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| Author | Wynne C. D. L. | ||||
| Title | Animal Cognition: The Mental Lives of Animals | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | Covering a wide range of key topics, from reasoning and communication to sensation and complex problem-solving, this engagingly-written text presents a comprehensive survey of contemporary research on animal cognition. Written for anyone with an interest in animal cognition, but without a background in animal behaviour, it endeavours to explain what makes animals tick. With numerous illustrations and including exciting recent studies from many little-studied species (such as the weakly electric African fish), this text is ideal for psychology students who are interested in how much of our human cognition is shared by other species, for students of biology who want to know how complex animal behaviour can get, and for all those with an interest in the animal mind. |
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| Publisher | Palgrave | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN  |
9780333923955 | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6157 | ||
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| Author | Slater, P.; Rosenblatt, J.; Snowdon, C.; Roper, T. | ||||
| Title | ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR, 31 | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | 31 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Abstract | Description The aim of Advances in the Study of Behavior remains as it has been since the series began: to serve the increasing number of scientists who are engaged in the study of animal behavior by presenting their theoretical ideas and research to their colleagues and to those in neighboring fields. We hope that the series will continue its “contribution to the development of the field”, as its intended role was phrased in the Preface to the first volume in 1965. Since that time, traditional areas of animal behavior have achieved new vigor by the links they have formed with related fields and by the closer relationship that now exists between those studying animal and human subjects. Advances in the Study of Behavior, Volume 31 continues to serve scientists across a wide spectrum of disciplines. Focusing on new theories and research developments with respect to behavioral ecology, evolutionary biology, and comparative psychology, these volumes foster cooperation and communications in these dense fields. Audience Experimental psychologists studying animal behavior, comparative psychologists, ethologists, evolutionary biologists, and ichthyologists. Contents Contributors. Preface.M.L. East and H. Hofer, Conflict and Co-operation in a Female Dominated Society: A Re-assessment of the “Hyper-aggressive” Image of Spotted Hyenas.C. ten Cate, H. Slabbekoorn, and M.R. Ballintijn, Bird Song and Male-male Competition: Causes and Consequences of Vocal Variability in the Collared Dove (Streptopelia Decaocto).R.W. Byrne, Imitation of Novel Complex Actions: What Does the Evidence from Animals Mean?L.J. Rogers, Lateralization in Vertebrates: Its Early Evolution, General Pattern and Development.S.H. Hulse, Auditory Scene Analysis in Animal Communication.P.K. Stoddard, Electric Signals: Predation, Sex, and Environmental Constraints.T. Aubin and P. Jouventin, How to Vocally Identify Kin in a Crowd: The Penguin Model. Index. Contents of Previous Volumes. |
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| Publisher | ACADEMIC PRESS | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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978-0-12-004531-0 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4736 | ||
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| Author | Zentall, T.R. | ||||
| Title | The case for a cognitive approach to animal learning and behavior | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Behavioral Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav Processes |
| Volume | 54 | Issue | 1-3 | Pages | 65-78 |
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| Abstract | The dangers of hypothesizing about unobservable cognitive mechanisms are well known to behavior analysts. I propose, however, that carefully fashioned cognitive theories that make predictions that are inconsistent with current behavioral theories can provide useful research tools for the understanding of behavior. Furthermore, even if the results of such research may be accommodated by modifying existing behavioral theories, our understanding of behavior is often advanced by the empirical findings because it is unlikely that the research would have been conducted in the absence of such cognitive hypothesizing. Two examples of the development of emergent relations are described: The first deals with the nature of a pigeon's 'representation' of two stimuli both of which are associated with correct responding to a third in a many-to-one matching task (stimulus equivalence or common representations). The second has to do with transitive inference, the emergent relation between two stimuli mediated by their relation to a common stimulus in a simultaneous discrimination. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 40506-0044, Lexington, KY, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0376-6357 | ISBN |
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| Notes | PMID:11369461 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 25 | |||
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| Author | Abeyesinghe, S.M.; Nicol, C.J.; Wathes. C.M.; Randall, J.M. | ||||
| Title | Development of a raceway method to assess aversion of domestic fowl to concurrent stressors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
| Volume | 56 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 175-194 |
| Keywords | previous termConcurrent stressors; Aversion; Domestic fowlnext term; Transport; Vibration; Hyperthermia | ||||
