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| Author | Parry, B.W.; Gay, C.C.; McCarthy, M.A. | ||||
| Title | Influence of head height on arterial blood pressure in standing horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1980 | Publication | American Journal of Veterinary Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 41 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 1626-1631 |
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| Notes | Cited By (since 1996): 4; Export Date: 21 October 2008 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4539 | ||
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| Author | Spengler M.I.; Rasia M. | ||||
| Title | Influence of Plasma Proteins on Erythrocyte Aggregation in Three Mammalian Species | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Veterinary Research Communications | Abbreviated Journal | Vet.Res.Comm |
| Volume | 25 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 591-599 |
| Keywords | albumin – bovine – equine – erythrocyte aggregation – dextran – haemorheology – human – plasma protein – polyvinylpyrrolidone | ||||
| Abstract | The aggregation capacity of human erythrocytes lies between that of the non-aggregating bovine erythrocytes and the remarkably aggregating equine ones. As the ability to aggregate is attributed to cell factors and the composition of the plasma proteins, the role that plasma proteins play in the aggregation process in these three species was studied. Washed erythrocytes were suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4, 300 mOsm/L) plus polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in a suitable concentration to obtain an average intensity of aggregation (control media). The superimposed effect of replacing 80% of the medium by either autologous plasma, serum or albumin solution was studied. The plasma proteins appeared to enhance aggregation by human and equine erythrocytes, but impaired this process in bovine erythrocytes. Some evidence was obtained supporting the existence of serum factors capable of reducing aggregation of erythrocytes in cattle and it was concluded that the non-aggregating behaviour of bovine erythrocytes may be due to the cells interacting particularly with the macromolecules in the serum. | ||||
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| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 2013 | ||
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| Author | Fazio, F.; Assenza, A.; Piccione, G.; Caola, G. | ||||
| Title | Periodic Monitoring of Some Physiological Parameters during Training in the Athletic Horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Veterinary Research Communications | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 27 | Issue | Pages | 595-598 | |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4384 | ||
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| Author | Fazio, E.; Ferlazzo, A. | ||||
| Title | Evaluation of Stress During Transport | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Veterinary Research Communications | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 27 | Issue | Pages | 519-524 | |
| Keywords | hormones – physiological variables – stress – transport procedures | ||||
| Abstract | Domestic animals are transported for a variety of reasons including breeding, biomedical purposes, slaughter and, in the case of sporting horses, for competitions, pleasure activities or ceremonial proceedings. Studies to determine the amount of stress on farm animals during transport often have highly variable results and are difficult to interpret. The reaction of animals to stressors depends on the duration and intensity of the stressors, the animal's previous experience, its physiological status and the immediate environmental restraints. Behavioural, haematological, haematochemical, physiological and neuro-hormonal (ß-endorphin, ACTH, cortisol, iodothyronines) variables are discussed on the basis of handling, loading and transport procedures of animals. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4391 | ||
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| Author | Flauger, B.; Krueger, K.; Gerhards, H.; Möstl, E. | ||||
| Title | Simplified method to measure glucocorticoid metabolites in faeces of horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Veterinary Research Communications | Abbreviated Journal | Vet Res Comm |
| Volume | 34 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 185-195 |
| Keywords | ACTH challenge; enzyme immunoassay; stress behaviour; cortisol | ||||
| Abstract | Glucocorticoids or their metabolites can be measured in several body fluids or excreta, including plasma, saliva, urine and faeces. In recent years the measurement of glucocorticoid metabolites (GCMs) in faeces has gained increasing attention, because of its suitability for wild populations. In horses, however, the group-specific enzyme immunoassay described so far has a limited racticability due to its complex extraction procedure. Therefore, we tested the applicability of other enzyme immunoassays for glucocorticoid metabolites. The present study clearly proved that an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for 11-oxoetiocholanolone using 11-oxoetiocholanolone-17-CMO: BSA (3α,11-oxo-A EIA) as antigen showed high amounts of immunoreactive substances. Therefore it was possible to use just a small amount of the supernatant of a methanolic suspension of faeces. The results correlated well with the already described method for measuring GCMs in horse faeces, i.e. analysing the samples with an EIA after a two step clean up procedure of the samples (Merl et al. 2000). In addition, the 3α,11-oxo-A EIA has the advantage of providing a bigger difference between baseline values and peak values after ACTH stimulation. The new assay increased the accuracy of the test, lowered the expenses per sample, and storing samples at room temperature after collection was less critical than with other assays investigated in our study. This is a big advantage both in the field of wildlife management of equids and in the field of equestrian sports and it shows the importance of choosing an assay which is in good accordance with the metabolites excreted in a given species. |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5073 | ||
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| Author | Herron, M.A.; Martin, J.E.; Joyce, J.R. | ||||
| Title | Quantitative study of the decussating optic axons in the pony, cow, sheep, and pig. | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1978 | Publication | American Journal of Veterinary Research | Abbreviated Journal | Am. J. Vet .Res. |
| Volume | 39 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 1137-9 |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5586 | ||
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| Author | Houpt, T.R.; Houpt, K.A. | ||||
| Title | Nitrogen conservation by ponies fed a low -protein ration | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | American journal of veterinary research | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Vet Res |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 579-588 |
| Keywords | Administration, Oral; Amino Acids/biosynthesis; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology; Body Weight/drug effects; Dietary Proteins/*pharmacology; Horses/*metabolism; Nitrogen/*metabolism; Urea/administration & dosage/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism; Water/metabolism | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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0002-9645 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:5110116 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 62 | ||
