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| Author | Pennisi, E. | ||||
| Title | Schizophrenia clues from monkeys | Type | |||
| Year | 1997 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 277 | Issue | 5328 | Pages | 900 |
| Keywords | Animals; Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology; Behavior, Animal/drug effects; *Cercopithecus aethiops; Clozapine/pharmacology; Cognition/drug effects; *Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine/*metabolism; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology; Memory/drug effects; Phencyclidine/*pharmacology; Prefrontal Cortex/*metabolism; Schizophrenia/chemically induced/drug therapy/*metabolism; Schizophrenic Psychology | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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0036-8075 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:9281070 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2844 | ||
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| Author | Williams, N. | ||||
| Title | Evolutionary psychologists look for roots of cognition | Type | |||
| Year | 1997 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 275 | Issue | 5296 | Pages | 29-30 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Birds; *Cognition; *Evolution; Female; Humans; Macaca mulatta/psychology; Male; Memory; Reward; *Social Sciences | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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0036-8075 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:8999531 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2845 | ||
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| Author | Real, L.A. | ||||
| Title | Animal choice behavior and the evolution of cognitive architecture | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1991 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 253 | Issue | 5023 | Pages | 980-986 |
| Keywords | Animals; Bees/genetics/*physiology; Biomechanics; *Choice Behavior; *Cognition; *Evolution; Mathematics; Models, Genetic; Probability | ||||
| Abstract | Animals process sensory information according to specific computational rules and, subsequently, form representations of their environments that form the basis for decisions and choices. The specific computational rules used by organisms will often be evolutionarily adaptive by generating higher probabilities of survival, reproduction, and resource acquisition. Experiments with enclosed colonies of bumblebees constrained to foraging on artificial flowers suggest that the bumblebee's cognitive architecture is designed to efficiently exploit floral resources from spatially structured environments given limits on memory and the neuronal processing of information. A non-linear relationship between the biomechanics of nectar extraction and rates of net energetic gain by individual bees may account for sensitivities to both the arithmetic mean and variance in reward distributions in flowers. Heuristic rules that lead to efficient resource exploitation may also lead to subjective misperception of likelihoods. Subjective probability formation may then be viewed as a problem in pattern recognition subject to specific sampling schemes and memory constraints. | ||||
| Address | Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-3280 | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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0036-8075 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:1887231 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2846 | ||
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| Author | Galdikas, B.M. | ||||
| Title | Orangutan tool use | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1989 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 243 | Issue | 4888 | Pages | 152 |
| Keywords | Animals; Animals, Wild; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; *Hominidae; Humans; *Pongo pygmaeus | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN |
0036-8075 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:2911726 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2847 | ||
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| Author | Linton, M.L. | ||||
| Title | Washoe the chimpanzee | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1970 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 169 | Issue | 943 | Pages | 328 |
| Keywords | Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cognition; Cultural Deprivation; *Hominidae; Humans; Infant; *Language Development; Psychology, Comparative | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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0036-8075 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:5450363 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2849 | ||
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| Author | Vlajkoviç, S.; Nikoliç, V.; Nikoliç, A.; Milanoviç, S.žA.; Jankoviç, B.D. | ||||
| Title | Asymmetrical Modulation of Immune Reactivity in Left- and Right-Biased Rats After Ipsilateral Ablation of the Prefrontal, Parietal and Occipital Brain Neocortex | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1994 | Publication | Int J Neurosci | Abbreviated Journal | International Journal of Neuroscience |
| Volume | 78 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 123-134 |
| Keywords | Brain asymmetry, brain neocortex, cortical ablation, rotational behavior, rotational bias, immune responses, neuroimmunomodulation, neuroimmunology | ||||
| Abstract | We report here on the lateralized brain immunomodulation in male Wistar rats, a phenomenon related to the rotational bias of animal and the site of cortical lesion. Rats assigned to left- and right-rotators in a cylindrical Plexiglass rotometer were subjected to the ablation of the ipsilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), parietal cortex (PC) and occipital cortex (OC) and sensitized with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in complete Freund's adjuvant. Intact and sham-lesioned left-biased animals demonstrated increased Arthus and delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions and antibody production to BSA in comparison with corresponding right-biased animals. PFC ablation decreased humoral and cellular immune responses to BSA in left- but increased in right-biased rats. Lesioning of PC decreased humoral immune reactions in left- but increased in right-rotating animals. OC ablation failed to produce immunological abnormalities, These results suggest that immunopotentiation is associated with the left neocortex, and immunosuppression with the right neocortex. The prefrontal cortex appears to be particularly associated with immune reactions. | ||||
