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Gholib, G.; Heistermann, M.; Agil, M.; Supriatna, I.; Purwantara, B.; Nugraha, T.P.; Engelhardt, A. |
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Title |
Comparison of fecal preservation and extraction methods for steroid hormone metabolite analysis in wild crested macaques |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
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Volume |
59 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
281-292 |
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Abstract |
Since the non-invasive field endocrinology techniques were developed, several fecal preservation and extraction methods have been established for a variety of species. However, direct adaptation of methods from previous studies for use in crested macaques should be taken with caution. We conducted an experiment to assess the accuracy and stability of fecal estrogen metabolite (E1C) and glucocorticoid metabolite (GCM) concentrations in response to several preservation parameters: (1) time lag between sample collection and fecal preservation; (2) long-term storage of fecal samples in 80% methanol (MeOH) at ambient temperature; (3) different degrees of feces drying temperature using a conventional oven; and (4) different fecal preservation techniques (i.e., freeze-drying, oven-drying, and field-friendly extraction method) and extraction solvents (methanol, ethanol, and commercial alcohol). The study used fecal samples collected from crested macaques (Macaca nigra) living in the Tangkoko Reserve, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Samples were assayed using validated E1C and GCM enzyme immunoassays. Concentrations of E1C and GCM in unprocessed feces stored at ambient temperature remained stable for up to 8 h of storage after which concentrations of both E1C and GCM changed significantly compared to controls extracted at time 0. Long-term storage in 80% MeOH at ambient temperature affected hormone concentrations significantly with concentrations of both E1C and GCM increasing after 6 and 4 months of storage, respectively. Drying fecal samples using a conventional oven at 50, 70, and 90 °C did not affect the E1C concentrations, but led to a significant decline for GCM concentrations in samples dried at 90 °C. Different fecal preservation techniques and extraction solvents provided similar results for both E1C and GCM concentrations. Our results confirm previous studies that prior to application of fecal hormone analysis in a new species, several preservation parameters should be evaluated for their effects on hormone metabolite stability. The results also provide several options for fecal preservation, extraction, and storage methods that can be selected depending on the condition of the field site and laboratory. |
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1610-7365 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Gholib2018 |
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6521 |
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Author |
Candura, S.M.; Verni, P.; Minelli, C.M.; Rosso, G.L.; Cappelli, M.I.; Strambi, S.; Martellosio, V. |
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Title |
[Occupational risks among public safety and security forces] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia |
Abbreviated Journal |
G Ital Med Lav Ergon |
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Volume |
28 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
53-62 |
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Keywords |
Burnout, Professional/etiology; Climate; Health Education; Humans; *Law Enforcement; Noise/adverse effects; *Occupational Diseases/chemically induced/etiology/prevention & control; *Occupational Health; *Police; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology; Stress, Psychological/etiology; Vibration/adverse effects |
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Abstract |
The present paper tries to identify the occupational risk factors (physical, chemical, biological, psychological), variable depending on jobs and tasks, to which the heterogeneous public safety/security workers are exposed. The fight against criminality and public order maintenance imply (sometimes fatal) traumatic risks, and expose to psychophysical and sensorial tiring, unfavourable macro- and microclimatic conditions, the risk of baropathy (air navigation, underwater activities), noise (generated by firearms and several other sources), vibrations and shakings (automatic weapons, transport vehicles), the risk of electric injury, ionizing (X and gamma rays) and non-inonizing (ultraviolet rays, microwaves and radiofrequencies, electromagnetic fields) radiations. Chemical hazards include carbon monoxide and other combustion products (fires, urban traffic), substances released in chemical accidents, tear gases, lead (firing grounds, metal works, environmental pollution), solvents, lubrificants and cutting oils (mechanic repair and maintenance), laboratory materials and reagents, irritant and/or sensitizing agents contained in gloves. The main biological risks are tetanus, blood-borne diseases (viral hepatitis, AIDS), aerogenous diseases (e.g., tuberculosis, Legionnaire's disease, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis), dog- or horse-transmitted zoonosis. Finally, emotional, psychosomatic and behavioural stress-related disorders (e.g., burn-out syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder) are typically frequent. The presence of numerous and diversified hazards among public safety/security forces imposes the adoption of occupational medicine measures, including risk assessment, health education, technical and environmental prevention, personal protective devices, sanitary surveillance and biological monitoring, clinical interventions (diagnosis, therapy and rehabilitation of occupational accidents and illnesses), prompt medico-legal evaluation of occupational-related compensation claims. |
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Scuola di Specializzazione in Medicina del Lavoro, Universita degli Studi di Pavia, Italy |
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Italian |
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Original Title |
Rischi professionali nelle Forze dell'Ordine |
