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| Author | Hausberger, M.; Le Scolan, N.; Muller, C.; Gautier, E.; Wolff, A. | ||||
| Title | Individual behavioural characteristics in horses: predictability, endogenous and environmental factors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Journée d`Etude | Abbreviated Journal | Journée d`Etude |
| Volume | 22 | Issue | Pages | 113- 123 | |
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| Publisher | Insitute du Cheval | Place of Publication | Paris | Editor | |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5023 | ||
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| Author | Hama, H.; Yogo, M.; Matsuyama, Y. | ||||
| Title | Effects of stroking horses on both humans' and horses' heart rate responses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Japanese Psychological Research | Abbreviated Journal | Jpn. Psychol. Res. |
| Volume | 38 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 66-73 |
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| Abstract | The present study examined both human and horse heart rates (HRs) when humans stroked horses for 90 seconds; the subjective arousal levels of the humans were measured by the Tohoku Activation Deactivation Adjective Check List before and after stroking horses. Six male subjects with a positive attitude toward companion animals and 6 male subjects with a negative attitude were selected by their scores on the Pet Attitude Scale, and these two groups, together with a third group, of 6 subjects who were male members of the Doshisha University horse-riding club, participated in this experiment. The HRs of the human subjects during the first 10 seconds immediately after the stroking began were significantly higher than those obtained after that period, but these higher levels gradually returned to baseline levels. This tendency appears more clearly in the negative attitude group. The HRs of the horses increased during the first 20 seconds immediately after the human subjects of the NA group started stroking them, but gradually reduced as the stroking continued. The results of subjective arousal levels suggest a decrease in tension by stroking horses. These results suggest that a certain affectional interaction may exist between humans and companion animals. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5056 | ||
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| Author | de Waal, F.B.M.; Aureli, F. | ||||
| Title | Consolation, reconciliation, and a possible cognitive difference between macaque and chimpanzee | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Reaching into Thought: The Minds of the Great Apes | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 80–110. | ||
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| Abstract | Russon,A.E.; Bard, K.A.; Parker, S.T. | ||||
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| Publisher | Cambridge University Press | Place of Publication | Cambridge | Editor | Russon,A.E.; Bard, K.A.; Parker, S.T. |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5060 | ||
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| Author | Mertens, P.A.; Unshelm, J. | ||||
| Title | Effects of Group and Individual Housing on the Behavior of Kennelled Dogs in Animal Shelters | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Anthrozoos: A Multidisciplinary Journal of The Interactions of People & Animals | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | Pages | 40-51 | |
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| Abstract | To emphasize the effects of group- and single housing of kennelled dogs, the behavior of 211 dogs in two German animal shelters was tested and observed. After being placed, 197 of the dogs' new owners were interviewed. Although 51% of the German animal shelters already keep dogs in groups, there is strong prejudice against group housing because of the fear of fights. This study demonstrates that this apprehension is unfounded. Ninety-one percent of the social confrontations between dogs housed together were settled by the use of behavioral rituals. Keeping dogs in groups, furthermore, leads to a significant reduction in noise emission (p<.001). Group housing fulfills the dog's need for social interaction and the need to move. Dogs that were housed in groups displayed a closer human-animal relationship (80%) than those that had been kept individually (43%). A high percentage of individually housed dogs suffered from behavioral problems (31%) and 10% developed stereotypes. The percentage of behaviorally disturbed dogs observed in group housing was 11%, and stereotyped forms of behavior did not occur. Dogs who had been kept in groups were, on average, placed within 10 days, and were returned to the animal shelter less often (9%) compared to those housed individually (25%). Dogs that were housed separately needed an average of 17 days to be placed. Even after being placed, there is a correlation between the animal shelter's type of housing and the dog's behavior. Within four weeks after picking up their pet, 88% of the owners of dogs that had been housed individually complained of problems compared to the owners of the dogs that had been kept in groups, 53% of whom were completely satisfied with the adoption. Despite the fact that these results might be influenced by the small number of shelters examined, the study leads to the conclusion that keeping dogs in groups is a suitable alternative for dog housing in animal shelters and, for the animals' welfare, is preferable to individual housing. |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5165 | ||
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| Author | Frank S. A. | ||||
