Records |
Author |
Milinovich, G.J.; Trott, D.J.; Burrell, P.C.; van Eps, A.W.; Thoefner, M.B.; Blackall, L.L.; Al Jassim, R.A.M.; Morton, J.M.; Pollitt, C.C. |
Title |
Changes in equine hindgut bacterial populations during oligofructose-induced laminitis |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Environmental Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ Microbiol |
Volume |
8 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
885-898 |
Keywords |
Animal Feed; Animals; Bacteria/classification/*isolation & purification; DNA, Bacterial/analysis; Disease Models, Animal; Feces/microbiology; Foot Diseases/etiology/microbiology/*veterinary; Horse Diseases/*etiology/metabolism/microbiology; Horses; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Intestines/*microbiology; Oligosaccharides/*administration & dosage/*metabolism; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Bacterial/analysis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis |
Abstract |
In the horse, carbohydrate overload is thought to play an integral role in the onset of laminitis by drastically altering the profile of bacterial populations in the hindgut. The objectives of this study were to develop and validate microbial ecology methods to monitor changes in bacterial populations throughout the course of experimentally induced laminitis and to identify the predominant oligofructose-utilizing organisms. Laminitis was induced in five horses by administration of oligofructose. Faecal specimens were collected at 8 h intervals from 72 h before to 72 h after the administration of oligofructose. Hindgut microbiota able to utilize oligofructose were enumerated throughout the course of the experiment using habitat-simulating medium. Isolates were collected and representatives identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The majority of these isolates collected belonged to the genus Streptococcus, 91% of which were identified as being most closely related to Streptococcus infantarius ssp. coli. Furthermore, S. infantarius ssp. coli was the predominant oligofructose-utilizing organism isolated before the onset of lameness. Fluorescence in situ hybridization probes developed to specifically target the isolated Streptococcus spp. demonstrated marked population increases between 8 and 16 h post oligofructose administration. This was followed by a rapid population decline which corresponded with a sharp decline in faecal pH and subsequently lameness at 24-32 h post oligofructose administration. This research suggests that streptococci within the Streptococcus bovis/equinus complex may be involved in the series of events which precede the onset of laminitis in the horse. |
Address |
Australian Equine Laminitis Research Unit, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia. g.milinovich@uq.edu.au |
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English |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1462-2912 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:16623745 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2625 |
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Author |
Thomas, K.E.; Annest, J.L.; Gilchrist, J.; Bixby-Hammett, D.M. |
Title |
Non-fatal horse related injuries treated in emergency departments in the United States, 2001-2003 |
Type |
|
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
British Journal of Sports Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
Br J Sports Med |
Volume |
40 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
619-626 |
Keywords |
Accident Prevention/methods; Accidental Falls/prevention & control; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Athletic Injuries/*epidemiology/prevention & control; Child; Child, Preschool; Emergency Service, Hospital/*statistics & numerical data; Female; Head Protective Devices/utilization; Health Promotion; *Horses; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Education; Sex Distribution; United States/epidemiology |
Abstract |
OBJECTIVE: To characterise and provide nationally representative estimates of persons with non-fatal horse related injuries treated in American emergency departments. METHODS: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) is a stratified probability sample comprising 66 hospitals. Data on injuries treated in these emergency departments are collected and reported. NEISS-AIP data on all types (horseback riding and otherwise) of non-fatal horse related injuries from 2001 to 2003 were analysed. RESULTS: An estimated 102,904 persons with non-fatal horse related injuries (35.7 per 100,000 population) were treated in American emergency departments each year from 2001 to 2003 inclusive. Non-fatal injury rates were higher for females (41.5 per 100,000) than for males (29.8 per 100,000). Most patients were injured while mounted on a horse (66.1%), commonly from falling or being thrown by the horse; while not mounted, injuries most often resulted from being kicked by the horse. The body parts most often injured were the head/neck region (23.2%), lower extremity (22.2%), and upper extremity (21.5%). The most common principal diagnoses were contusions/abrasions (31.4%) and fractures (25.2%). For each year that was studied, an estimated 11 502 people sustained traumatic brain injuries from horse related incidents. Overall, more than 11% of those injured were admitted to hospital. CONCLUSIONS: Horse related injuries are a public health concern not just for riders but for anyone in close contact with horses. Prevention programmes should target horseback riders and horse caregivers to promote helmet use and educate participants about horse behaviour, proper handling of horses, and safe riding practices. |
Address |
Office of Statistics and Programming, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. KEThomas@cdc.gov |
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English |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1473-0480 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:16611723 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
