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Author |
Anderson, J.R.; Fornasieri, I.; Ludes, E.; Roeder, J.-J. |
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Title |
Social processes and innovative behaviour in changing groups of lemur fulvus |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages  |
101-112 |
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Keywords |
Social learning; Lemur fulvus; Dominance; Individual differences |
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Abstract |
A group of brown lemurs was presented with one or two baited food-boxes requiring a specific type of motor response in order to be opened. Subsequently, four groups containing different combinations of experienced individuals from the original group and naive individuals were tested. Solutions to the problem and access to the food were recorded and considered in relation to social factors. In the original group, two adult males learned to open the boxes, with one male increasingly preventing the other from approaching. In the second group, with the subordinate male and certain females removed, the dominant male tolerated successful performances by a juvenile female. Group 3 consisted of three passive female participants from the original group and a naive female; one of the three original females now became the sole box-opener. The introduction of the subordinate male from the original group into the all-female group led to a sharing of box-opening by this subject and the skilled female. In the final group, intense aggression toward the skilled female by a new, naive adult male resulted in two previously passive females succeeding on some occasions. In lemurs, at least some `scroungers' appear able to learn to perform a new act when the social context permits. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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576 |
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Author |
Smith-Funk, E.D.; Crowell-Davis, S.L. |
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Title |
Maternal behavior of draft mares (Equus caballus) with mule foals (Equus asinus x Equus caballus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
2-3 |
Pages |
93-119 |
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Draft mares and their mule foals were observed from the day of birth to Week 17 of each foal's life. The rate of nursing was recorded and the duration of nursing activity to the nearest second. The rate at which foals engaged in nursing activity varied at each age. The duration of nursing bouts varied slightly as the foals matured. Aggression was recorded during both nursing and non-nursing activity for both the mares and foals. Maternal aggression was highest during nursing activity, especially during the pre-nurse nuzzling period. Maternal aggression increased as the foals matured. Mother-directed foal aggression was primarily in response to maternal aggression. Spatial relationships between each focal dyad were recorded when the foals were upright, not nursing and when they were recumbent. Spatial relationships differed based on the foal's state. The activity in which the mare engaged while her foal was recumbent was recorded. The movements of the mares were also recorded during foal recumbency. Mares approached or maintained their distance from their recumbent foal more than they left their recumbent foal in all weeks of the study, except Week 2. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2272 |
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Author |
Ehardt, C.L.; Bernstein, I.S. |
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Title |
Conflict intervention behaviour by adult male macaques: structural and functional aspects |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Coalitions and Alliances in Humans and Other Animals |
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83-111 |
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Oxford University Press |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
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Harcourt, A.H.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4926 |
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Author |
Schmidt, D. |
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Title |
Information Resources in Animal Behavior |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Science & Technology Libraries |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
69-83 |
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Abstract |
The study of animal behavior has been around for many years, but it is divided into several fields which often do not communicate well. These fields of study include (but are not limited to) comparative psychology, ethology, behavioral ecology, and sociobiology. Comparative psychology is more isolated than the other three fields, which share a common biological/evolutionary background. This paper gives a brief background of the four main fields of animal behavior research, along with a list of sources, both specialized and interdisciplinary. |
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Routledge |
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0194-262x |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4725 |
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Author |
Kraus-Hansen, A.E.; Fackelman, G.E.; Becker, C.; Williams, R.M.; Pipers, F.S. |
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Title |
Preliminary studies on the vascular anatomy of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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24 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
46-51 |
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Keywords |
Angiography/veterinary; Animals; Exercise Test/veterinary; Forelimb; Horses/*anatomy & histology/surgery; Microcirculation; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Tendons/*blood supply/surgery/ultrastructure |
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The vascular and microvascular anatomy of normal equine superficial digital flexor tendons was studied by dissection of vinyl-perfused specimens and by microangiography on high detail film. The presence of an extensive intratendinous vascular latticework was confirmed, and a 'nutrient artery' described closely associated with the accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor tendon (proximal check ligament). Circumferential stripping of the paratenon from the tendon to eliminate afferent vessels was performed bilaterally in three horses and unilaterally in a fourth, followed by a treadmill training regimen. No resulting intratendinous lesions could be documented on gross post mortem and histological examination at three, 10, or 35 days post operatively. There was mild paratendinous proliferation in all instances. In one horse, four intratendinous ligatures were placed within the medial and lateral borders of the contralateral tendon to isolate further from its blood supply a 10 cm segment. Gross lesions at 35 days post operatively included a marked paratendinous response involving the entire 10 cm segment, and a darkened, soft focus within the core of the tendon. Histopathology and electron microscopy demonstrated focal degeneration. It was concluded that the blood supply of the normal equine superficial digital flexor tendon is primarily intratendinous, rather than paratendinous as previously thought. The lesions in one horse similar to those in naturally occurring tendinitis supported a vascular aetiology of the disease, and set the groundwork for studies aimed at the development of a clinically relevant tendinitis model. |
