Records |
Author |
Pimenta, V.; Barroso, I.; Boitani, L.; Beja, P. |
Title |
Risks a la carte: Modelling the occurrence and intensity of wolf predation on multiple livestock species |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Conserva. |
Volume |
228 |
Issue |
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Pages |
331-342 |
Keywords |
Human-wildlife conflict; Large carnivores; Livestock husbandry systems; Predation risk; Predation intensity |
Abstract |
Predation on livestock is a source of human-wildlife conflicts and can undermine the conservation of large carnivores. To design effective mitigation strategies, it is important to understand the determinants of predation across livestock species, which often differ in husbandry practices, vulnerability to predators and economic value. Moreover, attention should be given to both predation occurrence and intensity, because these can have different spatial patterns and predictors. We used spatial risk modelling to quantify factors affecting wolf predation on five livestock species in Portugal. Within the 1619 parishes encompassing the entire wolf range in the country, the national wolf compensation scheme recorded 17,670 predation events in 2009-2015, each involving one or more livestock species: sheep (31.7%), cattle (27.7%), goats (26.8%), horses (14.8%) and donkeys (3.2%). Models built with 2009-2013 data and validated with 2014-2015 data, showed a shared general pattern of predation probability on each species increasing with its own density and proximity to wolf packs. For some species there were positive relations with the density of other livestock species, and with habitat variables such as altitude, and land cover by shrubland and natural pastures. There was also a general pattern for predation intensity on each species increasing with its own density, while proximity to wolf packs had no significant effects. Predation intensity on goats, cattle and horses increased with the use of communal versus private pastures. Our results suggest that although predation may occur wherever wolves coexist with livestock species, high predation intensity is mainly restricted to particular areas where husbandry practices increase the vulnerability of animals, and this is where mitigation efforts should concentrate. |
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0006-3207 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6438 |
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Author |
Reader, S. M.; MacDonald, K. |
Title |
Environmental variability and primate behavioural flexibiity |
Type |
Book Chapter |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Innovation |
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Pages |
83-116 |
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Oxford University Press |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
Editor |
Reader, S. M.; Laland, K. L. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6548 |
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Author |
Nakagawa, S. |
Title |
A farewell to Bonferroni: the problems of low statistical power and publication bias |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
beheco |
Volume |
15 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1044-1045 |
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1045-2249 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6560 |
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Author |
Broekhuis, F.; Madsen, E.K.; Keiwua, K.; Macdonald, D.W. |
Title |
Using GPS collars to investigate the frequency and behavioural outcomes of intraspecific interactions among carnivores: A case study of male cheetahs in the Maasai Mara, Kenya |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Plos One |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plos One |
Volume |
14 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
e0213910 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
Intraspecific interactions between individuals or groups of individuals of the same species are an important component of population dynamics. Interactions can be static, such as spatial overlap, or dynamic based on the interactions of movements, and can be mediated through communication, such as the deployment of scent marks. Interactions and their behavioural outcomes can be difficult to determine, especially for species that live at low densities. With the use of GPS collars we quantify both static and dynamic interactions between male cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) and the behavioural outcomes. The 99% home-ranges of males overlapped significantly while there was little overlap of the 50% home-ranges. Despite this overlap, male cheetahs rarely came into close proximity of one another, possibly because presence was communicated through frequent visits to marking posts. The minimum distance between individuals in a dyad ranged from 89m to 196m but the average proximity between individuals ranged from 17,145 ± 6,865m to 26,367 ± 11,288m. Possible interactions took place more frequently at night than by day and occurred mostly in the 50% home-range of one individual of a dyad or where cores of both individuals overlapped. After a possible encounter male cheetahs stayed in close proximity to each other for up to 6 hours, which could be the result of a territory defence strategy or the presence of a receptive female. We believe that one of the encounters between a singleton and a 5-male coalition resulted in the death of the singleton. Our results give new insights into cheetah interactions, which could help our understanding of ecological processes such as disease transmission. |
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Public Library of Science |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6562 |
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Author |
Custance, D.; Whiten, A.; Fredman, T. |
Title |
Social learning of an artificial fruit task in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Comp. Psychol. |
Volume |
113 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
13-23 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