| Abstract | The requirement for assessing the effects of stressor combinations in improving the welfare of animals has not been widely recognised. Knowledge of the effects of concurrent stressors is needed to improve environments such as transport, where animals are presented with many simultaneous challenges. However, no method for measuring the effects of different stressors with a common unit is currently available. A locomotor passive avoidance method was developed as a common currency measure of the aversion of domestic fowl to concurrent stressors, using vibrational and thermal stressors as an exemplar. Juvenile fowl, fasted overnight, were trained to run a raceway into a goal-box for small food rewards (FR1). When running consistently, the reinforcement schedule was superimposed with a FR5 treatment schedule (60 min confinement in the goal-box with either a control of no other stressors [N] or concurrent vibration and thermal stressors [VT]). Subsequent latency to return to the goal-box was recorded as a measure of aversion. The factors affecting bird response were addressed in a series of experiments to optimise the method and clarify interpretation of results. Pre-feeding (20% ration 2 h prior to testing) did not affect response, but increasing the number of treatment presentations facilitated learning and increased method sensitivity. Treatment responses were consistent across experiments; overall VT was avoided (P<0.001), but N was not. However, there was large individual variation in response to VT. A final experiment indicated that, given a visual discriminatory cue, birds were capable of learning the required association between entering the goal-box and receiving the treatment, suggesting that the delay responses were due to aversion rather than the immediate impact of treatment on ability to respond. Further work is required to test the singular stressors, but the method retains common currency potential for assessing aversion to multiple stressors. | ||||
| Address | Bio-Engineering Division, Silsoe Research Institute, Wrest Park, Silsoe, MK45 4HS, Bedford, UK | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0376-6357 | ISBN |
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| Notes | PMID:11738510 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 85 | ||
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| Author | Visser, E.K.; van Reenen, C.G.; Hopster, H.; Schilder, M.B.H.; Knaap, J.H.; Barneveld, A.; Blokhuis, H.J. | ||||
| Title | Quantifying aspects of young horses' temperament: consistency of behavioural variables | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 74 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 241-258 |
| Keywords | Horses; Temperament; Individual differences; Behavioural variables; Pca | ||||
| Abstract | Performance of horses, whether in sports or in leisure, depends on both physical abilities as well as temperament. The aim of the present work was to measure individual variation and consistency of behavioural variables, related to temperament, in young horses of the same breed and age, and reared under controlled housing conditions and management. A total of 41 Dutch Warmblood horses were tested at 9, 10, 21 and 22 months of age in two behavioural tests, i.e. the novel object test and the handling test. In the novel object test horses were confronted with an open umbrella that was lowered from the ceiling. In the handling test horses were led by a human to cross a bridge. Per test, behavioural variables in the following behavioural classes were observed: locomotor activity, latency times, postural expressions and vocalisations. Within years, all behavioural variables in the handling test, and all but two in the novel object test were positively correlated (0.36<Rs<0.81, P<0.05). For both tests, at 9, 10, 21 and 22 months of age, a principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to examine whether there were indications for underlying components of these individual behavioural variables that could possibly serve as measures for temperamental traits. The first component in the novel object test could be regarded as `flightiness' and the second as `sensitiveness'. In the handling test, the first component was suggested to relate to `patience', the second component to `willingness to perform'. The temperamental trait `flightiness' (novel object test) as well as the temperamental trait `patience' (handling test) were positively correlated within both years (0.36<Rs<0.65, P<0.05). For the traits `sensitiveness' (novel object test) and `willingness to perform' (handling test) a positive correlation was only found within the first year (0.44<Rs<0.57, P<0.01). A few individual behavioural variables showed consistency over years. Additionally, just one out of four temperamental traits, namely `flightiness', proved to be consistent over years (Rs=0.49, P<0.01). The temperamental trait `patience' showed a trend between years (Rs=0.31, 0.05<P<0.1). It is concluded that the behavioural tests employed in the present study can be used to reliably identify individual behavioural variables and temperamental traits in young horses. Long-term consistency, i.e. between subsequent years, could not be demonstrated convincingly. Nevertheless, future work may indicate that employing the same approach and considering an even longer time period or different phases of the horse's life, long-term consistency does exist. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 324 | ||
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| Author | Shettleworth, S.J. | ||||
| Title | Animal cognition and animal behaviour | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 61 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 277-286 |
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| Abstract | Cognitive processes such as perception, learning, memory and decision making play an important role in mate choice, foraging and many other behaviours. In this review, I summarize a few key ideas about animal cognition developed in a recent book (Shettleworth 1998, Cognition, Evolution and Behaviour) and briefly review some areas in which interdisciplinary research on animal cognition is currently proving especially productive. Cognition, broadly defined, includes all ways in which animals take in information through the senses, process, retain and decide to act on it. Studying animal cognition does not entail any particular position on whether or to what degree animals are conscious. Neither does it entail rejecting behaviourism in that one of the greatest challenges in studing animal cognition is to formulate clear behavioural criteria for inferring specific mental processes. Tests of whether or not apparently goal-directed behaviour is controlled by a representation of its goal, episodic-like memory in birds, and deceptive behaviour in monkeys provide examples. Functional modelling has been integrated with analyses of cognitive mechanisms in a number of areas, including studies of communication, models of how predator learning and attention affect the evolution of conspicuous and cryptic prey, tests of the relationship betweeen ecological demands on spatial cognition and brain evolution, and in research on social learning. Rather than a `new field' of cognitive ecology, such interdisciplinary research on animal cognition exemplifies a revival of interest in proximate mechanisms of behaviour. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 397 | ||
