| Home | << 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 >> [11–20] |
|
| Records | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author | Fetterman, J.G. | ||||
| Title | Dimensions of stimulus complexity | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes | Abbreviated Journal | J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume | 22 | Issue | 1 | Pages  |
3-18 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; *Learning; Memory; Time Factors | ||||
| Abstract | Animal learning research has increasingly used complex stimuli that approximate natural objects, events, and locations, a trend that has accompanied a resurgence of interest in the role of cognitive factors in learning. Accounts of complex stimulus control have focused mainly on cognitive mechanisms and largely ignored the contribution of stimulus information to perception and memory for complex events. It is argued here that research on animal learning stands to benefit from a more detailed consideration of the stimulus and that James Gibson's stimulus-centered theory of perception serves as a useful framework for analyses of complex stimuli. Several issues in the field of animal learning and cognition are considered from the Gibsonian perspective on stimuli, including the fundamental problem of defining the effective stimulus. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis 46202, USA | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0097-7403 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:8568494 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2782 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Breuer, K.; Hemsworth, P.H.; Coleman, G.J. | ||||
| Title | The effect of positive or negative handling on the behavioural and physiological responses of nonlactating heifers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 84 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
3-22 |
| Keywords | Dairy heifer; Fear; Handling; Stress response; Milk production; Stimulus generalisation | ||||
| Abstract | This experiment investigated the effects of positive and negative tactile handling on the stress physiology and behaviour of dairy heifers. Forty-eight 5-14-month-old nonlactating Holstein-Friesian heifers were allocated to one of two handling treatments, either positive or negative tactile handling, over four time replicates. Handling was imposed twice daily, 2-5 min per session and involved moving animals individually along a 64 m outdoor route. The negatively handled heifers took longer to approach within 1 and 2 m of a stimulus person in a standard test, than their positively handled counterparts (P<0.001) and had a greater flight distance to an approaching stimulus (P<0.001). The time taken by the heifers to approach within 1 and 2 m of a familiar person was similar to that taken to approach within 1 and 2 m of an unfamiliar person in the standard test (P<0.05). There was a tendency for heifers to have a greater flight distance from the approaching unfamiliar person than from the approaching familiar person (P=0.06). The negatively handled heifers had greater (P<0.05) increases in total cortisol concentrations 5, 10 and 15 min after exposure to a human and had higher (P<0.05) free cortisol concentrations in the afternoon than the positively handled heifers. It is concluded that the nature of the human contact affects the subsequent behavioural response of heifers to humans. This behavioural response may extend to other humans through the process of stimulus generalisation, although there was some evidence of moderate discrimination. Negative handling results in an acute stress response in the presence of humans and also leads to a chronic stress response. Further research into the effect of these stress responses on milk production and welfare in fearful cows in a commercial situation is suggested. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4980 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Arnold Gw, G.A. | ||||
| Title | Ethogram of agonistic behaviour for thoroughbred horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Applied Animal Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Animal. Ethol. |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
5-25 |
| Keywords | |||||
| Abstract | Social interactions between individual horses were observed in two herds each comprising a stallion and a number of mares. In one herd, the animals were observed whilst grazing and resting; in the other, nearest neighbours were recorded when the animals were grazing, and social interactions were noted when the animals were feeding on hay. In both herds, the horses showed marked preferences for the company of specific individuals when they were grazing. In one herd, the associations were mainly between individuals that had been associated prior to being put in the herd. In the other herd, this was not the case. A new statistic was produced for testing for specific company preference. In both herds, the stallion was dominant over all mares and never received any aggression. The complete social hierarchy could not be determined for the herd which was observed only when grazing because social contact was restricted to that within groups or pairs that associated together. In the herd to which hay was fed, a non-linear hierarchy existed. Statistics were produced to quantify both the general level of dominance of a horse and its specific dominance or subordination to every other horse. It is suggested that these statistics, and one for quantifying the general aggressiveness of a horse, could be widely used. A principal component analysis allowed the horses to be characterised socially according to aggressiveness, their attitude to other horses and their attractiveness to other horses. |
||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 899 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Cooper, J.J.; Mason, G.J. | ||||
