| Records |
| Author |
Heyes, C.M. |
| Title |
Imitation and flattery: a reply to Byrne & Tomasello |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
50 |
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5 |
Pages |
1421-1424 |
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593 |
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| Author |
Tomasello, M.; Hare, B.; Fogleman, T. |
| Title |
The ontogeny of gaze following in chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, and rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
61 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
335-343 |
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| Abstract |
Primates follow the gaze direction of conspecifics to outside objects. We followed the ontogeny of this social-cognitive skill for two species: rhesus macaques and chimpanzees. In the first two experiments, using both a cross-sectional and a longitudinal design, we exposed individuals of different ages to a human looking in a specified direction. Rhesus infants first began reliably to follow the direction of this gaze at the end of the early infancy period, at about 5.5 months of age. Chimpanzees did not reliably follow human gaze until 3-4 years; this corresponds to the latter part of the late infancy period for this species. In the third experiment we exposed individuals of the same two species to a human repeatedly looking to the same location (with no special object at that location) to see if subjects would learn to ignore the looks. Only adults of the two species diminished their gaze-following behaviour over trials. This suggests that in the period between infancy and adulthood individuals of both species come to integrate their gaze-following skills with their more general social-cognitive knowledge about other animate beings and their behaviour, and so become able to deploy their gaze-following skills in a more flexible manner. |
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596 |
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Sovrano, V.A.; Rainoldi, C.; Bisazza, A.; Vallortigara, G. |
| Title |
Roots of brain specializations: preferential left-eye use during mirror-image inspection in six species of teleost fish |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Behavioural Brain Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Brain. Res. |
| Volume |
106 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
175-180 |
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Predator fixation; Fish; Left-eye preference |
| Abstract |
It has recently been reported that predator inspection is more likely to occur when a companion (i.e. the mirror image of the test animal) is visible on the left rather than on the right side of mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki. This very unexpected outcome could be consistent with the hypothesis of a preferential use of the right eye during sustained fixation of a predator as well as of a preferential use of the left eye during fixation of conspecifics. We measured the time spent in monocular viewing during inspection of their own mirror images in females of six species of fish, belonging to different families--G. holbrooki, Xenotoca eiseni, Phoxinus phoxinus, Pterophyllum scalare, Xenopoecilus sarasinorum, and Trichogaster trichopterus. Results revealed a consistent left-eye preference during sustained fixation in all of the five species. Males of G. holbrooki, which do not normally show any social behaviour, did not exhibit any eye preferences during mirror-image inspection. We found, however, that they could be induced to manifest a left-eye preference, likewise females, if tested soon after capture, when some affiliative tendencies can be observed. These findings add to current evidence in a variety of vertebrate species for preferential involvement of structures located in the right side of the brain in response to the viewing of conspecifics. |
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614 |
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Weeks, J.W.; Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Heusner, G. |
| Title |
Preliminary study of the development of the Flehmen response in Equus caballus |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
78 |
Issue |
2-4 |
Pages |
329-335 |
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Horse behavior; Flehmen; Foal development |
| Abstract |
The flehmen response is commonly seen in most ungulates as well as in several other species (e.g. felids). The behavior is most often thought to be part of the sexual behavioral repertoire of males. One reigning hypothesis suggests that this behavior allows the male to determine the estrous state of a female through the chemosensory functions of the vomeronasal organ. However, females and young of both sexes also exhibit this behavior. Horse foals most frequently show the flehmen response during their first month of life with colts showing the behavior more often than fillies. This study tested the flehmen response on male and female foals throughout their pre-pubertal period. Foals were separately presented estrous and non-estrous urine weekly during the first month of life and then monthly until they were approximately 7 months of age. No significant differences were found between male and female foals for the following variables: latency to flehmen, duration of flehmen, frequency of flehmen and sniffs. |
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615 |
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| Author |
Hall, C. |
| Title |
The impact of visual perception on equine learning |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
| Volume |
76 |
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29-33 |
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619 |
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Ninomiya, S. |
| Title |
Social leaning and stereotypy in horses |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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76 |
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22-23 |
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620 |
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| Author |
Leblanc, M.-A.; Duncan, P. |
| Title |
Can studies of cognitive abilities and of life in the wild really help us to understand equine learning? |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
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Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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76 |
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49-52 |
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621 |
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| Author |
McCall, C.A. |
| Title |
Making equine learning research applicable to training procedures |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
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Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
| Volume |
76 |
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1 |
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27-28 |
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623 |
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| Author |
Sigurjónsdóttir , H. |
| Title |
Equine learning behaviour: The importance of evolutionary and ecological approach in research |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
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Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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76 |
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40-42 |
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624 |
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| Author |
Krueger, K.; Flauger, B. |
| Title |
Social learning in horses from a novel perspective |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
| Volume |
76 |
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1 |
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37-39 |
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625 |
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