| Records |
| Author |
Shettleworth, S.J. |
| Title |
Foraging, memory, and constraints on learning |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
| Volume |
443 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
216-226 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; *Appetitive Behavior; *Avoidance Learning; Birds; *Conditioning, Classical; Discrimination Learning; Food Preferences; *Memory; *Mental Recall; Motivation; *Predatory Behavior; Rats; *Taste |
| Abstract |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN  |
0077-8923 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:3860072 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
384 |
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| Author |
Koyama, N. |
| Title |
Playmate relationships among individuals of the Japanese monkey troop in arashiyama |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
390-406-406 |
| Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences |
| Abstract |
Observations of play behavior were made on a troop of Japanese monkeys for five months. The troop consisted of 125 animals during the study period. Only 104 animals were observed playing with the troop members while the other 21 animals were never observed playing with other individuals. Two-member play was the most frequent. On the average, a monkey played with 20.7 individuals. A total of 6,068 play bouts were observed. The frequency of play appeared to be affected by age, sex, and degree of relatedness. One-year-old infant males played most with other members and the frequency of play decreased with age. Between monkeys whose disparity of age was less than two years, 5,763 bouts (95.0% of the total) were observed. Moreover, among sameaged monkeys who comprised 10.6% of the possible pair combinations, 2,739 play bouts (45.1%) were observed. Juvenile males played with same-sexed peers more than with opposite-sexed peers, whereas older juvenile females appeared to play with infants of both sexes. Individuals who were related and similarly-ranked tended to play together. There was no apparent preference for animals to play with the offspring of the highest-ranking female. Dominance rank of infnats and juveniles was primarily affected by rank of their mothers and to a lesser extent by play partners. Dominance rank of older juvenile males is more likely to be affected by play partners than females. It may be a critical time for males when they leave their natal troop and join a new troop. The timing of troop shifting by males seemed to be affected by the presence or absence of play-mates. For male Japanese monkeys, play is very important in developing social bonds. Play may act to perpetuate social bonds, enhance the chance of survival, and may contribute to their future reproductive success. |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Springer Japan |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0032-8332 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5327 |
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| Author |
Laut, J.E.; Houpt, K.A.; Hintz, H.F.; Houpt, T.R. |
| Title |
The effects of caloric dilution on meal patterns and food intake of ponies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Physiology & behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Behav. |
| Volume |
35 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
549-554 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Body Weight; *Diet; Energy Intake; *Feeding Behavior; Homeostasis; Horses/*physiology; Male |
| Abstract |
In order to determine if horses will increase their intake in response to caloric dilution, four pony geldings were fed ad lib a mixed grain diet either undiluted (3.4 Mcal/kg of digestible energy) or diluted (wt/wt) with 25% sawdust (2.6 Mcal/kg) or with 50% sawdust (1.7 Mcal/kg). The mean daily caloric intake was 17,457 kcal (3.4 Mcal diet), 17,546 kcal (2.6 Mcal diet) and 12,844 kcal (1.7 Mcal). The mean time spent eating was 246 (3.4 Mcal), 351 (2.6 Mcal), and 408 (1.7 Mcal) minutes/day. Meal size increased and meal frequency decreased with increasing dilution. The median long survivorships of intermeal intervals were 6.4 min (3.4 Mcal), 3.95 min (2.6 Mcal) and 4.91 min (1.7 Mcal). Ponies responded to caloric dilution by increasing the volume of intake to maintain caloric intake when the diet had 25% diluent. When the diet was diluted by 50%, intake was increased, but not at a rate adequate to maintain caloric intake. However, the ponies were able to maintain body weight. |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0031-9384 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:4070429 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
52 |
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| Author |
Houpt, T.R. |
| Title |
The physiological determination of meal size in pigs |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Nutr Soc |
| Volume |
44 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
323-330 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Appetite/physiology; Drinking; Duodenum/physiology; *Eating; Energy Intake; Food; Horses/physiology; Milk; Osmolar Concentration; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology; Receptors, Cholecystokinin; Swine/*physiology; Time Factors |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0029-6651 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:2996010 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
53 |
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| Author |
Matsuzawa, T. |
| Title |
Use of numbers by a chimpanzee |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
315 |
Issue |
6014 |
Pages |
57-59 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition; Female; Mathematics; Pan troglodytes/*physiology |
| Abstract |
Recent studies have examined linguistic abilities in apes. However, although human mathematical abilities seem to be derived from the same foundation as those in language, we have little evidence for mathematical abilities in apes (but for exceptions see refs 7-10). In the present study, a 5-yr-old female chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), 'Ai', was trained to use Arabic numerals to name the number of items in a display. Ai mastered numerical naming from one to six and was able to name the number, colour and object of 300 types of samples. Although no particular sequence of describing samples was required, the chimpanzee favoured two sequences (colour/object/number and object/colour/number). The present study demonstrates that the chimpanzee was able to describe the three attributes of the sample items and spontaneously organized the 'word order'. |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0028-0836 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:3990808 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2793 |
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| Author |