1866 |
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Author |
Gentner, T.Q.; Fenn, K.M.; Margoliash, D.; Nusbaum, H.C. |
Title |
Recursive syntactic pattern learning by songbirds |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
440 |
Issue |
7088 |
Pages |
1204-1207 |
Keywords |
Acoustic Stimulation; *Animal Communication; Animals; Auditory Perception/*physiology; Humans; *Language; Learning/*physiology; Linguistics; Models, Neurological; Semantics; Starlings/*physiology; Stochastic Processes |
Abstract |
Humans regularly produce new utterances that are understood by other members of the same language community. Linguistic theories account for this ability through the use of syntactic rules (or generative grammars) that describe the acceptable structure of utterances. The recursive, hierarchical embedding of language units (for example, words or phrases within shorter sentences) that is part of the ability to construct new utterances minimally requires a 'context-free' grammar that is more complex than the 'finite-state' grammars thought sufficient to specify the structure of all non-human communication signals. Recent hypotheses make the central claim that the capacity for syntactic recursion forms the computational core of a uniquely human language faculty. Here we show that European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) accurately recognize acoustic patterns defined by a recursive, self-embedding, context-free grammar. They are also able to classify new patterns defined by the grammar and reliably exclude agrammatical patterns. Thus, the capacity to classify sequences from recursive, centre-embedded grammars is not uniquely human. This finding opens a new range of complex syntactic processing mechanisms to physiological investigation. |
Address |
Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. tgentner@ucsd.edu |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1476-4687 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:16641998 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
353 |
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Author |
Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Turner, A. |
Title |
Reversibility of action and safety during pregnancy of immunization against porcine zona pellucida in wild mares (Equus caballus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Reproduction (Cambridge, England) Supplement |
Abbreviated Journal |
Reprod Suppl |
Volume |
60 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
197-202 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Wild; Antigens/administration & dosage; Contraception, Immunologic/methods/*veterinary; Egg Proteins/administration & dosage; Female; Fertility; *Horses; Immunization, Secondary/veterinary; Membrane Glycoproteins/administration & dosage; Population Control; Pregnancy; *Receptors, Cell Surface; Safety; Swine; Time Factors; Vaccines, Contraceptive/*administration & dosage |
Abstract |
Contraceptive management of publicly valued wildlife species requires safeguards to ensure that these populations are preserved in a healthy state. In addition, reversibility of contraceptive effects and safety in pregnant animals are major concerns. A population of wild horses has been immunized against porcine zona pellucida (PZP) over a 12 year period on Assateague Island National Seashore, MD (ASIS). Mares initially received one or two 65 microg inoculations and once a year 65 microg booster inoculations, all delivered by dart. All young mares aged > 2 years were treated with PZP for 3 consecutive years regardless of whether they have bred successfully and they were then removed from treatment until they had foaled. All mares vaccinated for 1 or 2 consecutive years became fertile again and 69% of mares treated for 3 consecutive years returned to fertility. All five mares treated for 4 or 5 consecutive years have also returned to fertility, but over longer periods of time. Mares treated for 7 consecutive years have not returned to fertility, but several, while still infertile, have started ovulating again. There was no difference in survival rates between foals born to treated and untreated mares, and PZP treatment of pregnant mares did not affect subsequent fertility of their female offspring. |
Address |
Science and Conservation Center, ZooMontana, Billings 59106, USA. zoolab@wtp.net |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1477-0415 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:12220160 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
141 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Turner, A.; Kirkpatrick, J.F. |
Title |
Effects of immunocontraception on population, longevity and body condition in wild mares (Equus caballus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Reproduction (Cambridge, England) Supplement |
Abbreviated Journal |
Reprod Suppl |
Volume |
60 |
Issue |
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Pages |
187-195 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Wild; Antigens/administration & dosage; Body Constitution; Contraception, Immunologic/methods/*veterinary; Egg Proteins/administration & dosage; Female; *Horses; Longevity; Membrane Glycoproteins/administration & dosage; Population Control; Population Dynamics; *Receptors, Cell Surface; Swine; Vaccines, Contraceptive/administration & dosage |
Abstract |
