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| Author | de Waal, F.B. | ||||
| Title | The organization of agonistic relations within two captive groups of Java-monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1977 | Publication | Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie | Abbreviated Journal | Z. Tierpsychol. |
| Volume | 44 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 225-282 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Competitive Behavior/*physiology; Fear; Female; Haplorhini; Humans; Macaca/*physiology; Macaca fascicularis/*physiology; Male; Sex Factors; Social Behavior; Social Dominance | ||||
| Abstract | The paper offers a detailed quantitative descripition of the distribution of agonistic activities over the members of two groups of Java-monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). These groups lived in captivity and were well-established: i.e. they had an extensive network of genealogical relationships. The study pays special attention to agonistic interactions with three or more participants. Its main purpose is an analysis of the way dyadic agonistic relations (e.g. dominance relations) are affected by third group members and the relations among these. The paper presents data on the ontogeny of 'dependent dominance', the 'control role' of the alpha-male, and the functions of different types of alliances. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN  |
0044-3573 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:412345 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 213 | ||
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| Author | Kiley, M. | ||||
| Title | The vocalizations of ungulates, their causation and function | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1972 | Publication | Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie | Abbreviated Journal | Z. Tierpsychol. |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 171-222 |
| Keywords | Aggression; Animals; *Artiodactyla; Cattle; Fear; Female; Frustration; Horses; Humans; Male; Pain; *Perissodactyla; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Swine; *Vocalization, Animal | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN |
0044-3573 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:4674022 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 681 | ||
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| Author | Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L.; Marler, P. | ||||
| Title | Monkey responses to three different alarm calls: evidence of predator classification and semantic communication | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1980 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 210 | Issue | 4471 | Pages | 801-803 |
| Keywords | *Animal Communication; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cercopithecidae/*physiology; *Fear; Female; Male; Predatory Behavior; Vocalization, Animal | ||||
| Abstract | Vervet monkeys give different alarm calls to different predators. Recordings of the alarms played back when predators were absent caused the monkeys to run into trees for leopard alarms, look up for eagle alarms, and look down for snake alarms. Adults call primarily to leopards, martial eagles, and pythons, but infants give leopard alarms to various mammals, eagle alarms to many birds, and snake alarms to various snakelike objects. Predator classification improves with age and experience. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN |
0036-8075 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:7433999 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 351 | ||
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| Author | Forkman, B.; Boissy, A.; Meunier-Salaün, M.-C.; Canali, E.; Jones, R.B. | ||||
| Title | A critical review of fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry and horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Physiology & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Physiol. Behav. |
| Volume | 92 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 340-374 |
| Keywords | Fear; Cattle; Sheep; Pig; Poultry; Horse; Open field; Tonic immobility; Novel object | ||||
| Abstract | FORKMAN, B., A., BOISSY, M.-C., SALAUN, E., CANALI, AND R.B., JONES. A critical review of fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry and horses. PHYSIOL. BEHAV. 000-000, 2007. Fear is arguably the most commonly investigated emotion in domestic animals. In the current review we attempt to establish the level of repeatability and validity found for fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep and goats, poultry and horses. We focus the review on the three most common types of fear tests: the arena test (open field), the novel object test, and the restraint test. For some tests, e.g. tonic immobility in poultry, there is a good and broad literature on factors that affect the outcome of the test, the validity of the test and its age dependency. However, there are comparatively few of these well defined and validated tests and what is especially missing for most tests is information on the robustness, i.e., what aspects can be changed without affecting the validity of the tests. The relative absence of standardized tests hampers the development of applied ethology as a science. | ||||
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| ISSN |
0031-9384 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4811 | ||
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| Author | Hamilton, W.D. | ||||
| Title | Geometry for the selfish herd | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | Journal of theoretical biology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Theor. Biol. |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 295-311 |
| Keywords | Animals; Anura; *Behavior, Animal; Breeding; Communication; Evolution; Fear; Metallurgy; *Models, Biological; Probability; Snakes; *Spatial Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | This paper presents an antithesis to the view that gregarious behaviour is evolved through benefits to the population or species. Following Galton (1871) and Williams (1964) gregarious behaviour is considered as a form of cover-seeking in which each animal tries to reduce its chance of being caught by a predator. It is easy to see how pruning of marginal individuals can maintain centripetal instincts in already gregarious species; some evidence that marginal pruning actually occurs is summarized. Besides this, simply defined models are used to show that even in non-gregarious species selection is likely to favour individuals who stay close to others. Although not universal or unipotent, cover-seeking is a widespread and important element in animal aggregation, as the literature shows. Neglect of the idea has probably followed from a general disbelief that evolution can be dysgenic for a species. Nevertheless, selection theory provides no support for such disbelief in the case of species with outbreeding or unsubdivided populations. The model for two dimensions involves a complex problem in geometrical probability which has relevance also in metallurgy and communication science. Some empirical data on this, gathered from random number plots, is presented as of possible heuristic value. |