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ISSN |
1592-7830 |
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PMID:16705889 |
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Serial |
1871 |
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Guidi, A.; Lanata, A.; Valenza, G.; Scilingo, E.P.; Baragli, P. |
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Title |
Validation of smart textile electrodes for electrocardiogram monitoring in free-moving horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Vet. Behav. |
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17 |
Issue |
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Pages |
19-23 |
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This article focuses on the validation of smart textile electrodes used to acquire electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in horses in a comfortable and robust manner. The performance of smart textile electrodes is compared with standard Ag/AgCl electrodes in terms of the percentage of motion artifacts (MAs, the noise that results from the movement of electrodes against the skin) and signal quality. Seven healthy Standardbred mares were equipped with 2 identical electronic systems for the simultaneous collection of ECGs. One system was equipped with smart textile electrodes, whereas the second was equipped with standard Ag/AgCl electrodes. Each horse was then monitored individually in a stall for 1 hour, without any movement constraints. The ECGs were visually examined by an expert who blindly labeled the ECG segments that had been corrupted by MAs. Finally, the percentage of MAs (MA%) was computed as the number of samples of the corrupted segments over the whole length of the signal. The total MA% was found to be lower for the smart textiles than for the Ag/AgCl electrodes. Consistent results were also obtained by investigating MAs over time. These results suggest that smart textile electrodes are more reliable when recording artifact-free ECGs in horses at rest. Thus, improving the acquisition of important physiological information related to the activity of the autonomic nervous system, such as heart rate variability, could help to provide reliable information on the mood and state of arousal of horses. |
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Elsevier |
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1558-7878 |
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doi: 10.1016/j.jveb.2016.10.001 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6213 |
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Author |
A. Lanata; A. Guidi; G. Valenza; P. Baragli; E. P. Scilingo |
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Title |
Quantitative heartbeat coupling measures in human-horse interaction |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) |
Abbreviated Journal |
2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (E |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
2696-2699 |
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Keywords |
electrocardiography; medical signal processing; signal classification; time series; Dtw; Hrv; Mpc; Msc; complex biological systems; dynamic time warping; grooming; heart rate variability time series; heartbeat dynamics; human-horse dynamic interaction; magnitude squared coherence; magnitude-phase coupling; mean phase coherence; nearest mean classifier; quantitative heartbeat coupling; real human-animal interaction; time duration; visual-olfactory interaction; Coherence; Couplings; Electrocardiography; Heart rate variability; Horses; Protocols; Time series analysis |
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Abstract |
Abstract— We present a study focused on a quantitative estimation of a human-horse dynamic interaction. A set of measures based on magnitude and phase coupling between heartbeat dynamics of both humans and horses in three different conditions is reported: no interaction, visual/olfactory interaction and grooming. Specifically, Magnitude Squared Coherence (MSC), Mean Phase Coherence (MPC) and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) have been used as estimators of the amount of coupling between human and horse through the analysis of their heart rate variability (HRV) time series in a group of eleven human subjects, and one horse. The rationale behind this study is that the interaction of two complex biological systems go towards a coupling process whose dynamical evolution is modulated by the kind and time duration of the interaction itself. We achieved a congruent and consistent
statistical significant difference for all of the three indices. Moreover, a Nearest Mean Classifier was able to recognize the three classes of interaction with an accuracy greater than 70%. Although preliminary, these encouraging results allow a discrimination of three distinct phases in a real human-animal interaction opening to the characterization of the empirically proven relationship between human and horse. |
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2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (E |
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1557-170x |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6175 |
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Author |
Gangemi, A.; Pisanelli, D.M.; Steve, G. |
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Title |
Understanding systematic conceptual structures in polysemous medical terms |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Proceedings / AMIA ... Annual Symposium. AMIA Symposium |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc AMIA Symp |
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Pages |
285-289 |
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Keywords |
*Linguistics; *Terminology; Vocabulary, Controlled |
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Abstract |
Polysemy is a bottleneck for the demanding needs of semantic data management. We suggest the importance of a well-founded conceptual analysis for understanding some systematic structures underlying polysemy in the medical lexicon. We present some cases studies, which exploit the methods (ontological integration and general theories) and tools (description logics and ontology libraries) of the ONIONS methodology defined elsewhere by the authors. This paper addresses an aspect (systematic metomymies) of the project we are involved in, which investigates the feasibility of building a large-scale ontology library of medicine that integrates the most important medical terminology banks. |