| Title | The identification of abnormal behaviour and behavioural problems in stabled horses and their relationship to horse welfare: a comparative review | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J Suppl |
| Volume | Issue | 27 | Pages |
5-9 | |
| Keywords | *Animal Welfare; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Horses/*psychology; *Housing, Animal/standards; *Stereotyped Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Many behaviours in domestic animals, such as the 'stable vices' of horses, are treated because they are considered undesirable for economic or cultural reasons, and not because the activity affects the horse's quality of life. The impact of a behaviour on the human reporter is not a function of its impact on the animal performer, and an understanding of the causes and effects of the particular activity is necessary to assess the costs and benefits of treatment. Where the behaviour is a sign of poor welfare, such as an inadequate environment, treatment can best be achieved by removing these underlying causal factors. Pharmacological or physical prevention of a behaviour can be justified only if the behaviour causes harm to the performer or to others. In these cases, prevention of the behaviour without addressing its causes is no cure and may result in its perseverance in a modified form or the disruption of the animal's ability to adapt to its environment. Where the behavioural 'problem' causes no harm and is not related to poor housing, then the education of the reporter, rather than treatment of the performer, may be the best solution. | ||||
| Address | Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:10484995 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 1933 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Griffin, D.R.; Speck, G.B. | ||||
| Title | New evidence of animal consciousness | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
5-18 |
| Keywords | Animal Communication; Animals; Awareness; *Behavior, Animal; *Consciousness | ||||
| Abstract | This paper reviews evidence that increases the probability that many animals experience at least simple levels of consciousness. First, the search for neural correlates of consciousness has not found any consciousness-producing structure or process that is limited to human brains. Second, appropriate responses to novel challenges for which the animal has not been prepared by genetic programming or previous experience provide suggestive evidence of animal consciousness because such versatility is most effectively organized by conscious thinking. For example, certain types of classical conditioning require awareness of the learned contingency in human subjects, suggesting comparable awareness in similarly conditioned animals. Other significant examples of versatile behavior suggestive of conscious thinking are scrub jays that exhibit all the objective attributes of episodic memory, evidence that monkeys sometimes know what they know, creative tool-making by crows, and recent interpretation of goal-directed behavior of rats as requiring simple nonreflexive consciousness. Third, animal communication often reports subjective experiences. Apes have demonstrated increased ability to use gestures or keyboard symbols to make requests and answer questions; and parrots have refined their ability to use the imitation of human words to ask for things they want and answer moderately complex questions. New data have demonstrated increased flexibility in the gestural communication of swarming honey bees that leads to vitally important group decisions as to which cavity a swarm should select as its new home. Although no single piece of evidence provides absolute proof of consciousness, this accumulation of strongly suggestive evidence increases significantly the likelihood that some animals experience at least simple conscious thoughts and feelings. The next challenge for cognitive ethologists is to investigate for particular animals the content of their awareness and what life is actually like, for them. | ||||
| Address | Concord Field Station, Harvard University, Old Causeway Road, Bedford, MA 01730, USA | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:14658059 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2549 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Wolf, M.; van Doorn, G.S.; Leimar, O.; Weissing, F.J. | ||||
| Title | Wolf et al. reply | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Nature | |
| Volume | 450 | Issue | 7167 | Pages |
E5-E6 |
| Keywords | |||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Nature Publishing Group | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0028-0836 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | 10.1038/nature06327 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4297 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Blaisdell, A.P.; Cook, R.G. | ||||
| Title | Integration of spatial maps in pigeons | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
7-16 |
| Keywords | Animals; Appetitive Behavior/physiology; Association Learning/*physiology; Columbidae/*physiology; Conditioning, Classical/physiology; *Cues; Problem Solving/*physiology; Space Perception/*physiology; Spatial Behavior/physiology | ||||
| Abstract | The integration of spatial maps in pigeons was investigated using a spatial analog to sensory preconditioning. The pigeons were tested in an open-field arena in which they had to locate hidden food among a 4x4 grid of gravel-filled cups. In phase 1, the pigeons were exposed to a consistent spatial relationship (vector) between landmark L (a red L-shaped block of wood), landmark T (a blue T-shaped block of wood) and the hidden food goal. In phase 2, the pigeons were then exposed to landmark T with a different spatial vector to the hidden food goal. Following phase 2, pigeons were tested with trials on which they were presented with only landmark L to examine the potential integration of the phase 1 and 2 vectors via their shared common elements. When these test trials were preceded by phase 1 and phase 2 reminder trials, pigeons searched for the goal most often at a location consistent with their integration of the L-->T phase 1 and T-->phase 2 goal vectors. This result indicates that integration of spatial vectors acquired during phases 1 and 2 allowed the pigeons to compute a novel L-->goal vector. This suggests that spatial maps may be enlarged by successively integrating additional spatial information through the linkage of common elements. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA. blaisdell@psych.ucla.edu | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15221636 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2521 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Lucidi, P.; Bacco, G.; Sticco, M.; Mazzoleni, G.; Benvenuti, M.; Bernabò, N.; Trentini, R. | ||||
