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Author FitzGibbon, C. D.
Title The costs and benefits of predator inspection behaviour in Thomson's gazelles Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 139-148
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 524
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Author Dugatkin, L.A.
Title Tendency to inspect predators predicts mortality risk in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.
Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 124-127
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Abstract Although predator inspection behavior in fishes has become a model system for examining game theoretical strategies such as Tit for Tat, the direct costs of inspection behavior have not been quantified. To begin quantifying such costs, I conducted an experiment that examined mortality due to predation as a function of predator inspection in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Before being subjected to a “survivorship” experiment, guppies were assayed for their tendency to inspect a predator. Groups were then composed of six guppies that differed in their tendency to inspect. These groups were placed into a pool containing a predator, and survivorship of guppies with different inspection tendencies was noted 36 and 60 h later. Results indicate that individuals that display high degrees of inspection behavior suffer greater mortality than their noninspecting shoalmates.
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Notes 10.1093/beheco/3.2.124 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 526
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Author Doré,F.Y.; Fiset,S.; Goulet,S.; Dumans,M.-C.; Gagnon,S.
Title Search behavior in cats and dogs Interspecific differences in working memory and spatial cognition Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Animal Learning & Behavior Abbreviated Journal Anim Learn. & Behav.
Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 142-149
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Abstract Cats and dogs search behavior was compared in different problems where an object was visibly

moved behind a screen that was then visibly moved to a new position. In Experiments 1 (cats) and 2 (dogs),

one group was tested with identical screens and the other group was tested with dissimilar screens.

Results showed that in both species, search behavior was based on processing of spatial information

rather than on recognition of the visual features of the target screen. Cats and dogs were unable to find

the object by inferring its invisible movement. They reached a high level of success only if there was

direct perceptual evidence that the object could not be at its initial position. When the position change

was indicated by an indirect cue, cats searched more at the object`s initial than final position, whereas

dogs searched equally at both positions. Interspecific similarities and differences are interpreted in

terms of the requirements for resetting working memory.
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 537
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Author SYLVAIN GAGNON,FRANCOISY. DORE
Title Search behavior of dogs (Canis familiaris) in invisible displacement problems Type Journal Article
Year 1993 Publication Animal Learning & Behavior Abbreviated Journal Anim Learn. & Behav.
Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 246-254
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Abstract Gagnon and Dor (1992) showed that domestic dogs are able to solve a Piagetian object permanence

task called the invisible displacement problem. A toy is hidden in a container which is

moved behind a screen where the toy is removed and left. Dogs make more errors in these problems

than they do in visible displacement tests, in which the object is hidden directly behind

the target screen. In Experiment 1, we examinedcomponents ofthe standard procedure of invisible

displacements that may make encoding or retention of the hiding location more difficult than

it is in visible displacements. In Experiment 2, we compared dogs performances in visible and

invisible displacement problems when delays of 0, 10, and 20 sec were introduced between the

objects final disappearance and the subjects release. The results revealed that dogs poorer performance

in invisible displacement tests is related to the complex sequence of events that have

to be encoded or remembered as well as to a difficulty in representing the position change that