| Title | Policing and group cohesion when resources vary. | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 52 | Issue | Pages | 1163-1169 | |
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| Abstract | The transition from competing individuals to cooperative groups has occurred several times inevolutionary history. The puzzle is why selfish individuals did not subvert cohesive group behaviour bytaking resources without contributing to the group’s overall success. Kin selection and reciprocal altruism are the two standard explanations for group cohesion. But many groups have evolved into cooperative units when relatedness was low and opportunities were limited for the strategic alliances required for reciprocity. A new theory was recently proposed in which individuals invest some of their resources into repressing competition between group members. Such policing increases the fair distribution of resources in the group and enhances group cohesion. The surprising aspect of this theory is that low relatedness is more conducive to the spread of policing traits than is high relatedness. Here a new explanation is developed of the biological processes that favour policing. The model is then extended in two ways. First, more realism is added to the theory by accounting for the full range of costs and benefits associated with competitive and cooperative traits within groups. Second, another surprising result is introduced about cooperative evolution. Small variations in individual vigour or resources can lead to large variations in individual contributions to policing the group. Stronger individuals often invest all of their excess resources into policing, but weaker individuals do not contribute to group cohesion. |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5429 | ||
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| Author | Nishida, T.; Hosaka K. | ||||
| Title | Coalition strategies among adult male chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Great Ape Societies. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 114-135 | ||
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| Publisher | Cambridge University Press | Place of Publication | Cambridge | Editor | McGrew, W. C.; Marchant, L. F.; Nishida, T. |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5470 | ||
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| Author | Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Do apes ape? | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Social learning in animals: the roots of culture | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 319-346 | ||
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| Publisher | Academic Press | Place of Publication | London | Editor | Heyes, C. M.; Galef, B.G. |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5600 | ||
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| Author | Kruska, D. | ||||
| Title | The effect of domestication on brain size and composition in the mink (Mustela vison) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | J Zool | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 239 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Kruska1996 | Serial | 6234 | ||
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| Author | Meriggi,A.; Lovari, S. | ||||
| Title | A Review of Wolf Predation in Southern Europe: Does the Wolf Prefer Wild Prey to Livestock? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Journal of Applled Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Ecol |
| Volume | 33 | Issue | Pages | 1561-1571 | |
| Keywords | Canis lupus, conservation, food habits, prey abundance, prey availability. | ||||
| Abstract | 1. The recent recovery of the wolf in southern Europe has not yet removed the risk of local extinction. Wolf populations are fragmented and often comprise fewer than 500 individuals. In North America, northern and eastern Europe, wolves feed maiiily on wild herbivores. In southern Europe, this canid has apparently adapted to feed also on fruit, rubbish, livestock, small and medium-size mammals. 2. The main conservation problem lies with predation o n domestic ~ingulates,w liich leads to extensive killing of wolves. The reintroduction of wild large herbivores has been advocated as a means of reducing attacks on livestock, but predatiori on the latter may remain high if domestic ungulates are locally abundant. 3. Our synthesis of 15 studies, published in the last 15 years, on food habits of the wolf in southern Europe, has shown that ungulates have been the main diet component overall. A significant inverse correlation was found between the occurrence (%) of wild and domestic ungulates in the diet. The presence of relatively few wild ungulate species was necessary to reduce predation on livestock. 4. Selection of wild and domestic ungulate prey was influenced mainly by their local abundance, but also by their accessibility. Feeding dependence on rubbish was local and rare. In Italy, the consumption of riibbish/fruit and that of ungulates was significantly negatively correlated. Diet breadth increased as the presence of large prey in tlie diet decreased. 5. The simultaneous reintroduction of severa1 wild ungulate species is likely to reduce predation on livestock and may prove to be one of the most effective conservation measures. |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6387 | ||
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| Author | Provenza, F.D. | ||||
| Title | Acquired aversions as the basis for varied diets of ruminants foraging on rangelands | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume | 74 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 2010-2020 |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2946 | ||
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