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| Author |
Cruz, H. |
| Title |
Towards a Darwinian Approach to Mathematics |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Foundations of Science |
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11 |
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157-196 |
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3441 |
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McLaren I.P.L. |
| Title |
Animal Learning and Cognition: A neural network approach |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
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Trends in Cognitive Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends. Cognit. Sci. |
| Volume |
2 |
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236-236 |
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3464 |
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| Author |
Vallortigara G. |
| Title |
Minds of Their Own |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Trends in Cognitive Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends. Cognit. Sci. |
| Volume |
2 |
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118-118 |
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3466 |
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| Author |
Ronald J. Schusterman; Colleen J. Reichmuth; David Kastak |
| Title |
How Animals Classify Friends and Foes |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Current Directions in Psychological Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. |
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9 |
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1-6 |
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no |
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3477 |
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| Author |
Thomas R. Zentall |
| Title |
Animal Cognition: The Bridge BetweenAnimal Learning and Human Cognition |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
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Psychological Science |
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10 |
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206-208 |
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no |
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3481 |
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| Author |
Appleby M. |
| Title |
Consciousness, Cognition and Animal Welfare – J.K. Kirkwood, R.C. Hubrecht, S. Wickens, H. O'Leary, S. Oakley (Eds.), Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, 2001, 251 pp., Paperback, Supplement to Volume 10 of Animal Welfare, 15/US$ 30, ISSN 0962-7286 |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
77 |
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239-241 |
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3485 |
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| Author |
Tomasello M.; Call J.; Hare B. |
| Title |
Chimpanzees understand psychological states – the question is which ones and to what extent |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Trends in Cognitive Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends. Cognit. Sci. |
| Volume |
7 |
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153-156 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3501 |
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| Author |
J. David Smith; David A. Washburn |
| Title |
Uncertainty Monitoring and Metacognition by Animals |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Current Directions in Psychological Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. |
| Volume |
14 |
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19-24 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3511 |
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| Author |
Josep Call; Brian Hare; Malinda Carpenter; Michael Tomasello |
| Title |
`Unwilling' versus `unable': chimpanzees' understanding of human intentional action |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Developmental Science |
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7 |
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Pages |
488-498 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3517 |
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| Author |
Gerber, B.; Hendel, T. |
| Title |
Outcome expectations drive learned behaviour in larval Drosophila |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. |
| Volume |
273 |
Issue |
1604 |
Pages |
2965-2968 |
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| Abstract |
Why does Pavlov's dog salivate? In response to the tone, or in expectation of food? While in vertebrates behaviour can be driven by expected outcomes, it is unknown whether this is true for non-vertebrates as well. We find that, in the Drosophila larva, odour memories are expressed behaviourally only if animals can expect a positive outcome from doing so. The expected outcome of tracking down an odour is determined by comparing the value of the current situation with the value of the memory for that odour. Memory is expressed behaviourally only if the expected outcome is positive. This uncovers a hitherto unrecognized evaluative processing step between an activated memory trace and behaviour control, and argues that learned behaviour reflects the pursuit of its expected outcome. Shown in a system with a simple brain, an apparently cognitive process like representing the expected outcome of behaviour seems to be a basic feature of behaviour control. |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3525 |
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