| Records |
| Author |
Cozzi, B.; Povinelli, M.; Ballarin, C.; Granato, A. |
| Title |
The Brain of the Horse: Weight and Cephalization Quotients |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Brain, Behavior and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Brain Behav Evol |
| Volume |
83 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
9-16 |
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| Abstract |
The horse is a common domestic animal whose anatomy has been studied since the XVI century. However, a modern neuroanatomy of this species does not exist and most of the data utilized in textbooks and reviews derive from single specimens or relatively old literature. Here, we report information on the brain of Equus caballus obtained by sampling 131 horses, including brain weight (as a whole and subdivided into its constituents), encephalization quotient (EQ), and cerebellar quotient (CQ), and comparisons with what is known about other relevant species. The mean weight of the fresh brains in our experimental series was 598.63 g (SEM ± 7.65), with a mean body weight of 514.12 kg (SEM ± 15.42). The EQ was 0.78 and the CQ was 0.841. The data we obtained indicate that the horse possesses a large, convoluted brain, with a weight similar to that of other hoofed species of like mass. However, the shape of the brain, the noteworthy folding of the neocortex, and the peculiar longitudinal distribution of the gyri suggest an evolutionary specificity at least partially separate from that of the Cetartiodactyla (even-toed mammals and cetaceans) with whom Perissodactyla (odd-toed mammals) are often grouped. |
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0006-8977 |
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| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6592 |
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| Author |
Jennings, D.J. |
| Title |
Limited evidence that visual lateralization is associated with fitness in rutting male fallow deer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
92 |
Issue |
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Pages |
85-91 |
| Keywords |
aggression; contest behaviour; Dama dama; fallow deer; lateral display; lateralization; mating success; third-party intervention behaviour |
| Abstract |
Under certain models of animal competition, individuals are expected to gather information about opponent quality in order to determine whether they should fight or withdraw. However, the ability to process complex information differs between individuals and across brain hemispheres: a feature of vertebrate cognition known as lateralization that is not anticipated by contest models. I investigated the relationship between aggressive behaviour and mating success during the fallow deer, Dama dama, rut and a measure of lateralization derived from eye preference during parallel walking. Results show that there was no relationship between the tendency to escalate to fighting or predictability in the tendency to engage in fighting and lateralization. Conversely, there was a quadratic relationship between third-party intervention behaviour and lateralization: the greater the tendency to intervene in ongoing fights the lower the degree of lateralization. However, individuals that showed lateralization for right-eye use were least likely to be targeted by the intervening male; thus lateralization is beneficial in this context because targeted males are highly likely to lose this subsequent encounter. The relationship between lateralization and mating success was also nonlinear: males that showed little evidence for an eye bias during lateral displays had the greatest mating success. Taken together, individuals that showed lateralization benefited from avoiding being targeted after third-party intervention; conversely, individuals that showed little evidence for lateralization actively intervened during ongoing fights and had higher mating success. These results suggest that, although lateralization does appear to confer a fitness advantage on individuals, this is not as extensive as anticipated. |
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0003-3472 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5802 |
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| Author |
Duboscq, J.; Agil, M.; Engelhardt, A.; Thierry, B. |
| Title |
The function of postconflict interactions: new prospects from the study of a tolerant species of primate |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
87 |
Issue |
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Pages |
107-120 |
| Keywords |
aggression; anxiety; conflict management; female; Macaca nigra; reconciliation; social tolerance; third-party interaction |
| Abstract |
Aggression can generate anxiety, create uncertainty about its aftermath and jeopardise social relationships. Postconflict interactions serve as conflict management strategies to mitigate these consequences. Whereas postconflict interactions are well characterized in many animals, their functions are still insufficiently investigated. Four functional hypotheses have been proposed: stress reduction, relationship repair, self-protection and benign intent. We aimed to test these hypotheses in females of a tolerant macaque species, the crested macaque, Macaca nigra, under natural conditions, for three postconflict interactions: reconciliation, affiliation and aggression with third parties. Our results provide meaningful contrasts compared with findings in other species. We found no evidence that aggression had consequences for individuals' behavioural indicators of anxiety, although it increased the likelihood of secondary aggression with third parties. There was little evidence for the stress reduction hypothesis as the occurrence of any of the three postconflict interactions investigated had little effect on the measured behavioural indicators of anxiety. Conflict and dyad characteristics also had limited influence on anxiety. The relationship repair function was only partly validated: dyads with stronger bonds or that exchanged more support did not reconcile more often, but dyads with attributes related to the symmetry, stability and predictability (i.e. security) within relationships did. Patterns of initiation and directionality of postconflict interactions in this study population suggest that reconciliation may constitute the signalling of appeasement and benign intent. Furthermore, we found that aggression towards third parties may serve as a source of self-protection and reassertion of the females' social status. The distinctive pattern of postconflict management strategies revealed in wild female crested macaques appears to be related to their typically tolerant social style. These results demonstrate the usefulness of concomitantly studying aggression, postconflict interactions and their functions, to understand conflict management strategies comprehensively, while taking into account the level of social tolerance characterizing the studied society. |