McGonigle, B. |
| Title |
Can apes learn to count? |
Type |
|
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
315 |
Issue |
6014 |
Pages |
16-17 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition; Pan troglodytes/*physiology |
| Abstract |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0028-0836 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:3990806 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2794 |
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| Author |
Shettleworth, S.J. |
| Title |
Handling time and choice in pigeons |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Anal Behav |
| Volume |
44 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
139-155 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
According to optimal foraging theory, animals should prefer food items with the highest ratios of energy intake to handling time. When single items have negligible handling times, one large item should be preferred to a collection of small ones of equivalent total weight. However, when pigeons were offered such a choice on equal concurrent variable-interval schedules in a shuttlebox, they preferred the side offering many small items per reinforcement to that offering one or a few relatively large items. This preference was still evident on concurrent fixed-cumulative-duration schedules in which choosing the alternative with longer handling time substantially lowered the rate of food intake. |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0022-5002 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:16812429 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
383 |
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| Author |
Youket, R.J.; Carnevale, J.M.; Houpt, K.A.; Houpt, T.R. |
| Title |
Humoral, hormonal and behavioral correlates of feeding in ponies: the effects of meal frequency |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Journal of animal science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume |
61 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1103-1110 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Blood Glucose/*analysis; Blood Proteins/*analysis; Blood Volume; *Eating; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Female; Heart Rate; Horses/blood/*physiology; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Triiodothyronine/*blood |
| Abstract |
The effect of meal frequency on body fluid, glucose, triiodothyronine (T3), heart rate and behavior was measured in 10 ponies. A simple reversal design was used in which each pony received one meal/day (1X) for 2 wk and six meals/day (6X) for 2 wk. The total intake/day was held constant. Feeding was followed by a rise in plasma levels of glucose, T3, protein and osmolality. One large meal was followed by significantly greater changes in all of the variables than was a meal one-sixth the size. Plasma T3 rose from 41 +/- 5 (SE) ng/liter before feeding to 43 +/- 5 ng/liter following a small meal, but rose significantly higher, from 39 +/- 4 to 60 +/- 10 ng/liter, following a large meal. Glucose rose from 84 +/- 3 to 109 +/- 7 mg/dl following a small meal and rose significantly higher, from 83 +/- 3 to 154 +/- 11 mg/dl, after a large meal. Plasma protein rose from 6.55 +/- .14 to 6.62 +/- .16 g/dl following a small meal and from 6.45 +/- .14 to 6.99 +/- .11 g/dl following a large meal. Osmolality rose from 227 +/- 1 mosmol/liter before to 279 +/- 1 mosmol/liter following a small meal and significantly higher from 278 +/- 2 to 285 +/- 1 mosnol/liter following a large meal. Heart rate rose from 42 beats/min in the absence of feed to 50 beats/min when food was visible to the ponies and did not rise higher when eating began. There were no significant differences in the cardiac response to one large meal and that to a small meal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0021-8812 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:4077755 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
51 |
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| Author |
Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Houpt, K.A.; Carnevale, J. |
| Title |
Feeding and drinking behavior of mares and foals with free access to pasture and water |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Journal of animal science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume |
60 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
883-889 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Drinking Behavior; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Poaceae; Seasons; Temperature; Time Factors |
| Abstract |
The feeding and drinking behavior of 11 mares and 15 foals living on pasture with free access to water was recorded during 2,340 15-min focal samples taken over 2 yr. Lactating mares on pasture spent about 70% of the day feeding. Foals began feeding on their first day of life. As they grew older, they spent progressively more time feeding, but still spent only 47 +/- 6% of the time feeding by 21 wk of age. Foals fed primarily during the early morning and evening. While grass formed the major proportion of the diet of both foals and mares, they also ate clay, humus, feces, bark, leaves and twigs. Almost all feeding by foals was done while their mothers were feeding. Movement to water sources was frequently, but not invariably, carried out by an entire herd. Frequency (P = .005) but not duration (P greater than .05) of drinking bouts by mares increased as the temperature increased. Frequency was greatest at 30 to 35 C, at which temperature mares drank once every 1.8 h. Frequency of drinking varied with the time of day (P less than .01), being rarest during the early morning (0500 to 0900 h eastern daylight time) and most frequent during the afternoon (1300 to 1700 h). Drinking by foals was very rare. The youngest age at which a foal was observed to drink was 3 wk, and 8 of 15 foals were never observed to drink before weaning. |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0021-8812 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:3988655 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
54 |
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| Author |
Cook, M.; Mineka, S.; Wolkenstein, B.; Laitsch, K. |
| Title |
Observational conditioning of snake fear in unrelated rhesus monkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Journal of abnormal psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Abnorm Psychol |
| Volume |
94 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
591-610 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Conditioning, Classical; *Fear; Female; Macaca mulatta; Male; Snakes |
| Abstract |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0021-843X |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:4078162 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
707 |
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