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Author |
Fischer, J.; Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M. |
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Title |
Development of infant baboons' responses to graded bark variants |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Biol Sci |
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Volume |
267 |
Issue |
1459 |
Pages |
2317-2321 |
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Keywords |
*Animal Communication; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; Male; Models, Psychological; Papio/growth & development/*physiology; *Vocalization, Animal |
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Abstract |
We studied the development of infant baboons' (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) responses to conspecific 'barks' in a free-ranging population in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. These barks grade from tonal, harmonically rich calls into calls with a more noisy, harsh structure. Typically, tonal variants are given when the signaller is at risk of losing contact with the group or a particular individual ('contact barks'), whereas harsh variants are given in response to predators ('alarm barks'). We conducted focal observations and playback experiments in which we presented variants of barks recorded from resident adult females. By six months of age, infants reliably discriminated between typical alarm and contact barks and they responded more strongly to intermediate alarm calls than to typical contact barks. Infants of six months and older also recognized their mothers by voice. The ability to discriminate between different call variants developed with increasing age. At two and a half months of age, infants failed to respond at all, whereas at four months they responded irrespective of the call type that was presented. At six months, infants showed adult-like responses by responding strongly to alarm barks but ignoring contact barks. We concluded that infants gradually learn to attach the appropriate meaning to alarm and contact barks. |
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Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, 3815 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. fischerj@eva.mpg.de |
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0962-8452 |
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PMID:11413649 |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
694 |
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Author |
Peake, T.M.; Terry, A.M.; McGregor, P.K.; Dabelsteen, T. |
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Title |
Male great tits eavesdrop on simulated male-to-male vocal interactions |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Biol Sci |
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Volume |
268 |
Issue |
1472 |
Pages |
1183-1187 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Male; Songbirds/*physiology; *Vocalization, Animal |
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Abstract |
Animal communication generally occurs in the environment of a network of several potential signallers and receivers. Within a network environment, it is possible to gain relative information about conspecifics by eavesdropping on signalling interactions. We presented male great tits with the opportunity to gain such information by simulating singing interactions using two loudspeakers. Interactions were presented so that relevant information was not available in the absolute singing behaviour of either individual, only in the relative timing of their songs in the interaction as a whole. We then assayed the information extracted by focal males by subsequently introducing one of the 'interactants' (i.e. loudspeakers) into the territory of the focal male. Focal males responded with a reduced song output to males that had just 'lost' an interaction. Focal males did not respond significantly differently to 'winners' as compared with intruders recently involved in an interaction that contained no consistent information. Focal males also responded by switching song types more often when encountering males that had recently been involved in a low-intensity interaction. These results provide the clearest evidence yet that male songbirds extract information from signal interactions between conspecifics in the field. |
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Department of Animal Behaviour, Zoological Institute, Tagensvej 16, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. tmpeake@zi.ku.dk |
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0962-8452 |
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PMID:11375107 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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712 |
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Author |
Rendall, D.; Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M. |
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Title |
Proximate factors mediating “contact” calls in adult female baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) and their infants |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
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Volume |
114 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
36-46 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; Botswana; Female; *Maternal Behavior; Motivation; Orientation; Papio/*psychology; Social Environment; Sound Spectrography; *Vocalization, Animal |
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Abstract |
“Contact” calls are widespread in social mammals and birds, but the proximate factors that motivate call production and mediate their contact function remain poorly specified. Field study of chacma baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) revealed that contact barks in adult females were motivated by separation both from the group at large and from their dependent infants. A variety of social and ecological factors affect the probability of separation from either one or both. Results of simultaneous observations and a playback experiment indicate that the contact function of calling between mothers and infants was mediated by occasional maternal retrieval rather than coordinated call exchange. Mothers recognized the contact barks of their own infants and often were strongly motivated to locate them. However, mothers did not produce contact barks in reply unless they themselves were at risk of becoming separated from the group. |
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Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, USA. d.rendall@uleth.ca |
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0735-7036 |
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PMID:10739310 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
695 |
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Author |
Hostetter, A.B.; Cantero, M.; Hopkins, W.D. |
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Title |
Differential use of vocal and gestural communication by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in response to the attentional status of a human (Homo sapiens) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Comp. Psychol. |
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Volume |
115 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
337-343 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Attention; *Communication Methods, Total; Female; *Gestures; Humans; Male; Motivation; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Social Environment; Species Specificity; *Vocalization, Animal |
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Abstract |
This study examined the communicative behavior of 49 captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), particularly their use of vocalizations, manual gestures, and other auditory- or tactile-based behaviors as a means of gaining an inattentive audience's attention. A human (Homo sapiens) experimenter held a banana while oriented either toward or away from the chimpanzee. The chimpanzees' behavior was recorded for 60 s. Chimpanzees emitted vocalizations faster and were more likely to produce vocalizations as their 1st communicative behavior when a human was oriented away from them. Chimpanzees used manual gestures more frequently and faster when the human was oriented toward them. These results replicate the findings of earlier studies on chimpanzee gestural communication and provide new information about the intentional and functional use of their vocalizations. |
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Department of Psychology, Berry College, USA |
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0735-7036 |
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Notes |
PMID:11824896 |
Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4970 |
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Author |
Stober, M.; Geiger, J.F. |
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Title |
[Lamenting “moaning” in domestic cattle] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1975 |
Publication |
DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
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Volume |
82 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
10-13 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Cattle; Female; Personality; *Vocalization, Animal |