is signaled, but not directly perceived.
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 538
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Author Choleris, E.; Kavaliers, M.
Title Social Learning in Animals: Sex Differences and Neurobiological Analysis Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior Abbreviated Journal Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav.
Volume 64 Issue 4 Pages 767-776
Keywords Observational learning; Social learning; Individual learning; Imitation; Social constraints; Social facilitation; male-female differences; Gender differences
Abstract Social learning where an “individual's behavior is influenced by observation of, or interaction with, another animal or its products” has been extensively documented in a broad variety of species, including humans. Social learning occurs within the complex framework of an animal's social interactions that are markedly affected by factors such as dominance hierarchies, family bonds, age, and sex of the interacting individuals. Moreover, it is clear that social learning is influenced not only by important sexually dimorphic social constraints but also that it involves attention, motivational, and perceptual mechanisms, all of which exhibit substantial male-female differences. Although sex differences have been demonstrated in a wide range of cognitive and behavioral processes, investigations of male-female differences in social learning and its neurobiological substrates have been largely neglected. As such, sex differences in social learning and its neurobiological substrates merit increased attention. This review briefly considers various aspects of the study of social learning in mammals, and indicates where male-female differences have either been described, neglected and, or could have a potential impact. It also describes the results of neurobiological investigations of social learning and considers the relevance of these findings to other sexually dimorphic cognitive processes.
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 575
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Author ANGLE M, et al
Title Androgenes in feral stallions Type Conference Volume
Year 1979 Publication Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 31-38
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Publisher Place of Publication Laramie Editor
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Notes from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 641
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Author Kavaliers, M.; Colwell, D.D.; Choleris, E.
Title Kinship, familiarity and social status modulate social learning about “micropredators” (biting flies) in deer mice Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 60-71
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 710
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Author Treichler, F.R.; Van Tilburg, D.
Title Concurrent Conditional Discrimination Tests of Transitive Inference by Macaque Monkeys: List Linking Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes Abbreviated Journal J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 105-117
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Abstract Processing of serial information was assessed by training six macaques on a five-item list of objects arranged into the four conditional pairs, A-B+, B-C+, C-D+, and D-E+. An analogous list (F through J) was similarly trained. Subsequently, both lists were linked by training on E-F+, a pair that provided adjacent elements from each list. Then, all unique and trained object pairs from both lists were presented as a test. Results indicated that the objects were retained as a single, linearly organized list with choice accuracy directly related to interitem distance between paired objects. A second experiment explored the consequences of incidence of conflicting information on list organization. In both experiments, selections depended on representational processes and supported the view that monkeys and pigeons retain serial lists in qualitatively different ways.
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 718
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Author Byrne, R.W.
Title Imitation of novel complex actions: What does the evidence from animals mean? Type Book Chapter
Year 2002 Publication Advances in the Study of Behavior Abbreviated Journal Adv Stud Behav
Volume 31 Issue Pages 77-105
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Abstract Summary Underlying the various behaviors that are classified as imitation, there may be several distinct mechanisms, differing in adaptive function, cognitive basis, and computational power. Experiments reporting “true motor imitation” in animals do not as yet give evidence of production learning by imitation; instead, contextual imitation can explain their data, and this can be explained by a simple mechanism (response facilitation) which matches known neural findings. When imitation serves a function in social mimicry, which applies to a wide range of phenomena from neonatal imitation in humans and great apes to pair-bonding in some bird species, the fidelity of the behavioral match is crucial. Learning of novel behavior can potentially be achieved by matching the outcome of a model's action, and it is argued that vocal imitation by birds is a clear example of this method (which is sometimes called emulation). Alternatively, the behavior itself may be perceived in terms of actions that the observer can perform, and thus it may be copied. If the imitation is linear and stringlike (action level), following the surface form rather than the underlying plan, then its utility for learning new instrumental methods is limited. However, the underlying plan of hierarchically organized behavior is visible in output behavior, in subtle but detectable ways, and imitation could instead be based on this organization (program level), extracted automatically by string parsing. Currently, the most likely candidates for such capacities are all great apes. It is argued that this ability to perceive the underlying plan of action, in addition to allowing highly flexible imitation of novel instrumental methods, may have resulted in the competence to understand the intentions (theory of mind) of others.
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Publisher Academic Press Place of Publication San Diego Editor Snowdon, C. T.; Roper, T. J.;Rosenblatt,J. S.
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 746
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Author Berger, J.
Title Organizational systems and dominance in feral horses in the Grand Canyon Type Journal Article
Year 1977 Publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
Volume 2 Issue 2 Pages 131-146
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Abstract 1. Several aspects of the behavioral ecology of feral horses (Equus caballus) were studied in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA. Most bands contained three to five horses that included one stallion and his harem. Males that did not obtain a harem remained solitary. Throughout the study bands remained stable in composition.

2. Home ranges for all bands decreased in size in successive warm months, probably due to increased ambient temperature and drought. This resulted in greater utilization of spring areas that led to increased interband confrontation and agonistic display.

3. Territoriality was not observed in individual horses or bands, but bands hierarchial in both inter- and intraband structures. Interband stallion dominance was reinforced through posturing and fighting. Intraband hierarchies, as determined by dominance coefficients, were independent of individual size in three of four bands.

4. Indexes of nervousness (NER), calculated while horses were drinking, showed that stallions were less nervous than mares. A low NER was correlated with individuals leading toward drinking areas, whereas a high NER existed in individuals initiating flight although no single horse acted consistently as a leader.

5. Diurnal activity patterns were correlated with ambient temperatures.
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 748
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