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN |
0022-5193 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:5104951 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 771 | ||
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| Author | Shettleworth, S.J. | ||||
| Title | Stimulus relevance in the control of drinking and conditioned fear responses in domestic chicks (Gallus gallus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1972 | Publication | Journal of comparative and physiological psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Physiol Psychol |
| Volume | 80 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 175-198 |
| Keywords | Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Auditory Perception; Chickens; *Conditioning (Psychology); Conditioning, Classical; Discrimination Learning; *Drinking Behavior; Electroshock; *Fear; *Light; Motor Activity; Photic Stimulation; Punishment; Quinine; *Sound; Taste; Visual Perception | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN |
0021-9940 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:5047826 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 390 | ||
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| Author | Cook, M.; Mineka, S.; Wolkenstein, B.; Laitsch, K. | ||||
| Title | Observational conditioning of snake fear in unrelated rhesus monkeys | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1985 | Publication | Journal of abnormal psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J Abnorm Psychol |
| Volume | 94 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 591-610 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Conditioning, Classical; *Fear; Female; Macaca mulatta; Male; Snakes | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN |
0021-843X | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:4078162 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 707 | ||
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| Author | Menzel, E.W.J. | ||||
| Title | Communication about the environment in a group of young chimpanzees | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Folia Primatol (Basel) |
| Volume | 15 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 220-232 |
| Keywords | *Animal Communication; Animals; Environment; Fear; Leadership; *Pan troglodytes; Problem Solving; Social Behavior; Species Specificity; Vocalization, Animal | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN |
0015-5713 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:5120654 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4184 | ||
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| Author | Stahl, F.; Dorner, G. | ||||
| Title | Responses of salivary cortisol levels to stress-situations | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Endokrinologie | Abbreviated Journal | Endokrinologie |
| Volume | 80 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 158-162 |
| Keywords | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/diagnostic use; Anxiety Disorders/metabolism; Circadian Rhythm; Cushing Syndrome/metabolism; Fear/physiology; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone/*metabolism; Male; Pain/metabolism; Pregnancy; Saliva/*metabolism; Stress/*metabolism | ||||
| Abstract | A procedure is described for determining salivary cortisol levels by a competitive protein-binding assay using horse transcortin. The collection of saliva was performed by means of filter paper-strips. Filter paper samples are more than 5 days stable after air-drying. In this form, the samples could be stored without refrigerator or deep-freezer and, if necessary, sent by post to the laboratory without any special precaution. Stressful situation of either painful or anxious origin were associated with an adequate increase of salivary cortisol levels. The increases were 157 to 230% of the initial or normal values dependent on the kind of stress. The mean values in 4 cases of Cushing's syndrome were 380% and 1 hour after 25 I.U. ACTH 690% higher than those in normal persons. In normal persons, a well-defined circadian rhythm has been observed. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN |
0013-7251 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:6297880 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 4056 | ||
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| Author | Albentosa, M.J.; Kjaer, J.B.; Nicol, C.J. | ||||
| Title | Strain and age differences in behaviour, fear response and pecking tendency in laying hens | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | British poultry science | Abbreviated Journal | Br Poult Sci |
| Volume | 44 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 333-344 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Aggression/*physiology; Animal Husbandry; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Breeding; Chickens/genetics/*physiology; Fear/*physiology; Feathers/*injuries; Female; Housing, Animal; Population Density; Social Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | 1. Behaviours associated with a high or low tendency to feather peck could be used as predictors of feather pecking behaviour in selective breeding programmes. This study investigated how strain and age at testing influenced responses in behavioural tests. 2. Four layer-type strains (ISA Brown, Columbian Blacktail, Ixworth and a high feather pecking (HP) and a low feather pecking (LP) line of White Leghorn) were reared in 6 same-strain/line pens of 8 birds from one day old. Birds in half the pens were given an open field test, a novel object test and a test with loose feather bundles between 4 and 12 weeks of age and a tonic immobility (TI) test at 13 weeks of age. All pens were tested with fixed feather bundles at 26 weeks, and undisturbed behaviour in the home pens was videoed at 1 and 27 weeks of age. Daily records of plumage damage were used as an indicator of feather pecking activity in the home pens. 3. Strain did not influence novel object test, open field test or loose feather test behaviour, although age effects in all three tests indicated a reduction in fearfulness and/or an increase in exploratory behaviour with increasing age. 4. White Leghorns showed longer TI durations than the other strains but less pecking at fixed feather bundles than ISA Browns and Columbian Blacktails. 5. There were few associations between behaviour in the 5 different tests, indicating that birds did not have overall behavioural traits that were consistent across different contexts. This suggests hens cannot easily be categorised into different behavioural 'types', based on their test responses and casts doubt on the usefulness of tests as predictors of feather pecking. | ||||
| Address | Centre for Behavioural Biology, Division of Farm Animal Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, England. MAlbentosa@lincoln.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN |
0007-1668 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:13677322 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 80 | ||
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