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	Author	McDonnell S,
	Title	Reproductive behavior of the stallion Vet Clin North Am			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Equine Practice
	Volume	2	Issue		Pages	535-555
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1377
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	Author	Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Houpt, K.A.
	Title	Maternal behavior			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice	Abbreviated Journal	Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract
	Volume	2	Issue	3	Pages	557-571
	Keywords	Aggression; Animals; Animals, Wild; Female; Horses; Lactation; Maternal Behavior; Pregnancy; *Pregnancy, Animal; Rejection (Psychology)
	Abstract	Parturition in mares is rapid and is followed by a brief period of sensitivity to imprinting on a foal. There is large individual variation in normal maternal style, but normal mothers actively defend their foal, remain near the foal when it is sleeping, tolerate or assist nursing, and do not injure their own foal. Disturbance of a mare and foal during the early imprinting period can predispose a mare to rejection of her foal; therefore, it should be avoided. There are a variety of forms of foal rejection and numerous etiologies. Therefore, each case should be evaluated individually.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0749-0739	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:3492245			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	49
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	Author	Houpt, K.A.
	Title	Stable vices and trailer problems			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice	Abbreviated Journal	Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract
	Volume	2	Issue	3	Pages	623-633
	Keywords	Aerophagy/veterinary; Aggression; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Behavior, Animal; Fear; Frustration; Habits; *Horses; Locomotion; Mastication; Social Environment; Transportation
	Abstract	Stable vices include oral vices such as cribbing, wood chewing, and coprophagia, as well as stall walking, weaving, pawing, and stall kicking. Some of these behaviors are escape behaviors; others are forms of self-stimulation. Most can be eliminated by pasturing rather than stall confinement. Trailering problems include failure to load, scrambling in the moving trailer, struggling in the stationary trailer, and refusal to unload. Gradual habituation to entering the trailer, the presence of another horse, or a change in trailer type can be used to treat these problems.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0749-0739	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:3492249			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	48
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	Author	Beaver, B.V.
	Title	Aggressive behavior problems			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice	Abbreviated Journal	Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract
	Volume	2	Issue	3	Pages	635-644
	Keywords	Affect; Aggression/psychology; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dominance-Subordination; Fear; *Horses; Play and Playthings; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Environment
	Abstract	Accurate diagnosis of the cause of aggression in horses is essential to determining the appropriate course of action. The affective forms of aggression include fear-induced, pain-induced, intermale, dominance, protective, maternal, learned, and redirected aggressions. Non-affective aggression includes play and sex-related forms. Irritable aggression and hypertestosteronism in mares are medical problems, whereas genetic factors, brain dysfunction, and self-mutilation are also concerns.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0749-0739	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:3492250			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	674
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	Author	Boyd, L.
	Title	Behavior problems of equids in zoos			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice	Abbreviated Journal	Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract
	Volume	2	Issue	3	Pages	653-664
	Keywords	Aerophagy/veterinary; Aggression/psychology; Animals; Animals, Zoo; Behavior, Animal; Coprophagia/psychology; Female; Horses; Impotence/veterinary; Male; Mastication; Motor Activity; Perissodactyla; Pregnancy; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Environment
	Abstract	Behavior problems in zoo equids commonly result from a failure to provide for needs basic to equine nature. Equids are gregarious, and failure to provide companions may result in pacing. Wild equids spend 60 to 70 per cent of their time grazing, and failure to provide ad libitum roughage contributes to the problems of pacing, cribbing, wood chewing, and coprophagia. Mimicking the normal processes of juvenile dispersal, bachelor-herd formation, and mate acquisition reduces the likelihood of agonistic and reproductive behavior problems. Infanticide can be avoided by introducing new stallions to herds containing only nonpregnant mares and older foals.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0749-0739	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:3492252			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	660
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	Author	Gittleman, J.L.
	Title	Carnivore Life History Patterns: Allometric, Phylogenetic, and Ecological Associations			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	The American Naturalist	Abbreviated Journal	Am Nat
	Volume	127	Issue	6	Pages	744-771
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	The University of Chicago Press for The American Society of Naturalists	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-0147	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5453
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	Author	Giraldeau, L.-A.; Lefebvre, L.
