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Author Plotnik, J.; Nelson, P.A.; de Waal, F.B.M.
Title Visual field information in the face perception of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Abbreviated Journal Ann N Y Acad Sci
Volume 1000 Issue (up) Pages 94-98
Keywords Animals; *Facial Expression; Pan troglodytes; Recognition (Psychology); Visual Fields/*physiology; Visual Perception/*physiology
Abstract Evidence for a visual field advantage (VFA) in the face perception of chimpanzees was investigated using a modification of a free-vision task. Four of six chimpanzee subjects previously trained on a computer joystick match-to-sample paradigm were able to distinguish between images of neutral face chimeras consisting of two left sides (LL) or right sides (RR) of the face. While an individual's ability to make this distinction would be unlikely to determine their suitability for the VFA tests, it was important to establish that distinctive information was available in test images. Data were then recorded on their choice of the LL vs. RR chimera as a match to the true, neutral image; a bias for one of these options would indicate an hemispatial visual field advantage. Results suggest that chimpanzees, unlike humans, do not exhibit a left visual field advantage. These results have important implications for studies on laterality and asymmetry in facial signals and their perception in primates.
Address Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. jmp63@cornell.edu
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ISSN 0077-8923 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:14766624 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 175
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Author Salter Re, P.D.
Title Determinants of mineral lick utilization by feral horses Type Journal Article
Year 1980 Publication Abbreviated Journal Northwest Sci
Volume 54 Issue (up) Pages 109-118
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 1554
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Author Young E, P.B.
Title The reaction of the Cape Mountain Zebra(E. Zebra Zebra) to certain chemical immobilisation drugs Type Journal Article
Year 1972 Publication Abbreviated Journal Koedoe
Volume 15 Issue (up) Pages 95-96
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 1727
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Author Hvorecny, L.M.; Grudowski, J.L.; Blakeslee, C.J.; Simmons, T.L.; Roy, P.R.; Brooks, J.A.; Hanner, R.M.; Beigel, M.E.; Karson, M.A.; Nichols, R.H.; Holm, J.B.; Boal, J.G.
Title Octopuses (Octopus bimaculoides) and cuttlefishes (Sepia pharaonis, S. officinalis) can conditionally discriminate Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.
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Abstract In complex navigation using landmarks, an animal must discriminate between potential cues and show context (condition) sensitivity. Such conditional discrimination is considered a form of complex learning and has been associated primarily with vertebrates. We tested the hypothesis that octopuses and cuttlefish are capable of conditional discrimination. Subjects were trained in two maze configurations (the conditions) in which they were required to select one of two particular escape routes within each maze (the discrimination). Conditional discrimination could be demonstrated by selecting the correct escape route in each maze. Six of ten mud-flat octopuses (Octopus bimaculoides), 6 of 13 pharaoh cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis), and one of four common cuttlefish (S. officinalis) demonstrated conditional discrimination by successfully solving both mazes. These experiments demonstrate that cephalopods are capable of conditional discrimination and extend the limits of invertebrate complex learning.
Address Department of Biology, Millersville University, 50 East Frederick Street, Millersville, PA, 17551-0302, USA, jean.boal@millersville.edu
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ISSN 1435-9448 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:17437139 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2405
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Author Sickler, J.; Fraser, J.; Webler, T.; Reiss, D.; Boyle, P.; Lyn, H.; Lemcke, K.; Gruber, S.
Title Social Narratives Surrounding Dolphins: Q Method Study Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Society and Animals Abbreviated Journal
Volume 14 Issue (up) Pages 351-382
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3431
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Author Pot&igrave; , P.; Bartolommei, P.; Saporiti, M.
Title Landmark Use by Cebus apella Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication International Journal of Primatology Abbreviated Journal Int. J. Primatol.
Volume 26 Issue (up) Pages 921-948
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3508
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Author Carruthers, P.
Title Why the question of animal consciousness might not matter very much Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication Philosophical Psychology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 18 Issue (up) Pages 83-102
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3510
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Author Davidson, N.; Harris, P.
