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Title 4Free Video Converter. 4 Free Studio. Copyright© 2000~2015 4Free Video Converter Inc. a Multimedia Utility Company Type Miscellaneous
Year Publication Abbreviated Journal
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ ref53 Serial 6494
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Author Gazzola, A.; Avanzinelli, E.; Mauri, L.; Scandura, M.; Apollonio, M.
Title Temporal changes of howling in south European wolf packs Type Journal Article
Year 2002 Publication Ital J Zool Abbreviated Journal
Volume 69 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Gazzola2002 Serial 6495
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Author Boersma, P.; Weenink, D.
Title Praat: doing phonetics by computer Type Book Whole
Year 2009 Publication Abbreviated Journal
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Boersma2009 Serial 6496
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Author
Title Animal Acoustic Communication: Sound Analysis and Research Methods Type Book Whole
Year 1998 Publication Abbreviated Journal
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Publisher Springer Place of Publication Berlin Editor
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ ref56 Serial 6497
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Author
Title Horses' (Equus Caballus) Laterality, Stress Hormones, and Task Related Behavior in Innovative Problem-Solving Type Journal Article
Year Publication Abbreviated Journal
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ ref3 Serial 6572
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Author Krueger., K.; Farmer, K.
Title Social learning in Horses: Differs from individual learning only in the learning stimulus and not in the learning mechanisms Type Abstract
Year 2018 Publication 14th Meeting of the Internatinoal Society for Equitation Science Abbreviated Journal 14th Meeting ISES
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords horse; individual learning; learning mechanisms; learning stimuli; social learning
Abstract Equine welfare can be enhanced by applying species specific training. This may incorporate social learning, as horses are highly social and social stimuli are of primary importance. Social learning is comparable to individual learning in its learning mechanisms, differing primarily in the way it is stimulated. Our initial study showed that horses of different breeds (N = 38) follow humans after observing other horses doing so, but only if the observed horse was familiar to and higher ranking than the observer (Fisher's exact test: N = 12, P = 0.003). A second study showed that horses and ponies (N = 25) learned to pull a rope to open a feeding apparatus after observing demonstrations by conspecifics, again, only if the demonstrating horse was older and higher ranking than the observer (Fisher's combination test, N = 3, v2 = 27.71, p = 0.006). Our third approach showed that horses and ponies (N = 24) learned to press a switch to open a feeding apparatus after observing a familiar person (GzLM: N = 24, z = 2.33, P = 0.02). Most recently, we confronted horses and ponies (N = 50) with persons demonstrating different techniques for opening a feeding apparatus. In this study we investigated whether the horses would copy the demonstrators' techniques or apply their own. Here only some horses copied the technique, and most of the successful learners used their mouths irrespective of the demonstrators' postures (Chi Square Test: N = 40, df = 2, &#967;2 = 31.4, p < 0.001). In all the approaches social stimuli elicited learning processes in the test horses, while only a few individuals in the control groups mastered the tasks by individual learning. The following behaviour observed in the initial study may have been facilitated by a social stimuli (social facilitation), and the opening of the feed boxes in the subsequent studies appear to be mostly the result of enhancement (social enhancement). Some horses may have used the social stimuli at first and continued their learning process by individual trial and error. However, the horses were also selective in whom and some in how to copy. This may have been conditioned (socially conditioned) or the result of simple forms of reasoning on the reliability of the particular information provided by demonstrators of certain social ranks or social positions, as high ranking and familiar horses and familiar persons were copied and some imitated exactly.

