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| Author | Chaya, L.; Cowan, E.; McGuire, B. | ||||
| Title | A note on the relationship between time spent in turnout and behaviour during turnout in horses (Equus caballus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 98 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 155-160 |
| Keywords | Horse; Behaviour; Turnout; Welfare | ||||
| Abstract | We examined if time spent in turnout influenced behaviour during turnout for horses maintained in stalls and given either 2 h/week (n = 7) or 12 h/week (n = 7) of turnout. Horses turned out for 2 h/week were more likely than those turned out for 12 h/week to trot, canter, and buck. Frequency of trotting and cantering was also higher and frequency of grazing lower in horses turned out for 2 h/week. These results have welfare implications and support previous studies showing that horses react to confinement with increased activity when not confined. | ||||
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| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN  |
0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4815 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Purvis, A. | ||||
| Title | The h index: playing the numbers game | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Trends in Ecology & Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | Trends. Ecol. Evol |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 422-422 |
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| Abstract | Article Outline References The ‘h index’ was developed recently as a measure of research performance [1]: a researcher's h is the number of his or her papers that have been cited at least h times. In their thoughtful critique of the index, Kelly and Jennions [2] point out many ways in which h is no better than ‘traditional’ bibliometrics, such as total citation counts. However, there is one way in which, for researchers, it could be very much better, especially if (as Hirsch suggests [1]) it is to inform hiring and promotion decisions. The skewed nature of the distribution of citations among publications means that most researchers have several papers that nearly but not quite count. Consequently, h can be distorted much more easily than can total citation count just by finding a subtle way to cite one's own papers that are ‘bubbling under’. Incidentally, bats show broadly the same life-history allometries as other mammalian clades [3]. |
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
0169-5347 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5046 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Munoz-Sanz, A. | ||||
| Title | [Christopher Columbus flu. A hypothesis for an ecological catastrophe] | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica | Abbreviated Journal | Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin |
| Volume | 24 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 326-334 |
| Keywords | Animals; Atlantic Islands; Birds; Chickens; Disease Outbreaks/*history; Disease Reservoirs; Disease Susceptibility; Ecology; Europe/ethnology; History, 15th Century; Horses; Humans; Indians, South American; Influenza A virus/classification/genetics/pathogenicity; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/history/transmission/virology; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/*history/mortality/transmission; Models, Biological; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology/history/veterinary/virology; Poultry Diseases/epidemiology/history/transmission/virology; Reassortant Viruses/genetics/pathogenicity; Species Specificity; Sus scrofa; Swine Diseases/history/transmission/virology; Terminology; West Indies/epidemiology | ||||
| Abstract | When Christopher Columbus and his men embarked on the second Colombian expedition to the New World (1493), the crew suffered from fever, respiratory symptoms and malaise. It is generally accepted that the disease was influenza. Pigs, horses and hens acquired in Gomera (Canary Islands) traveled in the same ship. The pigs may well have been the origin of the flu and the intermediary hosts for genetic recombination of other viral subtypes. The Caribbean archipelago had a large population of birds, the natural reservoir of the avian influenza virus. In this ecological scenario there was a concurrence of several biological elements that had never before coexisted in the New World: pigs, horses, the influenza virus and humans. We propose that birds are likely to have played an important role in the epidemiology of the flu occurring on the second Colombian trip, which caused a fatal demographic catastrophe, with an estimated mortality of 90% among the natives. | ||||
| Address | Unidad de Patologia Infecciosa, Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina, Servicio Extremeno de Salud, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Espana. infectio@unex.es | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Spanish | Summary Language | Original Title | La gripe de Cristobal Colon. Hipotesis sobre una catastrofe ecologica | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
0213-005X | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16762260 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2624 | ||
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| Author | Venter, G.J.; Koekemoer, J.J.O.; Paweska, J.T. | ||||
| Title | Investigations on outbreaks of African horse sickness in the surveillance zone in South Africa | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Revue Scientifique et Technique (International Office of Epizootics) | Abbreviated Journal | Rev Sci Tech |
| Volume | 25 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 1097-1109 |