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| Author | Griffiths, D.P.; Clayton, N.S. | ||||
| Title | Testing episodic memory in animals: A new approach | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Physiology & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Physiol. Behav. |
| Volume | 73 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 755-762 |
| Keywords | Episodic memory; Food-caching; Animal models | ||||
| Abstract | Episodic memory involves the encoding and storage of memories concerned with unique personal experiences and their subsequent recall, and it has long been the subject of intensive investigation in humans. According to Tulving's classical definition, episodic memory “receives and stores information about temporally dated episodes or events and temporal-spatial relations among these events.” Thus, episodic memory provides information about the `what' and `when' of events (`temporally dated experiences') and about `where' they happened (`temporal-spatial relations'). The storage and subsequent recall of this episodic information was thought to be beyond the memory capabilities of nonhuman animals. Although there are many laboratory procedures for investigating memory for discrete past episodes, until recently there were no previous studies that fully satisfied the criteria of Tulving's definition: they can all be explained in much simpler terms than episodic memory. However, current studies of memory for cache sites in food-storing jays provide an ethologically valid model for testing episodic-like memory in animals, thereby bridging the gap between human and animal studies memory. There is now a pressing need to adapt these experimental tests of episodic memory for other animals. Given the potential power of transgenic and knock-out procedures for investigating the genetic and molecular bases of learning and memory in laboratory rodents, not to mention the wealth of knowledge about the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the rodent hippocampus (a brain area heavily implicated in episodic memory), an obvious next step is to develop a rodent model of episodic-like memory based on the food-storing bird paradigm. The development of a rodent model system could make an important contribution to our understanding of the neural, molecular, and behavioral mechanisms of mammalian episodic memory. | ||||
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| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 401 | ||
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| Author | Dugatkin, L.A. | ||||
| Title | Bystander effects and the structure of dominance hierarchies | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Behavioral Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Ecol. |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 348-352 |
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| Abstract | Prior modeling work has found that pure winner and loser effects (i.e., changing the estimation of your own fighting ability as a function of direct prior experience) can have important consequences for hierarchy formation. Here these models are extended to incorporate “bystander effects.” When bystander effects are in operation, observers (i.e., bystanders) of aggressive interactions change their assessment of the protagonists' fighting abilities (depending on who wins and who loses). Computer simulations demonstrate that when bystander winner effects alone are at play, groups have a clear omega (bottom-ranking individual), while the relative position of other group members remains difficult to determine. When only bystander loser effects are in operation, wins and losses are randomly distributed throughout a group (i.e., no discernible hierarchy). When pure and bystander winner effects are jointly in place, a linear hierarchy, in which all positions (i.e., {alpha} to {delta} when N = 4) are clearly defined, emerges. Joint pure and bystander loser effects produce the same result. In principle one could test the predictions from the models developed here in a straightforward comparative study. Hopefully, the results of this model will spur on such studies in the future. | ||||
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| Notes | 10.1093/beheco/12.3.348 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 441 | ||
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| Author | Johnstone, R.A. | ||||
| Title | Eavesdropping and animal conflict | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
| Volume | 98 | Issue | 16 | Pages | 9177-9180 |
| Keywords | *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Conflict (Psychology); Models, Theoretical | ||||
| Abstract | Fights between pairs of animals frequently take place within a wider social context. The displays exchanged during conflict, and the outcome of an encounter, are often detectable by individuals who are not immediately involved. In at least some species, such bystanders are known to eavesdrop on contests between others, and to modify their behavior toward the contestants in response to the observed interaction. Here, I extend Maynard Smith's well known model of animal aggression, the Hawk-Dove game, to incorporate the possibility of eavesdroppers. I show that some eavesdropping is favored whenever the cost of losing an escalated fight exceeds the value of the contested resource, and that its equilibrium frequency is greatest when costs are relatively high. Eavesdropping reduces the risk of escalated conflict relative to that expected by chance, given the level of aggression in the population. However, it also promotes increased aggression, because it enhances the value of victory. The net result is that escalated conflicts are predicted to occur more frequently when eavesdropping is possible. | ||||
| Address | Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom. raj1003@hermes.cam.ac.uk | ||||
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| ISSN | 0027-8424 | ISBN |
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| Notes | PMID:11459936 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 497 | ||
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| Author | Feh, C. | ||||
| Title | Alliances between stallions are more than just multimale groups: reply to Linklater & Cameron (2000) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 61 | Issue | Pages | F27-F30 | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 513 | ||
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