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Author |
Lee, R.D. |
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Title |
Rethinking the evolutionary theory of aging: transfers, not births, shape senescence in social species |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
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Volume |
100 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
9637-9642 |
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Keywords |
Adaptation, Physiological; *Aging; Animals; *Biological Evolution; Demography; Economics; Environment; Fertility; Humans; Life Expectancy; Longevity; Models, Theoretical; Parturition; Population Dynamics; Population Growth; Reproduction |
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Abstract |
The classic evolutionary theory of aging explains why mortality rises with age: as individuals grow older, less lifetime fertility remains, so continued survival contributes less to reproductive fitness. However, successful reproduction often involves intergenerational transfers as well as fertility. In the formal theory offered here, age-specific selective pressure on mortality depends on a weighted average of remaining fertility (the classic effect) and remaining intergenerational transfers to be made to others. For species at the optimal quantity-investment tradeoff for offspring, only the transfer effect shapes mortality, explaining postreproductive survival and why juvenile mortality declines with age. It also explains the evolution of lower fertility, longer life, and increased investments in offspring. |
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Address |
Department of Demography, University of California, 2232 Piedmont Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94720-2120, USA. rlee@demog.berkeley.edu |
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English |
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0027-8424 |
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Notes |
PMID:12878733 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5465 |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B.; Berger, M.L. |
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Title |
Payment for labour in monkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
404 |
Issue |
6778 |
Pages |
563 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cebus/*physiology; *Cooperative Behavior; Evolution; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Male; Reward |
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Abstract |
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Address |
Living Links, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
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0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:10766228 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
190 |
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Author |
Johnson, D.D.P.; Stopka, P.; Knights, S. |
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Title |
Sociology: The puzzle of human cooperation |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
421 |
Issue |
6926 |
Pages |
911-2; discussion 912 |
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Keywords |
Altruism; *Cooperative Behavior; Evolution; Humans; *Models, Biological; Punishment; Reward; Risk |
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Address |
Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. dominic@post.harvard.edu |
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0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:12606989 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
467 |
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Author |
Dyer, F.C. |
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Title |
Animal behaviour: when it pays to waggle |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
419 |
Issue |
6910 |
Pages |
885-886 |
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Keywords |
*Animal Communication; Animals; Bees/*physiology; California; Dancing/physiology; Environment; Evolution; Female; Flowers/chemistry; *Food; Gravitation; Lighting; Motor Activity/*physiology; Odors; Seasons; Sunlight |
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0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:12410290 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
769 |
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Author |
Crook, J.H. |
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Title |
On attributing consciousness to animals |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
303 |
Issue |
5912 |
Pages |
11-14 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; *Consciousness; Evolution; Learning |
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English |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:6843653 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2795 |
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Author |
Novacek, M.J. |
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Title |
Mammalian phylogeny: shaking the tree |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
356 |
Issue |
6365 |
Pages |
121-125 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Evolution; Fossils; Mammals/classification/*genetics; *Phylogeny |
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Abstract |
Recent palaeontological discoveries and the correspondence between molecular and morphological results provide fresh insight on the deep structure of mammalian phylogeny. This new wave of research, however, has yet to resolve some important issues. |
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Address |
American Museum of Natural History, New York 10024 |
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English |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:1545862 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3546 |
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Author |
Berger, J. |
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Title |
Induced abortion and social factors in wild horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
303 |
Issue |
5912 |
Pages |
59-61 |
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Keywords |
Abortion, Induced/*veterinary; Abortion, Veterinary/*etiology; Aggression/physiology; Animals; Evolution; Female; Horses/*physiology; Humans; Pregnancy; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology |
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Abstract |
Much evidence now suggests that the postnatal killing of young in primates and carnivores, and induced abortions in some rodents, are evolved traits exerting strong selective pressures on adult male and female behaviour. Among ungulates it is perplexing that either no species have developed convergent tactics or that these behaviours are not reported, especially as ungulates have social systems similar to those of members of the above groups. Only in captive horses (Equus caballus) has infant killing been reported. It has been estimated that 40,000 wild horses live in remote areas of the Great Basin Desert of North America (US Department of Interior (Bureau of Land Management), unpublished report), where they occur in harems (females and young) defended by males. Here I present evidence that, rather than killing infants directly, invading males induce abortions in females unprotected by their resident stallions and these females are then inseminated by the new males. |
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English |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:6682487 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4365 |
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Author |
Weissing, F.J. |
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Title |
Animal behaviour: Born leaders |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
474 |
Issue |
7351 |
Pages |
288-289 |
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Keywords |
* Animal behaviour * Evolution * Psychology |
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Abstract |
Social animals face a dilemma. To reap the benefits of group living, they have to stay together. However, individuals differ in their preferences as to where to go and what to do next. If all individuals follow their own preferences, group coherence is undermined, resulting in an outcome that is unfavourable for everyone. Neglecting one's own preferences and following a leader is one way to resolve this coordination problem. But what attributes make an individual a 'leader'? A modelling study by Johnstone and Manica1 illuminates this question. |
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Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved. |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
10.1038/474288a |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5396 |
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Author |
Bonnie, K.E.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
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Title |
Affiliation promotes the transmission of a social custom: handclasp grooming among captive chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
27-34 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Zoo/*physiology; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Cultural Evolution; Grooming/*physiology; Observation; Pan troglodytes/*physiology; *Social Behavior |
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Abstract |
Handclasp grooming is a unique social custom, known to occur regularly among some, but not all populations of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). As with other cultural behaviors, it is assumed that this distinctive grooming posture is learned socially by one individual from another. However, statistical comparisons among factors thought to influence how a behavior spreads within a group have never, to our knowledge, been conducted. In the present study, the origination and spread of handclasp grooming in a group of captive chimpanzees was followed throughout more than 1,500 h of observation over a period of 12 years. We report on the frequency, bout duration, and number and demography of performers throughout the study period, and compare these findings to those reported for wild populations. We predicted that dyads with strong affiliative ties, measured by time spent in proximity to and grooming one another, were likely to develop a handclasp grooming partnership during the study period. A quadratic assignment procedure was used to compare correlations among observed frequencies of grooming and proximity with handclasp grooming in all possible dyads within the group. As predicted, the formation of new handclasp grooming dyads was positively correlated with the rate of overall grooming and proximity within a dyad. In addition, in nearly all dyads formed, at least one individual had been previously observed to handclasp groom. We concluded that affiliation and individual experience determines the transmission of handclasp grooming among captive chimpanzees. |
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Address |
Department of Psychology, Emory University, and Living Links Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, GA 30329, USA. kebonni@emory.edu |
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English |
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ISSN |
0032-8332 |
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Notes |
PMID:16142425 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
161 |
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Author |
Thrower, W.R. |
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Title |
Aggression in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1970 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc R Soc Med |
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Volume |
63 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
163-167 |
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Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Breeding; Evolution; *Horses; Humans; Species Specificity; Territoriality |
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ISSN |
0035-9157 |
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Notes |
PMID:5462347 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1966 |
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