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Address |
Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, CNR Roma, Italy |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1531-605X |
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Notes |
PMID:11079890 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
613 |
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Author |
Crosby, M.B.; Zhang, J.; Nowling, T.M.; Svenson, J.L.; Nicol, C.J.; Gonzalez, F.J.; Gilkeson, G.S. |
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Title |
Inflammatory modulation of PPAR gamma expression and activity |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Clinical immunology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Clin Immunol |
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Volume |
118 |
Issue |
2-3 |
Pages |
276-283 |
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Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Cell Line, Transformed; Cells, Cultured; Female; Inflammation Mediators/*physiology; Kidney/metabolism; Mesangial Cells/metabolism; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred MRL lpr; Mice, Knockout; Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/biosynthesis/genetics; PPAR gamma/*biosynthesis/*genetics/metabolism; Up-Regulation/immunology |
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Abstract |
Nitric oxide (NO) production increases with age in the lupus-prone MRL/lpr mouse, paralleling disease activity. One mechanism for excess NO production in MRL/lpr mice may be a defect in down-regulatory mechanisms of the iNOS pathway. A potential modulator of NO is the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferation activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). We demonstrate that renal PPARgamma protein expression was altered as disease progressed in MRL/lpr mice, which paralleled increased iNOS protein expression. Additionally, MRL/lpr-derived primary mesangial cells expressed less PPARgamma than BALB/c mesangial cells and produced more NO in response to LPS and IFNgamma. Furthermore, PPARgamma activity was reduced in mesangial cells following exposure to inflammatory mediators. This activity was restored with the addition of a NOS enzyme inhibitor. These results indicate that the activation of inflammatory pathways may lead to reduced activity and expression of PPARgamma, further exacerbating the disease state. |
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Address |
Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA |
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English |
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ISSN |
1521-6616 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:16303334 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
67 |
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Author |
Paz-y-Miño C. G.; Bond, A.B.; Kamil, A.C.; Balda, R.P. |
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Title |
Pinyon jays use transitive inference to predict social dominance |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
430 |
Issue |
7001 |
Pages |
778-781 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cognition/*physiology; Group Structure; Male; *Social Dominance; Songbirds/*physiology |
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Abstract |
Living in large, stable social groups is often considered to favour the evolution of enhanced cognitive abilities, such as recognizing group members, tracking their social status and inferring relationships among them. An individual's place in the social order can be learned through direct interactions with others, but conflicts can be time-consuming and even injurious. Because the number of possible pairwise interactions increases rapidly with group size, members of large social groups will benefit if they can make judgments about relationships on the basis of indirect evidence. Transitive reasoning should therefore be particularly important for social individuals, allowing assessment of relationships from observations of interactions among others. Although a variety of studies have suggested that transitive inference may be used in social settings, the phenomenon has not been demonstrated under controlled conditions in animals. Here we show that highly social pinyon jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) draw sophisticated inferences about their own dominance status relative to that of strangers that they have observed interacting with known individuals. These results directly demonstrate that animals use transitive inference in social settings and imply that such cognitive capabilities are widespread among social species. |
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Address |
Center for Avian Cognition, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1476-4687 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:15306809 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @; Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029 |
Serial |
352 |
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Author |
Amdam, G.V.; Csondes, A.; Fondrk, M.K.; Page, R.E.J. |
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Title |
Complex social behaviour derived from maternal reproductive traits |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
439 |
Issue |
7072 |
Pages |
76-78 |
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Keywords |
Aging/physiology; Animals; Bees/*physiology; *Evolution; Feeding Behavior/*physiology; Female; Infertility, Female; Maternal Behavior/*physiology; Ovary/physiology; Pollen/metabolism; Reproduction/*physiology; *Social Behavior |
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Abstract |