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| Publisher | Informa Clin Med | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN |
0020-7454 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | doi: 10.3109/00207459408986051 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5777 | ||
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| Author | Singh,M.; Singh,M.; Sharma, A. K.; Krishna B. A. | ||||
| Title | Methodological considerations in measurement of dominance in primates | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | CURRENT SCIENCE | Abbreviated Journal | CURRENT SCIENCE |
| Volume | 84 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 709-713 |
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| Abstract | The strength of dominance hierarchy in a group of animals needs to be quantitatively measured since it influences many other aspects of social interactions. This article discusses three attempts made by previous researchers to measure the strength of hierarchy. We propose a method which attempts to rectify the lacunae in the previous attempts. Data are used from a group of Japanese macaques housed in a colony. A method to calculate strength of hierarchy has been illustrated and a procedure has been suggested to normalize the dominance scores in order to place the ranks of individuals on an interval scale. |
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| Publisher | Biopsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Mysore, Mysore 570 006, India | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2860 | ||
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| Author | Emery, N.J.; Clayton, N.S. | ||||
| Title | The Mentality of Crows: Convergent Evolution of Intelligence in Corvids and Apes | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Science | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 306 | Issue | 5703 | Pages | 1903-1907 |
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| Abstract | Discussions of the evolution of intelligence have focused on monkeys and apes because of their close evolutionary relationship to humans. Other large-brained social animals, such as corvids, also understand their physical and social worlds. Here we review recent studies of tool manufacture, mental time travel, and social cognition in corvids, and suggest that complex cognition depends on a “tool kit” consisting of causal reasoning, flexibility, imagination, and prospection. Because corvids and apes share these cognitive tools, we argue that complex cognitive abilities evolved multiple times in distantly related species with vastly different brain structures in order to solve similar socioecological problems. | ||||
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| Notes | 10.1126/science.1098410 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2959 | ||
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| Author | Jolly, A. | ||||
| Title | Lemur social behavior and primate intelligence | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1966 | Publication | Science | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 153 | Issue | 3735 | Pages | 501 - 506 |
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| Abstract | Our human intellect has resulted from an enormous leap in capacity above the level of monkeys and apes. Earlier, though, Old and New World monkeys' intelligence outdistanced that of other mammals, including the prosimian primates. This first great advance in intelligence probably was selected through interspecific competition on the large continents. However, even at this early stage, primate social life provided the evolutionary context of primate intelligence. Two arguments support this conclusion. One is ontogenetic: modern monkeys learn so much of their social behavior, and learn their behavior toward food and toward other species through social example. The second is phylogenetic: some prosimians, the social lemurs, have evolved the usual primate type of society and social learning without the capacity to manipulate objects as monkeys do. It thus seems likely that the rudiments of primate society preceded the growth of primate intelligence, made it possible, and determined its nature. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3010 | ||
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| Author | Peham, C.; Licka, T.; Schobesberger, H.; Meschan, E. | ||||
| Title | Influence of the rider on the variability of the equine gait | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Human Movement Science | Abbreviated Journal | European Workshop on Movement Science |
| Volume | 23 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 663-671 |
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| Abstract | The aim of this study was to show that the motion pattern of a well-ridden horse varies less than the motion pattern of an unridden horse. In order to do so, we recorded the motion of two markers, one attached to the dorsal spinous processus of lumbar vertebra L4, the other to the right fore hoof. In total, we measured 21 horses in trot, ridden and unridden, with a fitting and with a non-fitting saddle. After breaking down the entire time series of the three-dimensional motion of the markers into their respective motion cycles, we computed a measure of motion pattern variability for the motion as well as for the derivatives (velocity and acceleration) along each of the three principal dimensions. Two of six variables (velocity and acceleration in the forward direction) displayed a significant discrimination between the ridden and the unridden case, and demonstrated the beneficial effect of a rider on the horse's motion pattern variability. Saddle fit was shown to have also an influence on motion variability: variability of two variables (velocity and of acceleration in forward direction) was significantly lower with a fitting saddle compared to a non-fitting saddle, a third variable (acceleration in the transversal direction) showed a significant difference also. This new method offers an objective evaluation of saddle fit, and a sensitive assessment of the quality of the rider in the moving horse. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3670 | ||
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