Social learning in 11 human-raised capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) was investigated using an artificial fruit that was designed as an analogue of natural foraging problems faced by primates. Each subject observed a human model open each of 3 principal components on the fruit in 1 of 2 alternative ways (“morphs”). The capuchin monkeys reproduced, to differing extents, the alternative techniques used for opening 1 component of the task (poking vs. pulling while twisting out a pair of smooth plastic bolts) but not the other 2. From the subjects' actions on the bolt latch, independent coders could recognize which morph they had witnessed, and they observed a degree of matching to the demonstrator's act consistent with simple imitation or object movement reenactment (A learns from watching B how an object, or parts of an object, move). Thus, these capuchins were capable of more complex social learning than has been recently ascribed to monkeys. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6563 |
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Author |
Dorey, N.R.; Conover, A.M.; Udell, M.A.R. |
Title |
Interspecific communication from people to horses (Equus ferus caballus) is influenced by different horsemanship training styles |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative Psychology, |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Comp. Psychol. |
Volume |
128 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
337-342 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
The ability of many domesticated animals to follow human pointing gestures to locate hidden food has led to scientific debate on the relative importance of domestication and individual experience on the origins and development of this capacity. To further explore this question, we examined the influence of different prior training histories/methods on the ability of horses (Equus ferus caballus) to follow a momentary distal point. Ten horses previously trained using one of two methods (Parelli™ natural horsemanship or traditional horse training) were tested using a standard object choice task. The results show that neither group of horses was initially able to follow the momentary distal point. However, after more experience with the point, horses previously trained using the Parelli natural horsemanship method learned to follow momentary distal points significantly faster than those previously trained with traditional methods. The poor initial performance of horses on distal pointing tasks, coupled with the finding that prior training history and experimental experience can lead to success on this task, fails to support the predictions of the domestication hypothesis and instead lends support to the two-stage hypothesis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6564 |
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Author |
Zajonc, R.B. |
Title |
Social Facilitation |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1965 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
149 |
Issue |
3681 |
Pages |
269-274 |
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Abstract |
300 Multiple ChoicesThis is a pdf-only article and there is no markup to show you.full-text.pdf |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6565 |
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Author |
Byrne R.W. |
Title |
The evolution of intelligence |
Type |
Book Chapter |
Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Behaviour and Evolution |
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223-265 |
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Cambridge University Press |
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Cambridge,UK |
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P.J.B. Slater and T.R. Halliday |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6566 |
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Author |
Galef, B.G. |
Title |
Enduring social enhancement of rats' preferences for the palatable and the piquant |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1989 |
Publication |
Appetite |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appetite |
Volume |
13 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
81-92 |
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Abstract |
In three experiments on the social induction of food preferences in rats, I found: (a) that eight 30-min exposures of a naive “observer” rat to a “demonstrator” rat fed one of two approximately equipalatable diets produced observer preference for the diet fed to its demonstrator that lasted for more than a month, (b) that simple exposure of naive subjects to a diet itself, rather than to a rat that had eaten a diet, was not sufficient to enhance preference for that diet, and (c) that lasting preference for an unpalatable, piquant diet could also be established by exposing naive rats to demonstrators that had eaten the piquant diet, but not by simply exposure to the piquant diet itself. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis proposed by both Birch and Rozin that social-affective contexts are important in establishing stable, learned preferences for foods. |
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0195-6663 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6567 |
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Author |
Lesimple, C.; Sankey, C.; Richard, M.-A.; HAUSBERGER, M. |
Title |
Do Horses Expect Humans to Solve Their Problems? |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front. Psychol. |
Volume |
3 |
Issue |
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Pages |
306 |
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Abstract |
Domestic animals are highly capable of detecting human cues, while wild relatives tend to perform less well (e.g. responding to pointing gestures). It is suggested that domestication may have led to the development of such cognitive skills. Here, we hypothesized that because domestic animals are so attentive and dependant to humans' actions for resources, the counter effect may be a decline of self sufficiency, such as individual task solving. Here we show a negative correlation between the performance in a learning task (opening a chest) and the interest shown by horses towards humans, despite high motivation expressed by investigative behaviours directed at the chest. If human-directed attention reflects the development of particular skills in domestic animals, this is to our knowledge the first study highlighting a link between human-directed behaviours and impaired individual solving task skills (ability to solve a task by themselves) in horses. |
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1664-1078 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6568 |
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