| Title | Assessment of motor laterality in foals and young horses (Equus caballus) through an analysis of derailment at trot | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Physiology & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Physiol. Behav. |
| Volume | 109 | Issue | Pages |
8-13 | |
| Keywords | Horse; Laterality; Longeing; Sidedness | ||||
| Abstract | The conflicting results regarding the study of motor laterality in horses may indicate that there does not exist a proper method to assess the degree and the direction of motor bias in these animals. Unfortunately, even less is known about the development of laterality in horses, and to what extent early manipulations can still exert their effects in adulthood. We propose a new method that can be easily applied at a very early age thus avoiding testing adult horses eventually biased by human handling and/or training. Forty-six horses (29 nine-month-old foals and 17 two-year old horses) were handled since birth bilaterally and housed in groups in wide areas. At the time of the analysis, in order to minimize environmental and sensorial disturbances, each horse was tested in a round pen individually or as dyad mother-foal. The ability/inability to properly execute a circle at trot was then recorded, assuming the direction of derailment, i.e. the cutting of the circle, as an indicator of motor bias. From the results of the study it is arguable that motor laterality in horses is acquired over time: in fact foals tested while their mothers were being subjected to longeing showed a higher percentage of ambidextrous animals, while two-year-old horses appeared biased toward the right (p<0.05). Results are discussed in the light of the scientific knowledge about equine biomechanics, taking into account horses' locomotion that leads to the advancement of the body mass through the activation of a kinetic chain that originates from the hindquarters. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0031-9384 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6666 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Pinchbeck, G.L.; Clegg, P.D.; Proudman, C.J.; Morgan, K.L.; French, N.P. | ||||
| Title | Case-control investigation of the factors affecting the risk of horses falling during steeplechase racing in the UK | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | The Veterinary Record | Abbreviated Journal | Vet. Rec. |
| Volume | 155 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
11-15 |
| Keywords | Accidental Falls/*prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data; Animals; Athletic Injuries/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control/*veterinary; Case-Control Studies; England/epidemiology; Horses/*injuries; Risk Factors; Running/*injuries | ||||
| Abstract | A concurrent case-control study of 12 UK racecourses was made between March 1, 2000, and August 31, 2001, to identify and quantify the factors associated with the risk of horses falling in steeplechase races. Cases were defined as a jumping effort at a steeplechase fence that resulted in a fall and controls were defined as a successful jumping effort over any steeplechase fence at any of the 12 racecourses within 14 days before or after the case fall. Information on the horse, the jockey and the race were collected and all the fences on all the courses were surveyed. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between the predictor variables and the risk of falling. There was one fall per 254 jumping efforts. The risk of a horse falling decreased the more times it had raced on a particular racecourse. The number of fences, the distance from the previous fence and the nature of the previous fence also affected the risk of falling. If the previous fence was a water jump the risk of falling increased; fences that were sited on flat or slight uphill gradients (up to approximately 1 in 25) were associated with a lower risk of horses falling than downhill fences, and higher takeoff boards were associated with a higher risk of falling. | ||||
| Address | Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston CH64 7TE | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0042-4900 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15264483 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3773 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Dong, D.; Jones, G.; Zhang, S. | ||||
| Title | Dynamic evolution of bitter taste receptor genes in vertebrates | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | BMC Evolutionary Biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
12 |
| Keywords | |||||
| Abstract | Sensing bitter tastes is crucial for many animals because it can prevent them from ingesting harmful foods. This process is mainly mediated by the bitter taste receptors (T2R), which are largely expressed in the taste buds. Previous studies have identified some T2R gene repertoires, and marked variation in repertoire size has been noted among species. However, the mechanisms underlying the evolution of vertebrate T2R genes remain poorly understood. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1471-2148 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Dong2009 | Serial | 6637 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||