	Title	Exchangeable producer and scrounger roles in a captive flock of feral pigeons: a case for the skill pool effect			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	Animal Behaviour	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Behav.
	Volume	34	Issue	3	Pages	797-803
	Keywords
	Abstract	We investigated the foraging producer-scrounger system of a captive flock of feral pigeons (Columba livia) by monitoring the number of food patches each individual produced. In one experiment, three different patch types were tested on the whole flock while, in a second, flock composition was varied for one patch type. In all cases we found non-uniform distributions of the number of patches produced per individual, which suggests the existence of producer and scrounger roles. This result could not be explained by either dominance or variability in individual learning ability. Individuals switched roles in response to changes both in food patch type and flock composition. These results are discussed in light of the skill pool hypothesis, which suggests that, in a group, different foraging specialists will profit by parasitizing each other's food discoveries.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-3472	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6012
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	Author	Crowell-Davis, S.L.
	Title	Spatial relations between mares and foals of the Welsh pony (Equus caballus)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	Animal Behaviour	Abbreviated Journal	Anim Beh
	Volume	34	Issue	4	Pages	1007-1015
	Keywords
	Abstract	Welsh pony mares and foals (Equus caballus) were usually found to be within 1 or 5 m of each other during the first week of the foal's life and gradually spent more time at greater distances as the foals became older. There was an overall levelling of the trend during the 9th-15th weeks of life of the foal, followed by a second period of change during weeks 16-24. Through weeks 21-24, mares and foals spent at least half of their time within 5 m of each other. Proximity was primarily due to foal activity except during foal recumbency. During the first 8 weeks of the foal's life, a mare remained close by when it was recumbent, either by grazing in a circle around it or by standing upright beside it. Mares and foals were most likely to be close together when they were resting upright with the other ponies in the herd and most likely to be far apart when the foal was playing. Similarities in patterns of spatial relationship between the foals of a given mare were demonstrated. There was no difference between colts and filies in the development of independence.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-3472	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6505
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	Author	Craig, J.V.
	Title	Measuring social behavior: social dominance			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	Journal of animal science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	62	Issue	4	Pages	1120-1129
	Keywords	Aggression; Agonistic Behavior; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Chickens; Competitive Behavior; Female; Horses; Male; Social Dominance; Swine
	Abstract	Social dominance develops more slowly when young animals are kept in intact peer groups where they need not compete for resources. Learned generalizations may cause smaller and weaker animals to accept subordinate status readily when confronted with strangers that would be formidable opponents. Sexual hormones and sensitivity to them can influence the onset of aggression and status attained. After dominance orders are established, they tend to be stable in female groups but are less so in male groups. Psychological influences can affect dominance relationships when strangers meet and social alliances within groups may affect relative status of individuals. Whether status associated with agonistic behavior is correlated with control of space and scarce resources needs to be determined for each species and each kind of resource. When such correlations exists, competitive tests and agonistic behavior associated with gaining access to scarce resources can be useful to the observer in learning about dominance relationships rapidly. Examples are given to illustrate how estimates of social dominance can be readily attained and some strengths and weaknesses of the various methods.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-8812	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:3519554			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	676
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	Author	Thouless, C.R.; Guinness, F.E.
	Title	Conflict between red deer hinds: the winner always wins			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	Animal Behaviour.	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Behav.
	Volume	34	Issue	4	Pages	1166-1171
	Keywords
	Abstract	Dominance relations between free-living, female red deer (hinds) (Cervus elaphus L.) on the Isle of Rhum, Scotland, were investigated. Most interactions were won by the older hind of the pair and this was the case even when both individuals had reached full body size. The younger hind was more likely to be the winner if the conflict was escalated or if the two hinds were strangers, in which case escalation was more frequent than usual. When outside their normal home range, older hinds were much more likely to lose, and younger ones more likely to win, than usual. These results can be best explained by the hinds using previous experience as a cue for conventional resolution of conflict, with the result that dominance relationships established early in life are perpetuated. No such cue is available if the hinds have not previously met.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	868
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