A fundamental goal of sociobiology is to explain how complex social behaviour evolves, especially in social insects, the exemplars of social living. Although still the subject of much controversy, recent theoretical explanations have focused on the evolutionary origins of worker behaviour (assistance from daughters that remain in the nest and help their mother to reproduce) through expression of maternal care behaviour towards siblings. A key prediction of this evolutionary model is that traits involved in maternal care have been co-opted through heterochronous expression of maternal genes to result in sib-care, the hallmark of highly evolved social life in insects. A coupling of maternal behaviour to reproductive status evolved in solitary insects, and was a ready substrate for the evolution of worker-containing societies. Here we show that division of foraging labour among worker honey bees (Apis mellifera) is linked to the reproductive status of facultatively sterile females. We thereby identify the evolutionary origin of a widely expressed social-insect behavioural syndrome, and provide a direct demonstration of how variation in maternal reproductive traits gives rise to complex social behaviour in non-reproductive helpers. |
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Address |
Arizona State University, School of Life Sciences, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA. Gro.Amdam@asu.edu |
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English |
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1476-4687 |
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PMID:16397498 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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531 |
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Author |
Proudman, C.; Pinchbeck, G.; Clegg, P.; French, N. |
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Title |
Equine welfare: risk of horses falling in the Grand National |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
428 |
Issue |
6981 |
Pages |
385-386 |
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Keywords |
Accidental Falls/prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data; Animal Welfare; Animals; Great Britain; Horse Diseases/prevention & control; Horses/*physiology; Odds Ratio; Risk Assessment; *Sports |
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Abstract |
As in other competitive sports, the famous Grand National steeplechase, which is held at Aintree in the United Kingdom and is watched by 600 million people worldwide, sometimes results in injury. By analysing data from the past 15 Grand National races (consisting of 560 starts by horses), we are able to identify several factors that are significantly associated with failure to complete the race: no previous experience of the course and its unique obstacles, unfavourable ground conditions (too soft or too hard), a large number of runners, and the length of the odds ('starting price'). We also find that there is an increased risk of falling at the first fence and at the jump known as Becher's Brook, which has a ditch on the landing side. Our findings indicate ways in which the Grand National could be made safer for horses and illustrate how epidemiological analysis might contribute to preventing injury in competitive sport. |
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Address |
Epidemiology Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK. c.j.proudman@liverpool.ac.uk |
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English |
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1476-4687 |
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Notes |
PMID:15042079 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
535 |
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Author |
Wolf, M.; van Doorn, G.S.; Leimar, O.; Weissing, F.J. |
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Title |
Life-history trade-offs favour the evolution of animal personalities |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
447 |
Issue |
7144 |
Pages |
581-584 |
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Keywords |
Aggression/physiology/psychology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Evolution; Exploratory Behavior/physiology; Models, Biological; Personality/*physiology; Predatory Behavior/physiology; Reproduction/physiology; Risk-Taking; Selection (Genetics) |
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Abstract |
In recent years evidence has been accumulating that personalities are not only found in humans but also in a wide range of other animal species. Individuals differ consistently in their behavioural tendencies and the behaviour in one context is correlated with the behaviour in multiple other contexts. From an adaptive perspective, the evolution of animal personalities is still a mystery, because a more flexible structure of behaviour should provide a selective advantage. Accordingly, many researchers view personalities as resulting from constraints imposed by the architecture of behaviour (but see ref. 12). In contrast, we show here that animal personalities can be given an adaptive explanation. Our argument is based on the insight that the trade-off between current and future reproduction often results in polymorphic populations in which some individuals put more emphasis on future fitness returns than others. Life-history theory predicts that such differences in fitness expectations should result in systematic differences in risk-taking behaviour. Individuals with high future expectations (who have much to lose) should be more risk-averse than individuals with low expectations. This applies to all kinds of risky situations, so individuals should consistently differ in their behaviour. By means of an evolutionary model we demonstrate that this basic principle results in the evolution of animal personalities. It simultaneously explains the coexistence of behavioural types, the consistency of behaviour through time and the structure of behavioural correlations across contexts. Moreover, it explains the common finding that explorative behaviour and risk-related traits like boldness and aggressiveness are common characteristics of animal personalities. |
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Address |
Theoretical Biology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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1476-4687 |
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Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:17538618 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4098 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