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0003-3472 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5889 |
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| Author |
Krueger, K.; Koenig von Borstel, U. |
| Title |
Grundlagen der Sinneswahrnehmung von Pferden |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Pferde verstehen – Umgang und Bodenarbeit |
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Pages |
38 - 54 |
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FN Verlag der deutschen Reiterlichen Vereinigung GmbH |
Place of Publication |
Warendorf |
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Deutsche Reiterliche Vereinigung e.V. |
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978-3-88542-793-3 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5942 |
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| Author |
Krueger, K.; Koenig von Borstel, U. |
| Title |
Wie Pferde lernen |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Pferde verstehen – Umgang und Bodenarbeit |
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Issue |
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Pages |
56-82 |
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FN Verlag der deutschen Reiterlichen Vereinigung GmbH |
Place of Publication |
Warendorf |
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Deutsche Reiterliche Vereinigung e.V. |
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978-3-88542-793-3 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5943 |
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| Author |
Krueger, K. |
| Title |
“Pferdehaltung und Ethologie der Pferde” im Bachelorstudiengang Pferdewirtschaft |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Forschendes Lernen initiieren, umsetzen und reflektieren |
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54-81 |
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UniversitätsVerlag Webler |
Place of Publication |
Bielefeld |
Editor |
: S. Lepp und C. Niederdrenk-Felgner |
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10: 3-937026-91-6 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5944 |
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| Author |
Krueger, K. |
| Title |
Die Bedeutung der Schiefe, Händigkeit und sensorische Lateralität der Pferde |
Type |
Conference Article |
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2014 |
Publication |
Pferdetage Baden-Württemberg 2014 |
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Matthaes Medien |
Place of Publication |
Stuttgart |
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978-3-938053-11-9 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5952 |
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| Author |
Wolter, R.; Pantel, N.; Möstl, E.; Küger, K. |
| Title |
Das Verhalten von Przewalski Pferden in Semi-Reservaten |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Pferdetage Baden-Württemberg 2014 |
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Matthaes Medien |
Place of Publication |
Stuttgart |
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978-3-938053-11-9 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5953 |
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| Author |
Lerbs, S.; Raue, T.; Krüger, K. |
| Title |
Gibt es einen Zusammenhang zwischen natürlicher Schiefe und motorischer und sensorischer Einseitigkeit der Fohlen (Equus caballus)? |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Pferdetage Baden-Württemberg 2014 |
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Matthaes Medien |
Place of Publication |
Stuttgart |
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978-3-938053-11-9 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5954 |
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| Author |
Giese,; C. Giese; Gerber,; V. Gerber; Howald,; M. Howald; Bachmann,; I. Bachmann; Burger,; D. Burger |
| Title |
Stressbelastung und Verhalten von Pferden in stromführenden gegenüber nicht stromführenden Führanlagen |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde |
Abbreviated Journal |
SAT |
| Volume |
156 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
163-169 |
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| Abstract |
Um die Stressbelastung von Pferden in Führanlagen zu vergleichen, wurden 12 Pferde während 3 Wochen in einer Führanlage mit und ohne stromführenden (3.7 kV) Abtrennungen bewegt. Zur Ermittlung der Stressbelastung wurden die Cortisolwerte im Blut gemessen, die Herzschlagfrequenz mittels Polar® registriert und das Verhalten erfasst. Weder die Cortisol- noch die Herzfrequenzmessungen zeigten einen bedeutenden signifikanten Unterschied zwischen Pferden, die in einer stromführenden beziehungsweise nicht stromführenden Führanlage gingen. Die höchsten Cortisol- und Herzfrequenzwerte wurden in der ersten Woche (Angewöhnungsphase) verzeichnet. Signifikante Unterschiede wurden bei den Verhaltensparametern «Spontanes Wechseln des Abteils» und «Kontakt mit der Trennwand» beobachtet: Während solche vor allem in der ersten Woche und vor dem ersten Stromeinsatz vorkamen, zeigte kein Pferd einen Abteilwechsel während und nach dem Stromeinsatz. Die Resultate dieser Studie deuten darauf hin, dass der Einsatz von stromführenden Abtrennungen in Führanlagen für Pferde keinen bedeutenden messbaren Stress verursacht. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5794 |
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