Lay person message: Traditional riding instructions suggest that horses learn by observing other horses. For example, older, more experienced driving horses are used for initial training of young driving horses. We have shown that horses indeed use learning stimuli provided by other horse, as well as by humans. Horses readily accept stimuli observed in high ranking and familiar horses, and familiar persons. Such stimuli elicit learning processes which are comparable to individual learning. We suggest applying social learning whenever possible, as it is much faster and less stressful than individual learning, where learners experience negative outcomes in trial and error learning.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6405
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Author Krueger, K.
Title Perissodactyla Cognition Type Book Chapter
Year 2017 Publication Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-10
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Publisher Springer International Publishing Place of Publication Cham Editor Vonk, J.; Shackelford, T.
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ISSN (up) ISBN 978-3-319-47829-6 Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Krueger2017 Serial 6187
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Author Gaunitz, C.; Fages, A.; Hanghøj, K.; Albrechtsen, A.; Khan, N.; Schubert, M.; Seguin-Orlando, A.; Owens, I.J.; Felkel, S.; Bignon-Lau, O.; de Barros Damgaard, P.; Mittnik, A.; Mohaseb, A.F.; Davoudi, H.; Alquraishi, S.; Alfarhan, A.H.; Al-Rasheid, K.A.S.; Crubézy, E.; Benecke, N.; Olsen, S.; Brown, D.; Anthony, D.; Massy, K.; Pitulko, V.; Kasparov, A.; Brem, G.; Hofreiter, M.; Mukhtarova, G.; Baimukhanov, N.; Lõugas, L.; Onar, V.; Stockhammer, P.W.; Krause, J.; Boldgiv, B.; Undrakhbold, S.; Erdenebaatar, D.; Lepetz, S.; Mashkour, M.; Ludwig, A.; Wallner, B.; Merz, V.; Merz, I.; Zaibert, V.; Willerslev, E.; Librado, P.; Outram, A.K.; Orlando, L.
Title Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski's horses Type Journal Article
Year 2018 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal
Volume 360 Issue 6384 Pages 111-114
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Abstract The Eneolithic Botai culture of the Central Asian steppes provides the earliest archaeological evidence for horse husbandry, ~5,500 ya, but the exact nature of early horse domestication remains controversial. We generated 42 ancient horse genomes, including 20 from Botai. Compared to 46 published ancient and modern horse genomes, our data indicate that Przewalski's horses are the feral descendants of horses herded at Botai and not truly wild horses. All domestic horses dated from ~4,000 ya to present only show ~2.7% of Botai-related ancestry. This indicates that a massive genomic turnover underpins the expansion of the horse stock that gave rise to modern domesticates, which coincides with large-scale human population expansions during the Early Bronze Age.
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Call Number Admin @ knut @ Serial 6212
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Author McGreevy, P.
Title Equine Behavior A Guide for Veterinarians and Equine Scientists Type Book Whole
Year 2012 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Abstract Chapter 1 – Introduction, Pages 1-36

Chapter 2 – Perception, Pages 37-54

Chapter 3 – Behavior and the brain, Pages 55-84, Caroline Hahn

Chapter 4 – Learning, Pages 85-118

Chapter 5 – Social behavior, Pages 119-150

Chapter 6 – Communication, Pages 151-163

Chapter 7 – Locomotory behavior, Pages 165-187

Chapter 8 – Ingestive behavior, Pages 189-215

Chapter 9 – Eliminative behavior, Pages 217-221

Chapter 10 – Body care, Pages 223-243

Chapter 11 – Behavior of the stallion, Pages 245-264

Chapter 12 – Behavior of the mare, Pages 265-290

Chapter 13 – Training, Pages 291-311, Andrew McLean, Paul McGreevy

Chapter 14 – Handling and transport, Pages 313-329

Chapter 15 – Miscellaneous unwelcome behaviors, their causes and resolution, Pages 331-345

Further reading, Page 347

Glossary, Pages 351-356

Index, Pages 357-369
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ISSN (up) ISBN 978-0-7020-2634-8 Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6154
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Author McDonnell, S.
Title Understanding horse behavior. Your guide to horse health care and management Type Book Whole
Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 99 pp.
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Abstract The author has conducted much research on equine behaviour, and here presents her findings in a form suitable for owners of horses. Common behavioural problems are mentioned.
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Publisher Blood-Horse Inc. Place of Publication Lexington, KY 40544-4038 Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN (up) ISBN 1581500173 Medium
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Notes Author Affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA. Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6155
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