latter trials, depending on the expression category, clear preferences for either the visual or auditory modality emerged. Pant-hoots and play faces were discriminated preferentially using the auditory modality, while screams were discriminated preferentially using the visual modality. Therefore, depending on the type of expressive display, the auditory and visual modalities were differentially salient in ways that appear consistent with the ethological importance of that display's social function. |
Address |
Division of Psychobiology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, GA 30329, Atlanta, USA. parr@rmy.emory.edu |
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English |
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ISSN |
1435-9448 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:14997361 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2544 |
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Author |
Hauber, M.E.; Pearson, H.E.; Reh, A.; Merges, A. |
Title |
Discrimination between host songs by brood parasitic brown-headed cowbirds ( Molothrus ater) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
Volume |
5 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
129-137 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Auditory Perception; *Discrimination Learning; Female; Male; Sexual Behavior; *Songbirds; *Vocalization, Animal |
Abstract |
Songbirds can learn both to produce and to discriminate between different classes of acoustic stimuli. Varying levels of auditory discrimination may improve the fitness of individuals in certain ecological and social contexts and, thus, selection is expected to mold the cognitive abilities of different species according to the potential benefits of acoustic processing. Although fine-scale auditory discrimination of conspecific songs and calls has been frequently reported for brood parasitic brown-headed cowbirds ( Molothrus ater), it remains unclear why and how they perceive differently the songs of their many host species. Using habituation-dishabituation paradigms and measuring behavioral and physiological (heart-rate) responses, we found that captive female cowbirds consistently discriminated between songs of two host species, the song sparrow ( Melospiza melodia) and the red-winged blackbird ( Agelaius phoeniceus). Playback experiments with stimuli composed of con-specific followed by heterospecific vocalizations in the field also demonstrated discrimination between these heterospecific songs even though cowbirds were not attracted to playbacks of either host species' songs alone. Our results do not directly support a nest-searching function of heterospecific song discrimination by cowbirds and are most consistent with a function of the parasites' avoidance of attacks by their aggressive hosts. These data demonstrate discrimination between heterospecific vocalizations by brown-headed cowbirds and add a novel dimension to the already expansive auditory perceptual abilities of brood parasitic species and other songbirds. |
Address |
Field Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell, University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. hauberm@socrates.berkeley.edu |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1435-9448 |
ISBN |
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Area |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:12357285 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2600 |
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Author |
Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M.; Silk, J.B. |
Title |
The responses of female baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) to anomalous social interactions: evidence for causal reasoning? |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
Volume |
109 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
134-141 |
Keywords |
Animals; Attention; Auditory Perception; *Awareness; *Concept Formation; *Dominance-Subordination; Fear; Female; Hierarchy, Social; Papio/*psychology; *Social Behavior; Social Environment; Vocalization, Animal |
Abstract |
Baboons' (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) understanding of cause-effect relations in the context of social interactions was examined through use of a playback experiment. Under natural conditions, dominant female baboons often grunt to more subordinate mothers when interacting with their infants. Mothers occasionally respond to these grunts by uttering submissive fear barks. Subjects were played causally inconsistent call sequences in which a lower ranking female apparently grunted to a higher ranking female, and the higher ranking female apparently responded with fear barks. As a control, subjects heard a sequence made causally consistent by the inclusion of grunts from a 3rd female that was dominant to both of the others. Subjects responded significantly more strongly to the causally inconsistent sequences, suggesting that they recognized the factors that cause 1 individual to give submissive vocalizations to another. |
Address |
Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0735-7036 |
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Notes |
PMID:7758289 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
348 |
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Author |
Shettleworth, S.J. |
Title |
Stimulus relevance in the control of drinking and conditioned fear responses in domestic chicks (Gallus gallus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1972 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative and physiological psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Physiol Psychol |
Volume |
80 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
175-198 |
Keywords |
Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Auditory Perception; Chickens; *Conditioning (Psychology); Conditioning, Classical; Discrimination Learning; *Drinking Behavior; Electroshock; *Fear; *Light; Motor Activity; Photic Stimulation; Punishment; Quinine; *Sound; Taste; Visual Perception |
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ISSN |
0021-9940 |
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Notes |
PMID:5047826 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
390 |
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Author |
Brazas, M.L.; Shimizu, T. |
Title |
Significance of visual cues in choice behavior in the female zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata castanotis) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
Volume |
5 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
91-95 |
Keywords |
Animals; Auditory Perception; Female; Male; *Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Behavior; *Songbirds; *Visual Perception; Vocalization, Animal |
Abstract |
Female zebra finches show a preference for male zebra finches over heterospecific males based solely on the auditory cues of males, such as songs. The present study was designed to investigate whether females show a similar preference for male zebra finches based solely on visual cues. Using a Y-maze apparatus, social preference of female zebra finches was studied between male zebra finches and male Bengalese finches in three experiments. In experiment 1, where female zebra finches could see and hear live male zebra finches and male Bengalese finches, the females preferred to associate with the male zebra finches. In experiment 2, using a sound-attenuated experimental apparatus, subjects could see, but not hear, male zebra finches and male Bengalese finches. The subjects did not show a significant preference for associating with zebra finches. In experiment 3, as in experiment 2, females could see live male zebra finches and male Bengalese finches in the sound-attenuated chambers. However, in experiment 3, the subjects also heard prerecorded auditory cues (i.e., songs and calls) of male zebra finches, which were presented simultaneously in both arms of the maze. Although the females could not use the auditory cues to identify the location of the male zebra finches, they preferred to associate with the male zebra finches rather than the male Bengalese finches. These results suggest that visual cues alone were effective in initiating choice behaviors by females and that auditory cues facilitate such visually based choice behaviors. |
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, PCD4118G, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA |
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1435-9448 |
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Notes |
PMID:12150041 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2603 |
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Author |
Friederici, A.D.; Alter, K. |
Title |
Lateralization of auditory language functions: a dynamic dual pathway model |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Brain and Language |
Abbreviated Journal |
Brain Lang |
Volume |
89 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
267-276 |
Keywords |
Auditory Pathways/physiology; Brain Mapping; Comprehension/*physiology; Dominance, Cerebral/*physiology; Frontal Lobe/*physiology; Humans; Nerve Net/physiology; Phonetics; Semantics; Speech Acoustics; Speech Perception/*physiology; Temporal Lobe/*physiology |
Abstract |
Spoken language comprehension requires the coordination of different subprocesses in time. After the initial acoustic analysis the system has to extract segmental information such as phonemes, syntactic elements and lexical-semantic elements as well as suprasegmental information such as accentuation and intonational phrases, i.e., prosody. According to the dynamic dual pathway model of auditory language comprehension syntactic and semantic information are primarily processed in a left hemispheric temporo-frontal pathway including separate circuits for syntactic and semantic information whereas sentence level prosody is processed in a right hemispheric temporo-frontal pathway. The relative lateralization of these functions occurs as a result of stimulus properties and processing demands. The observed interaction between syntactic and prosodic information during auditory sentence comprehension is attributed to dynamic interactions between the two hemispheres. |
Address |
Max Planck Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, P.O. Box 500 355, 04303 Leipzig, Germany. angelafr@cns.mpg.de |
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0093-934X |
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Notes |
PMID:15068909 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4722 |
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