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| Author | Hamilton, W.D. | ||||
| Title | Geometry for the selfish herd | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | Journal of theoretical biology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Theor. Biol. |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 295-311 |
| Keywords | Animals; Anura; *Behavior, Animal; Breeding; Communication; Evolution; Fear; Metallurgy; *Models, Biological; Probability; Snakes; *Spatial Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | This paper presents an antithesis to the view that gregarious behaviour is evolved through benefits to the population or species. Following Galton (1871) and Williams (1964) gregarious behaviour is considered as a form of cover-seeking in which each animal tries to reduce its chance of being caught by a predator. It is easy to see how pruning of marginal individuals can maintain centripetal instincts in already gregarious species; some evidence that marginal pruning actually occurs is summarized. Besides this, simply defined models are used to show that even in non-gregarious species selection is likely to favour individuals who stay close to others. Although not universal or unipotent, cover-seeking is a widespread and important element in animal aggregation, as the literature shows. Neglect of the idea has probably followed from a general disbelief that evolution can be dysgenic for a species. Nevertheless, selection theory provides no support for such disbelief in the case of species with outbreeding or unsubdivided populations. The model for two dimensions involves a complex problem in geometrical probability which has relevance also in metallurgy and communication science. Some empirical data on this, gathered from random number plots, is presented as of possible heuristic value. |
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN  |
0022-5193 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:5104951 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 771 | ||
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| Author | Bergstrom, C.T.; Lachmann, M. | ||||
| Title | Signaling among relatives. III. Talk is cheap | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
| Volume | 95 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 5100-5105 |
| Keywords | Animal Communication; Animals; Costs and Cost Analysis; *Evolution; Interpersonal Relations; Models, Biological | ||||
| Abstract | The Sir Philip Sidney game has been used by numerous authors to show how signal cost can facilitate honest signaling among relatives. Here, we demonstrate that, in this game, honest cost-free signals are possible as well, under very general conditions. Moreover, these cost-free signals are better for all participants than the previously explored alternatives. Recent empirical evidence suggests that begging is energetically inexpensive for nestling birds; this finding led some researchers to question the applicability of the costly signaling framework to nestling begging. Our results show that cost-free or inexpensive signals, as observed empirically, fall within the framework of signaling theory. | ||||
| Address | Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. carl@charles.stanford.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
0027-8424 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:9560235 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 561 | ||
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| Author | Griffin, D.R. | ||||
| Title | Animals know more than we used to think | Type | |||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
| Volume | 98 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 4833-4834 |
| Keywords | Animal Communication; Animals; Attention/physiology; Brain/physiology; Choice Behavior/physiology; Cognition/*physiology; Humans; Macaca mulatta/physiology/*psychology; Memory/*physiology; Optic Disk/physiology; Psychological Tests | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN |
0027-8424 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11320232 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2823 | ||
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| Author | Dyer, F.C. | ||||
| Title | Animal behaviour: when it pays to waggle | Type | |||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 419 | Issue | 6910 | Pages | 885-886 |
| Keywords | *Animal Communication; Animals; Bees/*physiology; California; Dancing/physiology; Environment; Evolution; Female; Flowers/chemistry; *Food; Gravitation; Lighting; Motor Activity/*physiology; Odors; Seasons; Sunlight | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
0028-0836 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:12410290 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 769 | ||
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| Author | Liebal, K.; Pika, S.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Social communication in siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus): use of gestures and facial expressions | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Primates | Abbreviated Journal | Primates |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 41-57 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; *Animal Communication; Animals; Animals, Zoo/*physiology; *Cognition; Female; Hylobates/*physiology; *Kinesics; Male; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; Video Recording | ||||
| Abstract | The current study represents the first systematic investigation of the social communication of captive siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus). The focus was on intentional signals, including tactile and visual gestures, as well as facial expressions and actions. Fourteen individuals from different groups were observed and the signals used by individuals were recorded. Thirty-one different signals, consisting of 12 tactile gestures, 8 visual gestures, 7 actions, and 4 facial expressions, were observed, with tactile gestures and facial expressions appearing most frequently. The range of the signal repertoire increased steadily until the age of six, but declined afterwards in adults. The proportions of the different signal categories used within communicative interactions, in particular actions and facial expressions, also varied depending on age. Group differences could be traced back mainly to social factors or housing conditions. Differences in the repertoire of males and females were most obvious in the sexual context. Overall, most signals were used flexibly, with the majority performed in three or more social contexts and almost one-third of signals used in combination with other signals. Siamangs also adjusted their signals appropriately for the recipient, for example, using visual signals most often when the recipient was already attending (audience effects). These observations are discussed in the context of siamang ecology, social structure, and cognition. | ||||
| Address | Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. liebal@eva.mpg.de | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN |
0032-8332 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:14655035 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2812 | ||
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| Author | Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L.; Marler, P. | ||||
| Title | Monkey responses to three different alarm calls: evidence of predator classification and semantic communication | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1980 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 210 | Issue | 4471 | Pages | 801-803 |
| Keywords | *Animal Communication; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cercopithecidae/*physiology; *Fear; Female; Male; Predatory Behavior; Vocalization, Animal | ||||
| Abstract | Vervet monkeys give different alarm calls to different predators. Recordings of the alarms played back when predators were absent caused the monkeys to run into trees for leopard alarms, look up for eagle alarms, and look down for snake alarms. Adults call primarily to leopards, martial eagles, and pythons, but infants give leopard alarms to various mammals, eagle alarms to many birds, and snake alarms to various snakelike objects. Predator classification improves with age and experience. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN |
0036-8075 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:7433999 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 351 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Feist, J.D.; McCullough, D.R. | ||||
| Title | Behavior patterns and communication in feral horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1976 | Publication | Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie | Abbreviated Journal | Z. Tierpsychol. |
| Volume | 41 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 337-371 |
| Keywords | *Animal Communication; Animals; Female; *Horses; Male; Maternal Behavior; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance | ||||
| Abstract | The social behavior of feral horses was studied in the western United States. Stable harem groups with a dominant stallion and bachelor hermaphrodite hermaphrodite groups occupied overlapping home ranges. Groups spacing, but not territoriality, was expressed. Harem group, stability resulted from strong dominance by dominant stallions, and fidelity of group members. Eliminations of group members were usually marked by urine of the dominant stallion. Hermaphrodite-hermaphrodite aggression involved spacing between harems and dominance in bachelor groups. Marking with feces was important in hermaphrodite-hermaphrodite interactions. Foaling occurred in May and early June, following the post-partum estrous. All breeding was done by harem stallions. Young were commonly nursed through yearling age. These horses showed social organizations similar to other feral horses and plains zebras. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
0044-3573 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:983427 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3995 | ||
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| Author | Zenzinger, S. | ||||
| Title | Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur optischen Kommunikation bei im Zoo gehaltenen Schabracken- und Flachlandtapiren (Tapirus indicus und Tapirus terrestris) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Der Zoologische Garten | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 79 | Issue | 4-5 | Pages | 162-174 |
| Keywords | Tapirus indicus; Tapirus terrestris; communication; optical stimuli; posters; white ear rims; key stimulus | ||||
| Abstract | Until now, unlike their relatives, rhinos and horses tapirs have received considerably less attention in studies about communication. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to test which stimuli contain optical information for tapirs. For this purpose, the reactions of tapirs on optical stimuli (posters with edited tapir silhouettes) were examined. Research visits took place at the zoos of Berlin, Dortmund, Heidelberg, Munich, Nuremberg and Osnabrück during the year 2006. A total of 23 individuals, thereof 8 (5.3) Malayan tapirs (Tapirus indicus) and 15 (5.10) Lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) attended the experiment. The results of the optical test with variously intense edited tapir silhouettes speak for the importance of the white ear rims as a family specific key stimulus. But that effect could not be amplified by adding a greater extent of white to the silhouette. Tapirs of both species reacted most strongly to the normal tapir silhouette followed by a silhouette without proboscis. | ||||
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| ISSN |
0044-5169 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5321 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. | ||||
| Title | Signalers and receivers in animal communication | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Annual review of psychology | Abbreviated Journal | Annu Rev Psychol |
| Volume | 54 | Issue | Pages | 145-173 | |
| Keywords | Affect; *Animal Communication; Animals; Arousal; Auditory Perception; Motivation; *Social Behavior; Social Environment; Species Specificity; *Vocalization, Animal | ||||
| Abstract | In animal communication natural selection favors callers who vocalize to affect the behavior of listeners and listeners who acquire information from vocalizations, using this information to represent their environment. The acquisition of information in the wild is similar to the learning that occurs in laboratory conditioning experiments. It also has some parallels with language. The dichotomous view that animal signals must be either referential or emotional is false, because they can easily be both: The mechanisms that cause a signaler to vocalize do not limit a listener's ability to extract information from the call. The inability of most animals to recognize the mental states of others distinguishes animal communication most clearly from human language. Whereas signalers may vocalize to change a listener's behavior, they do not call to inform others. Listeners acquire information from signalers who do not, in the human sense, intend to provide it. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. seyfarth@psych.upenn.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
0066-4308 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:12359915 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 690 | ||
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| Author | de Waal, F.B.M. | ||||
| Title | Animal communication: panel discussion | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Ann N Y Acad Sci |
| Volume | 1000 | Issue | Pages | 79-87 | |
| Keywords | Acoustics; Affect; *Animal Communication; Animals | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
0077-8923 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:14766621 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 176 | ||
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