Contraception is becoming a common approach for the management of captive and wild ungulates yet there are few data for contraceptive effects on entire populations. Management-level treatment of mares with porcine zona pellucida (PZP) vaccine resulted in zero population growth of the Assateague Island wild horse population within 1 year of initiation of treatment. Contraceptive efficacy was 90% for mares treated twice in the first year and annually thereafter. For mares given a single initial inoculation, contraceptive efficacy was 78%. The effort required to achieve zero population growth decreased, as 95, 83 and 84% of all adult mares were treated in each of the first 3 years, compared with 59 and 52% during the last 2 years. Mortality rates for mares and foals after the initiation of management-level treatments decreased below historic and pretreatment mortality rates of approximately 5%. Two new age classes have appeared among treated animals (21-25 years and > 25 years), indicating an increase in longevity among treated animals. Body condition scores for all horses, all adult mares and non-lactating mares increased significantly between summer 1989 and autumn 1999 but did not change significantly in lactating mares. These results provide reliable data for the construction of realistic models for contraceptive management of free-roaming or captive ungulate populations. |
Address |
Assateague Island National Seashore, Berlin, MD 21811, USA |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1477-0415 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:12220158 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
142 |
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Author |
Crosby, M.B.; Zhang, J.; Nowling, T.M.; Svenson, J.L.; Nicol, C.J.; Gonzalez, F.J.; Gilkeson, G.S. |
Title |
Inflammatory modulation of PPAR gamma expression and activity |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Clinical immunology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Clin Immunol |
Volume |
118 |
Issue |
2-3 |
Pages |
276-283 |
Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Cell Line, Transformed; Cells, Cultured; Female; Inflammation Mediators/*physiology; Kidney/metabolism; Mesangial Cells/metabolism; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred MRL lpr; Mice, Knockout; Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/biosynthesis/genetics; PPAR gamma/*biosynthesis/*genetics/metabolism; Up-Regulation/immunology |
Abstract |
Nitric oxide (NO) production increases with age in the lupus-prone MRL/lpr mouse, paralleling disease activity. One mechanism for excess NO production in MRL/lpr mice may be a defect in down-regulatory mechanisms of the iNOS pathway. A potential modulator of NO is the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferation activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). We demonstrate that renal PPARgamma protein expression was altered as disease progressed in MRL/lpr mice, which paralleled increased iNOS protein expression. Additionally, MRL/lpr-derived primary mesangial cells expressed less PPARgamma than BALB/c mesangial cells and produced more NO in response to LPS and IFNgamma. Furthermore, PPARgamma activity was reduced in mesangial cells following exposure to inflammatory mediators. This activity was restored with the addition of a NOS enzyme inhibitor. These results indicate that the activation of inflammatory pathways may lead to reduced activity and expression of PPARgamma, further exacerbating the disease state. |
Address |
Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1521-6616 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:16303334 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
67 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Dirikolu, L.; Lehner, A.F.; Karpiesiuk, W.; Hughes, C.; Woods, W.E.; Boyles, J.; Harkins, J.D.; Troppmann, A.; Tobin, T. |
Title |
Detection, quantification, metabolism, and behavioral effects of selegiline in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Veterinary Therapeutics : Research in Applied Veterinary Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Ther |
Volume |
4 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
257-268 |
Keywords |
Administration, Oral; Animals; Behavior, Animal/drug effects; Female; Horses/*metabolism; Mass Spectrometry/veterinary; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/administration & dosage/blood/*pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/urine; Selegiline/administration & dosage/blood/*pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/urine; Substance Abuse Detection/veterinary |
Abstract |
Selegiline ([R]-[-]N,alpha-dimethyl-N-2- propynylphenethylamine or l-deprenyl), an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase, is a classic antidyskinetic and antiparkinsonian agent widely used in human medicine both as monotherapy and as an adjunct to levodopa therapy. Selegiline is classified by the Association of Racing Commissioners International (ARCI) as a class 2 agent, and is considered to have high abuse potential in racing horses. A highly sensitive LC/MS/MS quantitative analytical method has been developed for selegiline and its potential metabolites amphetamine and methamphetamine using commercially available deuterated analogs of these compounds as internal standards. After administering 40 mg of selegiline orally to two horses, relatively low (<60 ng/ml) concentrations of parent selegiline, amphetamine, and methamphetamine were recovered in urine samples. However, relatively high urinary concentrations of another selegiline metabolite were found, tentatively identified as N- desmethylselegiline. This metabolite was synthesized and found to be indistinguishable from the new metabolite recovered from horse urine, thereby confirming the chemical identity of the equine metabolite. Additionally, analysis of urine samples from four horses dosed with 50 mg of selegiline confirmed that N-desmethylselegiline is the major urinary metabolite of selegiline in horses. In related behavior studies, p.o. and i.v. administration of 30 mg of selegiline produced no significant changes in either locomotor activities or heart rates. |
Address |
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1528-3593 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:15136987 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
1901 |
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Author |