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Department of Surgery, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536 |
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English |
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0425-1644 |
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Notes |
PMID:1555540 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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151 |
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Author |
Hertsch, B. |
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Title |
[The appearance of stress on the movement apparatus in dressage, jumping and versatility horses] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
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99 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
36-39 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Bone Diseases/etiology/*veterinary; Horse Diseases/*etiology; Horses/*injuries; Joint Diseases/etiology/*veterinary; *Sports; Stress, Mechanical; Tendon Injuries/etiology/veterinary |
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Jumping and military (three days events) horses are exposed, during sports activities, to a particularly high stress especially in the region of the extremities (limbs). The genesis of tendon, joint and bone diseases are traced in accordance to the centers of the load during movement sequence. A special statistics on injuries concerning the German competition horses does not exist yet. Out of the available statistics about the German competition horses it is not obvious that as a result of its use as sports horses a particular high loss occur among these horses. |
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Klinik fur Pferde, Tierarztlichen Hoschschule Hannover |
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German |
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Belastungserscheinungen am Bewegungsapparat bei Dressur-, Spring- und Vielseitigkeitspferden |
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0341-6593 |
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PMID:1555516 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3755 |
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Author |
Gutierrez Rincon, J.A.; Vives Turco, J.; Muro Martinez, I.; Casas Vaque, I. |
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Title |
A comparative study of the metabolic effort expended by horse riders during a jumping competition |
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Journal Article |
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1992 |
Publication |
British Journal of Sports Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
Br J Sports Med |
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26 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
33-35 |
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Keywords |
Adult; Animals; Energy Metabolism/*physiology; *Exertion; Heart Rate/physiology; Horses; Humans; Lactates/blood; *Sports |
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Abstract |
The three main Olympic horse riding disciplines are dressage, jumping, and three-day eventing (including dressage, cross country and jumping). In the jumping discipline (obstacle race), the 'team' (horse rider) is judged under the different conditions that might take place in a varied run. The horse is expected to show power and ability; the rider must show riding skill and good physical condition. However, the different conditions encountered by the rider during competition (duration of event, continuous isometric working level, especially in the inferior trunk, lead us to consider the need for a rider to develop different metabolic pathways to meet the high energy requirements of the competition. |
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Centre de Medicina de l'Esport de Barcelona, Spain |
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0306-3674 |
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PMID:1600451 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3754 |
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Author |
Elzenga, J. W, |
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Title |
Why zebras are striped |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Swara |
Abbreviated Journal |
Swara |
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15 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
28-30 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
yes |
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1068 |
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Author |
Duncan P, |
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Title |
Zebras, asses, and horses |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1992 |
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Kelvyn Press USA |
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Provides summaries of the conservation status, biology, and ecology of wild zebras, asses, and horses. The Action Plan presents chapters on taxonomy, genetics, reproductive biology, population dynamics, management, disease and epidemiology, and the importance of developing an assessment methodology that considers the role of equids in ecosystems. |
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Kelvyn Press |
Place of Publication |
Broadview, Illinois |
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978-2831700564 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List JA - |
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yes |
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1032 |
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Author |
Winkler A, |
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Title |
The feeding ecology of the Cape Mountain zebra in the Mountain Zebra National Park |
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Manuscript |
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1992 |
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Doctoral thesis |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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1713 |
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