| Keywords | African Horse Sickness/*epidemiology; African horse sickness virus/genetics/*isolation & purification; Animals; Ceratopogonidae/*virology; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary; Horses; Insect Vectors/*virology; Prevalence; Sentinel Surveillance/veterinary; South Africa/epidemiology | ||||
| Abstract | Confirmed outbreaks of African horse sickness (AHS) occurred in the surveillance zone of the Western Cape in 1999 and 2004, both of which led to a two-year suspension on the export of horses. Light trap surveys in the outbreak areas showed that known vector competent Culicoides species, notably C. imicola, were abundant and present in numbers equal to those in the traditional AHS endemic areas. Isolations of AHS virus serotypes 1 and 7, equine encephalosis virus, and bluetongue virus from field-collected C. imicola in the surveillance zone demonstrated that this species was highly competent and could transmit viruses belonging to different serogroups of the Orbivirus genus. Molecular identification of recovered virus isolates indicated that at least two incursions of AHS into the surveillance zone had taken place in 2004. The designation of an AHS-free zone in the Western Cape remains controversial since it can be easily compromised, as evidenced by the two recent outbreaks. In light of the results reported in the present study, the policy of maintaining a large population of unvaccinated horses in the surveillance zone should be reconsidered, as it leaves them vulnerable to infection with AHS virus, which is the most pathogenic of all equine viruses. | ||||
| Address | Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
0253-1933 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:17361773 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2355 | ||
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| Author | Murphy, J.; Arkins, S. | ||||
| Title | Laterality and visuo-spatial ability in the equine: Functional measures of sport horse selection? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | BSAP Occasional Publication | Abbreviated Journal | BSAP Occasional Publication |
| Volume | 35 | Issue | Pages | 159-170 | |
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| Abstract | Laterality in any organism or species can be manifest as morphological, sensory and functional degrees of asymmetry such as hemispheric dominance, handedness or sidedness and other motor functional behaviours and as such is equally important in equitation. The influence of the horses' sex on both the direction and the degree of the laterality was explored within and between 4 experimental procedures in the 1st study. The findings showed that the direction, but not the degree of idiosyncratic motor preference in the horses was strongly sex-related. Male horses exhibited significantly more left lateralized responses and female horses exhibited significantly more right lateralized responses. Visuo-spatial ability is also likely to be important in the performance horse. In many species, moderate to large differences in visuo-spatial ability have been reported between the sexes, with superior visuo-spatial ability being reported in males of all species investigated to date. As no known studies had addressed visuo-spatial ability in the equine, the objective of the 2nd study, was to determine if visuo-spatial ability differed between male and female horses. The results produced the first behavioural demonstration of superior visuo-spatial ability in male horses, similar to that reported in other species. There is evidence to suggest that visuospatial ability and motor laterality are associated with cerebral hemispheric asymmetry and may be intrinsically linked. Brain development and laterality have also been associated with hair patterning, and, in a 3rd study we attempted to identify predictors of lateral bias in motor behaviour in horses. We investigated the relationship between the direction of facial hair whorl rotation and the incidence/direction of laterality in the horse. The findings suggest that direction of facial hair whorl rotation may be a useful indicator of lateralised motor behavioural preferences in the horse. We then attempted to establish if laterality was evident at birth in a 4th study, where we explored if neonatal foals exhibited lateralised patterns during and immediately post the birthing process that were correlated with their facial hair whorl patterns. The results showed a significant association between the sex of the foal and the choice of foreleg presented initially during 2nd stage parturition. Significantly more colt foals led with the left foreleg and significantly more filly foals led with the right foreleg than expected purely by random and the behaviour was correlated with facial hair whorl patterns. The findings also suggest that lateralisation in the horse is determined in utero as has also been shown in humans. Comparisons of wholly intact male and female horses are warranted as they might elucidate additional linkages between motor behaviour, visuo-spatial ability and brain organisation and development in the horse. Further research in this area could lead to more appropriate competition conditions (better fence design/construction on cross-country tracks) and so eliminate unnecessary levels of risk associated with many equestrian sports. | ||||
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| Publisher | Cambridge University Press | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | 2018/02/27 | ||
| ISSN |
0263-967x | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6512 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Baudry, L.; Leroy, D.; Chollet, D. | ||||