Natalini, C.C.; Robinson, E.P. |
Title |
Effects of epidural opioid analgesics on heart rate, arterial blood pressure, respiratory rate, body temperature, and behavior in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Veterinary Therapeutics : Research in Applied Veterinary Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Ther |
Volume |
4 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
364-375 |
Keywords |
3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer/administration & dosage/pharmacology; Alfentanil/administration & dosage/pharmacology; Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage/*pharmacology; Anesthesia, Epidural/*veterinary; Animals; Behavior, Animal/drug effects; Blood Pressure/drug effects; Body Temperature/drug effects; Butorphanol/administration & dosage/pharmacology; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Heart Rate/drug effects; Horses/*physiology; Injections, Epidural/veterinary; Male; Morphine/administration & dosage/pharmacology; Respiration/drug effects; Tramadol/administration & dosage/pharmacology |
Abstract |
Heart rate, arterial blood pressures, respiratory rate, body temperature, and central nervous system excitement were compared before and after epidural administration of morphine (0.1 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.08 mg/kg), alfentanil (0.02 mg/kg), tramadol (1.0 mg/kg), the k-opioid agonist U50488H (0.08 mg/kg), or sterile water using an incomplete Latin square crossover design in five conscious adult horses. Treatments were administered into the first intercoccygeal epidural space. Significant (P <.05) reductions in respiratory rate were detected after epidural administration of morphine, alfentanil, U50488H, and sterile water. Additionally, significant (P <.05) head ptosis was observed within the first hour after administration of morphine, U50488H, and tramadol, but neither of these changes appeared to be of clinical significance. No treatment-related changes in motor activity or behavior were observed. |
Address |
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA |
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English |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1528-3593 |
ISBN |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:15136978 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
1902 |
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Author |
Corr, J.A. |
Title |
Nuns and monkeys: investigating the behavior of our oldest old |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Science of Aging Knowledge Environment : SAGE KE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Aging Knowledge Environ |
Volume |
2004 |
Issue |
41 |
Pages |
pe38 |
Keywords |
Aged; Aged, 80 and over/*physiology; Aging/*physiology; Animals; Behavior/*physiology; Humans; Macaca mulatta |
Abstract |
The use of nonhuman primates, particularly rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), as the best model for human physiological and cognitive aging is broadly accepted. Studies employing nonhuman primates to investigate behavioral changes that may occur with increasing age, however, are not common mostly because of the unavailability of appropriate subjects. Recent longitudinal human studies suggest that individual personality might play a large role in aging “successfully” and in the retention of high levels of cognition into old age. As a result of the demographic trend of increasing numbers of aged monkeys and apes in captivity, an opportunity exists to further investigate behavioral aging using the monkey model. |
Address |
Department of Anthropology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401, USA. corrj@gvsu.edu |
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English |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1539-6150 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:15483334 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2828 |
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Author |
Nicol, C.J. |
Title |
Development, direction, and damage limitation: social learning in domestic fowl |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Learning & behavior : a Psychonomic Society publication |
Abbreviated Journal |
Learn Behav |
Volume |
32 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
72-81 |
Keywords |
Adaptation, Psychological; Age Factors; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Chickens; *Feeding Behavior; *Food Preferences; *Imitative Behavior; Imprinting (Psychology); *Learning; Maternal Behavior; Reinforcement (Psychology); *Social Environment; *Social Facilitation |
Abstract |
This review highlights two areas of particular interest in the study of social learning in fowl. First, the role of social learning in the development of feeding and foraging behavior in young chicks and older birds is described. The role of the hen as a demonstrator and possible teacher is considered, and the subsequent social influence of brood mates and other companions on food avoidance and food preference learning is discussed. Second, the way in which work on domestic fowl has contributed to an understanding of the importance of directed social learning is examined. The well-characterized hierarchical social organization of small chicken flocks has been used to design studies which demonstrate that the probability of social transmission is strongly influenced by social relationships between birds. The practical implications of understanding the role of social learning in the spread of injurious behaviors in this economically important species are briefly considered. |
Address |
Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, England. c.j.nicol@bristol.ac.uk |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1543-4494 |
ISBN |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:15161142 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
75 |
Permanent link to this record |