| Records |
| Author |
Laut, J.E.; Houpt, K.A.; Hintz, H.F.; Houpt, T.R. |
| Title |
The effects of caloric dilution on meal patterns and food intake of ponies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Physiology & behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Behav. |
| Volume |
35 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
549-554 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Body Weight; *Diet; Energy Intake; *Feeding Behavior; Homeostasis; Horses/*physiology; Male |
| Abstract |
In order to determine if horses will increase their intake in response to caloric dilution, four pony geldings were fed ad lib a mixed grain diet either undiluted (3.4 Mcal/kg of digestible energy) or diluted (wt/wt) with 25% sawdust (2.6 Mcal/kg) or with 50% sawdust (1.7 Mcal/kg). The mean daily caloric intake was 17,457 kcal (3.4 Mcal diet), 17,546 kcal (2.6 Mcal diet) and 12,844 kcal (1.7 Mcal). The mean time spent eating was 246 (3.4 Mcal), 351 (2.6 Mcal), and 408 (1.7 Mcal) minutes/day. Meal size increased and meal frequency decreased with increasing dilution. The median long survivorships of intermeal intervals were 6.4 min (3.4 Mcal), 3.95 min (2.6 Mcal) and 4.91 min (1.7 Mcal). Ponies responded to caloric dilution by increasing the volume of intake to maintain caloric intake when the diet had 25% diluent. When the diet was diluted by 50%, intake was increased, but not at a rate adequate to maintain caloric intake. However, the ponies were able to maintain body weight. |
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English |
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0031-9384 |
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| Notes |
PMID:4070429 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
52 |
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| Author |
Li, F.-H.; Zhong, W.-Q.; Wang, Z.; Wang, D.-H. |
| Title |
Rank in a food competition test and humoral immune functions in male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Physiology & behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Behav. |
| Volume |
90 |
Issue |
2-3 |
Pages |
490-495 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Antibody Formation/*physiology; Arvicolinae/immunology/*physiology; Competitive Behavior/*physiology; *Dominance-Subordination; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Hydrocortisone/blood; Male; *Social Dominance; Spleen/immunology/physiology |
| Abstract |
Social status can influence an animal's immune and reproductive functions, eventually leading to alterations in immunocompetence and reproductive success. Here, we report that rank assessed in a food competition test, considered as an index of social status, has significant influences on humoral immune functions in male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) living in a group. Our data reveal a negative correlation of the spleen mass and serum antibody levels with social status, as well as a positive correlation of serum cortisol levels with social status. Males winning in food competition had a smaller spleen, a lower level of serum antibodies, and a higher level of serum cortisol than did their conspecific counterparts. These data indicate interactions between social status and humoral immune functions and might illustrate a trade-off between infection risks and reproductive success in male Brandt's voles. |
| Address |
State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 25 Beisihuan Xilu, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing 100080, China |
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English |
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0031-9384 |
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| Notes |
PMID:17141282 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
804 |
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| Author |
Gauvin, S.; Giraldeau, L.-A. |
| Title |
Nutmeg mannikins ( Lonchura punctulata) reduce their feeding rates in response to simulated competition |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oecologia |
| Volume |
139 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
150-156 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Feeding Behavior; Population Density; *Social Behavior; *Songbirds |
| Abstract |
Group feeding animals experience a number of competitive foraging costs that may result in a lowered feeding rate. It is important to distinguish between reductions in feeding rates that are caused by reduced food availability and physical interactions among foragers from those caused by the mere presence of foraging companions that may be self-imposed in order to obtain some benefit of group membership. Starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris) reduce their feeding rates when in the company of simulated competitors located in an adjacent cage that cannot affect the food availability or interact with the forager. In the present study, we investigate whether the presence of simulated competitors in another species of passerine, nutmeg mannikins ( Lonchura punctulata), can result in self-imposed reductions in feeding rates. When feeding in the company of simulated competitors, mannikins spent more non-foraging time near them, fed more slowly, reduced travel times between patches, reduced their scanning time and pecked more slowly. These results provide evidence that simulated competitors induce a reduction in pecking rate: behavioural interference. These self-imposed responses to competitors may have resulted from attempts to remain close to the non-feeding companions. Such self-imposed reductions in feeding rates may be a widespread yet generally unrecognised foraging cost to group feeding individuals. |
| Address |
Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
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English |
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0029-8549 |
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| Notes |
PMID:14722748 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
2133 |
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| Author |
de Waal, F.B.; Berger, M.L. |
| Title |
Payment for labour in monkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
404 |
Issue |
6778 |
Pages |
563 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Cebus/*physiology; *Cooperative Behavior; Evolution; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Male; Reward |
| Abstract |
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| Address |
Living Links, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0028-0836 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:10766228 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
190 |
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| Author |
Broom, M. |
| Title |
A unified model of dominance hierarchy formation and maintenance |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Journal of theoretical biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Theor. Biol. |
| Volume |
219 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
63-72 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Feeding Behavior; *Models, Psychological; *Social Dominance; Social Environment |
| Abstract |
In many different species it is common for animals to spend large portions of their lives in groups. Such groups need to divide available resources amongst the individuals they contain and this is often achieved by means of a dominance hierarchy. Sometimes hierarchies are stable over a long period of time and new individuals slot into pre-determined positions, but there are many situations where this is not so and a hierarchy is formed out of a group of individuals meeting for the first time. There are several different models both of the formation of such dominance hierarchies and of already existing hierarchies. These models often treat the two phases as entirely separate, whereas in reality, if there is a genuine formation phase to the hierarchy, behaviour in this phase will be governed by the rewards available, which in turn depends upon how the hierarchy operates once it has been formed. This paper describes a method of unifying models of these two distinct phases, assuming that the hierarchy formed is stable. In particular a framework is introduced which allows a variety of different models of each of the two parts to be used in conjunction with each other, thus enabling a wide range of situations to be modelled. Some examples are given to show how this works in practice. |