| Title | The effect of combined self- and expert-modelling on the performance of the double leg circle on the pommel horse | Type | |||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Journal of Sports Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | J Sports Sci |
| Volume | 24 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 1055-1063 |
| Keywords | Adolescent; Analysis of Variance; Child; *Expert Testimony; Feedback; Gymnastics/*physiology; Humans; *Leg/physiology; Movement/physiology; Physical Education and Training; Posture/physiology; Range of Motion, Articular/physiology; Retention (Psychology); *Video Recording | ||||
| Abstract | In this study, we investigated whether video modelling can enhance gymnasts' performance of the circle on a pommel horse. The procedure associated expert-modelling with self-modelling and quantitative performance analysis. Sixteen gymnasts were randomly assigned to one of two groups: (1) a modelling group, which received expert- and self-modelling, and performance feedback, or (2) a control group, which received no feedback. After five sessions of training, an analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated that the gains in the back, entry, front, and exit phases of the circle were greater for the modelling group than for the control group. During the training sessions, the gymnasts in the modelling group improved their body segmental alignment during the back phase more quickly than during the other phases. As predicted, although both groups performed the same number of circles (300 in 5 days, with 10 sequences of 6 circles), the modelling group improved their body segmental alignment more than the control group. It thus appears that immediate video modelling can help to correct complex sports movements such as the circle performed on the pommel horse. However, its effectiveness seemed to be dependent on the complexity of the phase. | ||||
| Address | CETAPS Laboratory, UPRES EA 3832, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Rouen University, Mont-Saint Aignan, France. ludovic_baudry@yahoo.fr | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
0264-0414 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:17115520 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4026 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Brosnan, S.F.; Freeman, C.; De Waal, F.B.M. | ||||
| Title | Partner's behavior, not reward distribution, determines success in an unequal cooperative task in capuchin monkeys | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | American journal of primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Am. J. Primatol. |
| Volume | 68 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 713-724 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cebus/*physiology; *Cooperative Behavior; Female; Food Preferences/physiology; Male; *Reward | ||||
| Abstract | It was recently demonstrated that capuchin monkeys notice and respond to distributional inequity, a trait that has been proposed to support the evolution of cooperation in the human species. However, it is unknown how capuchins react to inequitable rewards in an unrestricted cooperative paradigm in which they may freely choose both whether to participate and, within the bounds of their partner's behavior, which reward they will receive for their participation. We tested capuchin monkeys with such a design, using a cooperative barpull, which has been used with great success in the past. Contrary to our expectations, the equity of the reward distribution did not affect success or pulling behavior. However, the behavior of the partner in an unequal situation did affect overall success rates: pairs that had a tendency to alternate which individual received the higher-value food in unequal reward situations were more than twice as successful in obtaining rewards than pairs in which one individual dominated the higher-value food. This ability to equitably distribute rewards in inherently biased cooperative situations has profound implications for activities such as group hunts, in which multiple individuals work together for a single, monopolizable reward. | ||||
| Address | Living Links Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. sbrosna@emory.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
0275-2565 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16786518 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 160 | ||
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| Author | Izar, P.; Ferreira, R.G.; Sato, T. | ||||
| Title | Describing the organization of dominance relationships by dominance-directed tree method | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | American journal of primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Am. J. Primatol. |
| Volume | 68 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 189-207 |
| Keywords | Animals; Cebus/physiology; *Models, Biological; *Social Dominance | ||||
| Abstract | Methods to describe dominance hierarchies are a key tool in primatology studies. Most current methods are appropriate for analyzing linear and near-linear hierarchies; however, more complex structures are common in primate groups. We propose a method termed “dominance-directed tree.” This method is based on graph theory and set theory to analyze dominance relationships in social groups. The method constructs a transitive matrix by imposing transitivity to the dominance matrix and produces a graphical representation of the dominance relationships, which allows an easy visualization of the hierarchical position of the individuals, or subsets of individuals. The method is also able to detect partial and complete hierarchies, and to describe situations in which hierarchical and nonhierarchical principles operate. To illustrate the method, we apply a dominance tree analysis to artificial data and empirical data from a group of Cebus apella. | ||||