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German |
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Untersuchungen uber das klagende “Anken” beim Hausrind |
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0341-6593 |
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PMID:1089525 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4173 |
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Author |
Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. |
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Title |
Meaning and emotion in animal vocalizations |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
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Volume |
1000 |
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Pages |
32-55 |
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Keywords |
Acoustics; *Affect; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Intention; Posture; Sound Spectrography; *Vocalization, Animal |
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Abstract |
Historically, a dichotomy has been drawn between the semantic communication of human language and the apparently emotional calls of animals. Current research paints a more complicated picture. Just as scientists have identified elements of human speech that reflect a speaker's emotions, field experiments have shown that the calls of many animals provide listeners with information about objects and events in the environment. Like human speech, therefore, animal vocalizations simultaneously provide others with information that is both semantic and emotional. In support of this conclusion, we review the results of field experiments on the natural vocalizations of African vervet monkeys, diana monkeys, baboons, and suricates (a South African mongoose). Vervet and diana monkeys give acoustically distinct alarm calls in response to the presence of leopards, eagles, and snakes. Each alarm call type elicits a different, adaptive response from others nearby. Field experiments demonstrate that listeners compare these vocalizations not just according to their acoustic properties but also according to the information they convey. Like monkeys, suricates give acoustically distinct alarm calls in response to different predators. Within each predator class, the calls also differ acoustically according to the signaler's perception of urgency. Like speech, therefore, suricate alarm calls convey both semantic and emotional information. The vocalizations of baboons, like those of many birds and mammals, are individually distinctive. As a result, when one baboon hears a sequence of calls exchanged between two or more individuals, the listener acquires information about social events in its group. Baboons, moreover, are skilled “eavesdroppers:” their response to different call sequences provides evidence of the sophisticated information they acquire from other individuals' vocalizations. Baboon males give loud “wahoo” calls during competitive displays. Like other vocalizations, these highly emotional calls provide listeners with information about the caller's dominance rank, age, and competitive ability. Although animal vocalizations, like human speech, simultaneously encode both semantic and emotional information, they differ from language in at least one fundamental respect. Although listeners acquire rich information from a caller's vocalization, callers do not, in the human sense, intend to provide it. Listeners acquire information as an inadvertent consequence of signaler behavior. |
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Departments of Psychology and Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. seyfarth@psych.upenn.edu |
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0077-8923 |
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Notes |
PMID:14766619 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
688 |
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Author |
Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. |
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Title |
Signalers and receivers in animal communication |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Annual review of psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Annu Rev Psychol |
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Volume |
54 |
Issue |
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Pages |
145-173 |
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Keywords |
Affect; *Animal Communication; Animals; Arousal; Auditory Perception; Motivation; *Social Behavior; Social Environment; Species Specificity; *Vocalization, Animal |
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Abstract |
In animal communication natural selection favors callers who vocalize to affect the behavior of listeners and listeners who acquire information from vocalizations, using this information to represent their environment. The acquisition of information in the wild is similar to the learning that occurs in laboratory conditioning experiments. It also has some parallels with language. The dichotomous view that animal signals must be either referential or emotional is false, because they can easily be both: The mechanisms that cause a signaler to vocalize do not limit a listener's ability to extract information from the call. The inability of most animals to recognize the mental states of others distinguishes animal communication most clearly from human language. Whereas signalers may vocalize to change a listener's behavior, they do not call to inform others. Listeners acquire information from signalers who do not, in the human sense, intend to provide it. |
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Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. seyfarth@psych.upenn.edu |
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0066-4308 |
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Notes |
PMID:12359915 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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690 |
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Author |
Kiley, M. |
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Title |
The vocalizations of ungulates, their causation and function |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1972 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z. Tierpsychol. |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
171-222 |
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Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; *Artiodactyla; Cattle; Fear; Female; Frustration; Horses; Humans; Male; Pain; *Perissodactyla; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Swine; *Vocalization, Animal |
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0044-3573 |
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PMID:4674022 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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681 |
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Author |
Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. |
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Title |
Meaning and mind in monkeys |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Scientific American |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Am |
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Volume |
267 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
122-128 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; *Haplorhini; Male; Speech; *Vocalization, Animal |
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Address |
University of Pennsylvania |
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0036-8733 |
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PMID:1439710 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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701 |
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Author |
Janik, V.M. |
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Title |
Whistle matching in wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
289 |
Issue |
5483 |
Pages |
1355-1357 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild/physiology; Dolphins/*physiology; *Imitative Behavior; *Learning; *Social Behavior; *Vocalization, Animal |
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Abstract |
Dolphin communication is suspected to be complex, on the basis of their call repertoires, cognitive abilities, and ability to modify signals through vocal learning. Because of the difficulties involved in observing and recording individual cetaceans, very little is known about how they use their calls. This report shows that wild, unrestrained bottlenose dolphins use their learned whistles in matching interactions, in which an individual responds to a whistle of a conspecific by emitting the same whistle type. Vocal matching occurred over distances of up to 580 meters and is indicative of animals addressing each other individually. |
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School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, Bute Building, Fife KY16 9TS, UK |
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0036-8075 |
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PMID:10958783 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
550 |
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