Title Nutrition and Welfare Type Book Chapter
Year 2002 Publication The Welfare of Horses Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue (up) Pages 45-76
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Abstract The horse is a social species living in herds and spending the majority of its time roaming and foraging in a diverse and seasonally-varying environment. As a non-ruminant herbivore it is well suited to a high fibre, low starch diet. Domestication has resulted in a number of benefits to the horse, reflected in its continued prevalence and apparently increased life expectancy, but it has not been without its price. Especially in developed countries, horses kept for leisure purposes (which includes all competition and racing horses) are often confined, possibly away from conspecifics, within a stable for a large proportion of the day. Due to increased energy requirements many horses now receive one to two large meals a day, consisting of feedstuffs with a low water content and often a radically different nutritional profile from the diet that they would be able or would choose to select in the wild. These modern practices have benefits but also potential disadvantages to the horse both nutritionally and behaviourally which may have an impact on welfare. This chapter highlights areas where dietary imbalances or inappropriate feeding practices may potentially have an adverse effect on welfare and gives suggestions on how these may be ameliorated.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4377
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Author Cooper, J.; McGreevy, P.
Title Stereotypic Behaviour in the Stabled Horse: Causes, Effects and Prevention without Compromising Horse Welfare Type Book Chapter
Year 2002 Publication The Welfare of Horses Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue (up) Pages 99-124
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Abstract Apparently functionless, repetitive behaviour in horses, such as weaving or crib-biting has been difficult to explain for behavioural scientists, horse owners and veterinarians alike. Traditionally activities such as these have been classed amongst the broad descriptor of undesirable stable vices and treatment has centred on prevention of the behaviours per se rather than addressing their underlying causes. In contrast, welfare scientists have described such activities as apparently abnormal stereotypics, claiming they are indicative of poor welfare, citing negative emotions such as boredom, frustration or aversion in the stable environment and even suggesting prevention of the activities alone can lead to increased distress. Our understanding of equine stereotypics has advanced significantly in recent years with epidemiological, developmental and experimental studies identifying those factors closely associated with the performance of stereotypics in stabled horses. These have allowed the development of new treatments based on removing the causal factors, improving the horses“ social and nutritional environment, re-training of horses and their owners and redirection of the activities to less harmful forms. Repetitive activities conventionally seen as undesirable responses to the stable environment, their causal basis and the effectiveness of different approaches to treatment are discussed, both in terms of reducing the behaviour and improving the horse”s quality of life.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4379
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Author Waran, N.; McGreevy, P.; Casey, R.
Title Training Methods and Horse Welfare Type Book Chapter
Year 2002 Publication The Welfare of Horses Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue (up) Pages 151-180
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Abstract Many aspects of horse care and handling are based upon convenience and traditional practices. Many of these methods of management and practice do not take into account the natural behaviour of horses. This is despite the belief that although domestic horses are probably more docile, stronger, faster growing and faster moving than their ancestors, they are unlikely to have lost any natural behaviours. The performance or sport horse is expected to perform a wide variety of movements and tasks, some of which are unnatural or exaggerated and most of which must be learned. The term “training” is commonly used to describe the processes whereby the human handler introduces the horse to new situations and associations. Performance horses are often required to tolerate stimuli that are innately aversive or threatening, such as having a person on their backs. They are also trained to respond to a stimulus with often unnatural or over-emphasised behaviour, such as some of the dressage movements. Effective and humane training requires an understanding of the processes underlying behaviour. These include knowledge of behaviour under natural conditions, learning processes, the influence of early experience and motivational forces. Horses differ from the other main companion animal species, namely cats and dogs, in that they are a prey species. They most commonly flee from dangerous and painful situations. Horses readily learn to avoid potentially threatening situations and if their attempts to avoid associated stimuli are prevented, they will often exhibit problem behaviours. In this chapter the history of horse training, the application of learning theory and a knowledge of equine behaviour to training, and innovative training methods are all considered.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4380
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