| Address | Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. patrizar@usp.br | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
0275-2565 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16429416 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 723 | ||
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| Author | Mallavarapu, S.; Stoinski, T.S.; Bloomsmith, M.A.; Maple, T.L. | ||||
| Title | Postconflict behavior in captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | American journal of primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Am. J. Primatol. |
| Volume | 68 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 789-801 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Competitive Behavior; Conflict (Psychology); Female; Gorilla gorilla/*physiology/psychology; Male; Time Factors | ||||
| Abstract | Postconflict (PC) behaviors, including reconciliation and consolation, have been observed in many primate and several nonprimate species. Using the PC-matched control (MC) method, PC behavior was examined in two groups (n=13) of captive western lowland gorillas, a species for which no conflict resolution data have been published. Analyses of 223 conflicts showed significantly more affiliation between former opponents after a conflict when compared to control periods, indicating reconciliation. Results also showed significantly more affiliation between the victim and a third-party after a conflict, indicating consolation. Both solicited and unsolicited consolation were observed. The majority of the affiliative interactions observed for both reconciliation and consolation were social proximity, which suggests that unlike most nonhuman primates, proximity, rather than physical contact, may be the main mechanism for resolving conflicts in western lowland gorillas. PC behavior was not uniform throughout the groups, but rather varied according to dyad type. | ||||
| Address | Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia 30315, USA. smallavarapu@zooatlanta.org | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
0275-2565 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16847973 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 2873 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Heistermann, M.; Palme, R.; Ganswindt, A. | ||||
| Title | Comparison of different enzyme-immunoassays for assessment of adrenocortical activity in primates based on fecal analysis | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | American journal of primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Am. J. Primatol. |
| Volume | 68 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 257-273 |
| Keywords | 11-Hydroxycorticosteroids/*analysis; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/pharmacology; Anesthesia; Animals; Corticosterone/analysis; Feces/*chemistry; Glucocorticoids/*analysis; Haplorhini/*metabolism; Hydrocortisone/analysis; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/drug effects/physiology; Immunoenzyme Techniques/*methods; Pituitary-Adrenal System/drug effects/physiology; Species Specificity | ||||
| Abstract | Most studies published to date that used fecal glucocorticoid measurements to assess adrenocortical activity in primate (and many nonprimate) species applied a specific cortisol or corticosterone assay. However, since these native glucocorticoids are virtually absent in the feces of most vertebrates, including primates, the validity of this approach has recently been questioned. Therefore, the overall aim of the present study was to assess the validity of four enzyme-immunoassays (EIAs) using antibodies raised against cortisol, corticosterone, and reduced cortisol metabolites (two group-specific antibodies) for assessing adrenocortical activity using fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (GCM) measurements in selected primate species (marmoset, long-tailed macaque, Barbary macaque, chimpanzee, and gorilla). Using physiological stimulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis by administering exogenous ACTH or anesthesia, we demonstrated that at least two assays detected the predicted increase in fecal GCM levels in response to treatment in each species. However, the magnitude of response varied between assays and species, and no one assay was applicable to all species. While the corticosterone assay generally was of only limited suitability for assessing glucocorticoid output, the specific cortisol assay was valuable for those species that (according to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis data) excreted clearly detectable amounts of authentic cortisol into the feces. In contrast, in species in which cortisol was virtually absent in the feces, group-specific assays provided a much stronger signal, and these assays also performed well in the other primate species tested (except the marmoset). Collectively, the data suggest that the reliability of a given fecal glucocorticoid assay in reflecting activity of the HPA axis in primates clearly depends on the species in question. Although to date there is no single assay system that can be used successfully across species, our data suggest that group-specific assays have a high potential for cross-species application. Nevertheless, regardless of which GC antibody is chosen, our study clearly reinforces the necessity of appropriately validating the respective assay system before it is used. | ||||
| Address | Department of Reproductive Biology, German Primate Center, Gottingen, Germany. mheiste@gwdg.de | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
0275-2565 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16477600 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4078 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||