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| Author | Spadavecchia, C.; Arendt-Nielsen, L.; Andersen, O.K.; Spadavecchia, L.; Doherr, M.; Schatzmann, U. | ||||
| Title | Comparison of nociceptive withdrawal reflexes and recruitment curves between the forelimbs and hind limbs in conscious horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | American journal of veterinary research | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Vet Res |
| Volume | 64 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 700-707 |
| Keywords | Animals; Consciousness; Female; Forelimb/*physiology; Hindlimb/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Male; Nociceptors/physiology; Pain/*physiopathology/*veterinary; Pain Threshold/physiology; Recruitment, Neurophysiological/physiology; Reflex/*physiology | ||||
| Abstract | OBJECTIVE: To compare nociceptive withdrawal reflexes (NWRs) evoked from the distal aspect of the left forelimb and hind limb in conscious standing horses and to investigate NWR recruitment for graded electrical stimulation intensities. ANIMALS: 20 adult horses. PROCEDURE: Surface electromyographic (EMG) activity evoked by transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the digital palmar (or plantar) nerve was recorded from the common digital extensor and cranial tibial muscles. Stimuli consisted of 25-millisecond train-of-5 constant current pulses. Current intensity was gradually increased until NWR threshold intensity was reached. The EMG signal was analyzed for quantification of the NWR. Behavioral responses accompanying the reflex were scored (scale, 0 to 5). The NWR recruitment curves were determined at 0.9, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 times the NWR threshold intensity. RESULTS: The NWR threshold was significantly higher for the hind limb (median value, 6.6 mA; range, 3 to 10 mA) than the forelimb (median, 3 mA; range, 1.7 to 5.5 mA). The NWR of the hind limb had a significantly longer latency (median, 122.8 milliseconds; range, 106 to 172 milliseconds), compared with the forelimb (median, 98 milliseconds; range, 86 to 137 milliseconds), and it was associated with significantly stronger behavioral reactions. Gradual increase of NWR amplitude was evident at increasing stimulation intensities and supported by the behavioral observations. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: We documented NWRs evoked from the forelimb and hind limb and their recruitment with stimuli of increasing intensity in horses. These results provide a basis for use of NWRs in studies on nociceptive modulation in horses. | ||||
| Address | Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Berne, Switzerland | ||||
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0002-9645 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12828255 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 93 | ||
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| Author | Keiper, R.; Houpt, K. | ||||
| Title | Reproduction in feral horses: an eight-year study | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1984 | Publication | American journal of veterinary research | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Vet Res |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 991-995 |
| Keywords | Abortion, Veterinary/epidemiology; Anestrus; Animal Population Groups/*physiology; Animals; Animals, Wild/*physiology; Birth Rate; Female; Fertility; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses/*physiology; Lactation; Male; Maryland; Pregnancy; *Reproduction; Seasons; Sex Ratio; Virginia | ||||
| Abstract | The reproductive rate and foal survival of the free-ranging ponies on Assateague Island National Seashore were studied for 8 years, 1975 to 1982. Most (52%) of the 86 foals were born in May, 13% were born in April, 22.6% in June, 10.4% in July, and less than 1% in August and September. The mean foaling rate was 57.1 +/- 3.9% and the survival rate was 88.3 +/- 3.6%. Forty-eight colts and 55 fillies were born (sex ratio 53% female). Mares less than 3 years old did not foal and the foaling rate of 3-year-old mares was only 23%, that of 4-year-old mares was 46%, that of 5-year-old mares was 53%, and 6-year-old mares was 69%. The relatively poor reproduction rate was believed to be a consequence of the stress of lactating while carrying a foal when forage quality on the island was low. The hypothesis was supported by the higher reproductive rate (74.4 +/- 2.4%) of the ponies in the Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge on the southern part of the island. Their foals are weaned and sold in July each year. Despite the low reproductive rate on Assateague Island National Seashore , the number of ponies increased from 43 to 80, a 90% increase in the 8-year period or greater than 10%/yr. There were 24 deaths and 8 dispersals from the study area. | ||||
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0002-9645 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:6732036 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 665 | ||
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| Author | Kurvers, C.M.H.C.; van Weeren, P.R.; Rogers, C.W.; van Dierendonck, M.C. | ||||
| Title | Quantification of spontaneous locomotion activity in foals kept in pastures under various management conditions | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | American journal of veterinary research | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Vet Res |
| Volume | 67 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 1212-1217 |
| Keywords | Aging; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Motor Activity/*physiology; Sex Characteristics | ||||
| Abstract | OBJECTIVE: To describe spontaneous locomotion activity of foals kept under various management conditions and assess the suitability of global positioning system (GPS) technology for recording foal activity. Animals-59 foals. PROCEDURES: During the foals' first 4 months of life, 921 observation periods (15 minutes each) were collected and analyzed for locomotion activities. The GPS system was evaluated by simultaneously carrying out field observations with a handheld computer. RESULTS: Foals spent 0.5% of total observed time cantering, 0.2% trotting, 10.7% walking, 32.0% grazing, 34.8% standing, and 21.6% lying down. Total observed daytime workload (velocity x distance) in the first month was approximately twice that in the following months. Locomotion activity decreased with increasing age. Colts had more activity than fillies in certain periods, and foals that were stabled for some portion of the day had compensatory locomotion activity, which was probably insufficient to reach the level of foals kept continually outside. The GPS recordings and handheld-computer observations were strongly correlated for canter, trot, and walk and moderately correlated for standing and lying. Correlation for grazing was low. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that domestically managed foals, when kept 24 h/d at pasture, will exercise at a level comparable with feral foals. High workload during the first month of life might be important for conditioning the musculoskeletal system. The GPS technique accurately quantified canter, trot, and walk activities; less accurately indexed resting; and was unsuitable for grazing because of the wide array of velocities used while foraging. | ||||
| Address | Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands | ||||
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0002-9645 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16817745 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1786 | |||
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