| Address |
Centre for Statistics and Stochastic Modelling, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH, U.K. m.broom@sussex.ac.uk |
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English |
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0022-5193 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:12392975 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
439 |
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| Author |
Nelson, W.A.; Keirans, J.E.; Bell, J.F.; Clifford, C.M. |
| Title |
Host-ectoparasite relationships |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Journal of Medical Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Med Entomol |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
143-166 |
| Keywords |
Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Anoplura/physiology; *Arthropods; Birds/parasitology; Chickens/parasitology; Dermacentor/parasitology; Diptera; Ecology; Feeding Behavior; Female; Horses/parasitology; Humans; Male; Mallophaga/physiology; Mice/parasitology; Mites/physiology; Reproduction; Sarcoptes scabiei/physiology; Sheep/parasitology; Skin/parasitology; Ticks/physiology; Toxins, Biological/toxicity; Trombiculidae/physiology |
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English |
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0022-2585 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:808617 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2704 |
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| Author |
Edman, J.D. |
| Title |
Host-feeding patterns of Florida mosquitoes. I. Aedes, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Mansonia and Psorophora |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1971 |
Publication |
Journal of Medical Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Med Entomol |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
687-695 |
| Keywords |
*Aedes; Animals; *Anopheles; Birds; Cats; Cattle; *Culicidae; Dogs; Ecology; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Florida; Horses; Humans; Swine |
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English |
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0022-2585 |
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| Notes |
PMID:4403447 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2722 |
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| Author |
Tempelis, C.H.; Nelson, R.L. |
| Title |
Blood-feeding patterns of midges of the Culicoides variipennis complex in Kern County, California |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1971 |
Publication |
Journal of Medical Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Med Entomol |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
532-534 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Ceratopogonidae/*immunology; Chickens; Dogs; Ecology; Feeding Behavior; Female; Horses; Humans; Immune Sera; Mice; Precipitin Tests; Rabbits; Rats; Sciuridae; Sheep |
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English |
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0022-2585 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:5160258 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2723 |
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| Author |
Houpt, K.A.; Zahorik, D.M.; Swartzman-Andert, J.A. |
| Title |
Taste aversion learning in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Journal of animal science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume |
68 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
2340-2344 |
| Keywords |
Animal Feed; Animals; *Avoidance Learning; Feeding Behavior/*psychology; *Food Preferences; Horses/physiology/*psychology; *Taste |
| Abstract |
The ability of ponies to learn to avoid a relatively novel food associated with illness was tested in three situations: when illness occurred immediately after consuming a feed; when illness occurred 30 min after consuming a feed; and when illness was contingent upon eating one of three feeds offered simultaneously. Apomorphine was used to produce illness. The feeds associated with illness were corn, alfalfa pellets, sweet feed and a complete pelleted feed. The ponies learned to avoid all the fees except the complete feed when apomorphine injection immediately followed consumption of the feed. However, the ponies did not learn to avoid a feed if apomorphine was delayed 30 min after feed consumption. They could learn to avoid alfalfa pellets, but not corn, when these feeds were presented with the familiar “safe foods,” oats and soybean meal. Ponies apparently are able to learn a taste aversion, but there were constraints on this learning ability. Under the conditions of this study, they did not learn to avoid a food that made them sick long after consumption of the food, and they had more difficulty learning to avoid highly palatable feeds. |
| Address |
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0021-8812 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:2401656 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
41 |
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| Author |
Youket, R.J.; Carnevale, J.M.; Houpt, K.A.; Houpt, T.R. |
| Title |
Humoral, hormonal and behavioral correlates of feeding in ponies: the effects of meal frequency |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Journal of animal science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume |
61 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1103-1110 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Blood Glucose/*analysis; Blood Proteins/*analysis; Blood Volume; *Eating; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Female; Heart Rate; Horses/blood/*physiology; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Triiodothyronine/*blood |
| Abstract |
The effect of meal frequency on body fluid, glucose, triiodothyronine (T3), heart rate and behavior was measured in 10 ponies. A simple reversal design was used in which each pony received one meal/day (1X) for 2 wk and six meals/day (6X) for 2 wk. The total intake/day was held constant. Feeding was followed by a rise in plasma levels of glucose, T3, protein and osmolality. One large meal was followed by significantly greater changes in all of the variables than was a meal one-sixth the size. Plasma T3 rose from 41 +/- 5 (SE) ng/liter before feeding to 43 +/- 5 ng/liter following a small meal, but rose significantly higher, from 39 +/- 4 to 60 +/- 10 ng/liter, following a large meal. Glucose rose from 84 +/- 3 to 109 +/- 7 mg/dl following a small meal and rose significantly higher, from 83 +/- 3 to 154 +/- 11 mg/dl, after a large meal. Plasma protein rose from 6.55 +/- .14 to 6.62 +/- .16 g/dl following a small meal and from 6.45 +/- .14 to 6.99 +/- .11 g/dl following a large meal. Osmolality rose from 227 +/- 1 mosmol/liter before to 279 +/- 1 mosmol/liter following a small meal and significantly higher from 278 +/- 2 to 285 +/- 1 mosnol/liter following a large meal. Heart rate rose from 42 beats/min in the absence of feed to 50 beats/min when food was visible to the ponies and did not rise higher when eating began. There were no significant differences in the cardiac response to one large meal and that to a small meal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
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English |
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Edition |
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0021-8812 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:4077755 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
51 |
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