Records |
Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Greenwood, P.J.; Powell, R.P. |
Title |
Ranks and relationships in Highland ponies and Highland Cows |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z. Tierpsychol. |
Volume |
41 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
202-216 |
Keywords |
Agonistic Behavior; Animals; *Cattle; Female; Grooming; *Horses; Male; *Social Dominance; Spatial Behavior |
Abstract |
Recent studies of primates have questioned the importance of dominance hierarchies in groups living under natural conditions. In a herd of Highland ponies and one of Highland cattle grazing under free-range conditions on the Isle of Rhum (Inner Hebrides) well defined hierarchies were present. The provision of food produced a marked increase in the frequency of agonistic interactions but had no effect on the rank systems of the two herds. While rank was clearly important in affecting the distribution of agonistic interactions, it was poorly related to behaviour in non-agonistic situations. |
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English |
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ISSN |
0044-3573 |
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PMID:961125 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
661 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Parker, G.A. |
Title |
Sexual coercion in animal societies |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
Volume |
49 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1345-1365 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
In a wide range of animal species, males coerce females to mate with them, either by physically forcing them to mate, by harassing them until they mate or by punishing persistent refusal to mate. The first section of this paper argues that the possibility of forced copulation can generate arms races between males and females that may have substantial costs to both sexes. In the second section, it is suggested that sexual harassment commonly represents a `war of attrition' between the sexes; existing game theory models that may apply to sexual conflict over mating decisions are reviewed. The third section develops a simple prospective model for the evolution of intimidation by punishment in situations where males can raise the probability that females will accept their advances in future by punishing them for refusal to mate. Where the benefits of sexual coercion to males are high, all three male strategies may develop to a point where they have substantial costs to females. In the final section, evidence that female behaviour is adapted to minimizing these costs is reviewed. |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
757 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Albon, S.D.; Gibson, R.M.; Guinness, F.E. |
Title |
The logical stag: Adaptive aspects of fighting in red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
Volume |
27 |
Issue |
Part 1 |
Pages |
211-225 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
For red deer stags, fighting both has appreciable costs and yields considerable benefits. Up to 6% of rutting stags are permanently injured each year, while fighting success and reproductive success are closely related, within age groups as well as across them. Fighting behaviour is sensitive to changes in the potential benefits of fighting: stags fight most frequently and most intensely where potential benefits are high and tend to avoid fighting with individuals they are unlikely to beat. The relevance of these findings to theoretical models of fighting behaviour is discussed. |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
860 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H. |
Title |
Primate social organisation and ecology |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1974 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
250 |
Issue |
5467 |
Pages |
539-542 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
Attempts to relate interspecific differences in social organisation among primates to gross differences in habitat or diet type have been largely unsuccessful. This is probably partly because distantly related species have adapted to similar ecological situations in different ways and partly because much finer ecological differences are important. |
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Notes |
10.1038/250539a0 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4730 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Parker, G.A. |
Title |
Punishment in animal societies |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1995 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
373 |
Issue |
6511 |
Pages |
209-216 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
Although positive reciprocity (reciprocal altruism) has been a focus of interest in evolutionary biology, negative reciprocity (retaliatory infliction of fitness reduction) has been largely ignored. In social animals, retaliatory aggression is common, individuals often punish other group members that infringe their interests, and punishment can cause subordinates to desist from behaviour likely to reduce the fitness of dominant animals. Punishing strategies are used to establish and maintain dominance relationships, to discourage parasites and cheats, to discipline offspring or prospective sexual partners and to maintain cooperative behaviour. |
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Notes |
10.1038/373209a0 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4838 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Green, D.; Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M.; Albon, S.D. |
Title |
Passing the buck: resource defence, lek breeding and mate choice in fallow deer |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
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Pages |
281-296 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
lsquoLekrsquo breeding systems, where males defend small, clustered mating territories, are thought to occur where the distribution of females is heavily clumped but males are unable to defend resources used by females. In this paper, we describe a breeding system in fallow deer where males are able to defend resources used by females but the most successful bucks instead defend small territories on a traditional mating ground; where the lek is sited in an area not heavily used by females at other times of year and is visited primarily by females in or close to oestrus; and where mating success on the lek is related to territory position and to male phenotype but not to the resources available on different lek territories. Comparisons with other ungulates suggest that lek breeding species fall into two groups: those where leks are regularly visited by herds of females many of which are not in oestrus and those, like fallow deer, where leks are visited primarily by oestrous females. In the latter species, it is unlikely that females visit the lek for ecological reasons. |
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Notes |
10.1007/Bf00300575 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4882 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Harvey, P.H. |
Title |
Primates, brains and ecology |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Journal of Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Zool. Lond. |
Volume |
190 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
309-323 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
The paper examines systematic relationships among primates between brain size (relative to body size) and differences in ecology and social system. Marked differences in relative brain size exist between families. These are correlated with inter-family differences in body size and home range size. Variation in comparative brain size within families is related to diet (folivores have comparatively smaller brains than frugivores), home range size and possibly also to breeding system. The adaptive significance of these relationships is discussed. |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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ISSN |
1469-7998 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5451 |
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Author |
Mace, G.M.; Harvey, P.H.; Clutton-Brock, T.H. |
Title |
Brain size and ecology in small mammals |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1981 |
Publication |
Journal of Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Zool |
Volume |
193 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
333-354 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
Relative brain size (measured as gross brain size after body size effects are removed) differs systematically between families of rodents, insectivores and lagomorphs. The Sciuridae have the largest relative brain size, the Soricidae and Bathyergidae the smallest. These results are discussed and compared with previous analyses of relative brain sizes among primates and bats. These differences complicate comparisons between relative brain size across phylogenetically diverse species and attempts to relate differences in relative brain size to ecological variables. To overcome these problems, best fit relationships were estimated for each family, and values for each genus were expressed as deviations from the lines of best fit. We refer to these values as Comparative Brain Size (CBS). Differences in CBS are related to differences in habitat type (forest-dwelling genera have larger CBS' than grassland forms), in diet (folivores have smaller CBS' than generalists or insectivores, frugivores and granivores), in zonation (arboreal genera have larger CBS' than terrestrial ones) and in activity timing (nocturnal genera have larger CBS' than dirurnal ones). However, these ecological categories are interrelated and, when the effects of other ecological differences are taken into account using analyses of variance, only the differences associated with diet, and possibly habitat remain. |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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1469-7998 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5455 |
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Author |
Harvey, P.H.; Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Mace, G.M. |
Title |
Brain size and ecology in small mammals and primates |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
PNAS |
Volume |
77 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
4387-4389 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5456 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Russell, A.F.; Sharpe, L.L.; Brotherton, P.N.; McIlrath, G.M.; White, S.; Cameron, E.Z. |
Title |
Effects of helpers on juvenile development and survival in meerkats |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
293 |
Issue |
5539 |
Pages |
2446-2449 |
Keywords |
Animals; Breeding; Carnivora/growth & development/*physiology; *Cooperative Behavior; Feeding Behavior; Female; Male; Survival Rate; *Weight Gain |
Abstract |
Although breeding success is known to increase with group size in several cooperative mammals, the mechanisms underlying these relationships are uncertain. We show that in wild groups of cooperative meerkats, Suricata suricatta, reductions in the ratio of helpers to pups depress the daily weight gain and growth of pups and the daily weight gain of helpers. Increases in the daily weight gain of pups are associated with heavier weights at independence and at 1 year of age, as well as with improved foraging success as juveniles and higher survival rates through the first year of life. These results suggest that the effects of helpers on the fitness of pups extend beyond weaning and that helpers may gain direct as well as indirect benefits by feeding pups. |
Address |
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. thcb@hermes.cam.ac.uk |
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0036-8075 |
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PMID:11577235 |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
414 |
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