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| Author | Pepperberg, I.M. | ||||
| Title | In search of king Solomon's ring: cognitive and communicative studies of Grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Brain, behavior and evolution | Abbreviated Journal | Brain Behav Evol |
| Volume | 59 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages  |
54-67 |
| Keywords | *Animal Communication; Animals; Attention/physiology; Cognition/*physiology; Cues; Form Perception/physiology; Humans; Intelligence; Learning/physiology; Male; Models, Psychological; Parrots/*physiology; Psychomotor Performance/physiology; Reward; Social Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | During the past 24 years, I have used a modeling technique (M/R procedure) to train Grey parrots to use an allospecific code (English speech) referentially; I then use the code to test their cognitive abilities. The oldest bird, Alex, labels more than 50 different objects, 7 colors, 5 shapes, quantities to 6, 3 categories (color, shape, material) and uses 'no', 'come here', wanna go X' and 'want Y' (X and Y are appropriate location or item labels). He combines labels to identify, request, comment upon or refuse more than 100 items and to alter his environment. He processes queries to judge category, relative size, quantity, presence or absence of similarity/difference in attributes, and show label comprehension. He semantically separates labeling from requesting. He thus exhibits capacities once presumed limited to humans or nonhuman primates. Studies on this and other Greys show that parrots given training that lacks some aspect of input present in M/R protocols (reference, functionality, social interaction) fail to acquire referential English speech. Examining how input affects the extent to which parrots acquire an allospecific code may elucidate mechanisms of other forms of exceptional learning: learning unlikely in the normal course of development but that can occur under certain conditions. | ||||
| Address | The MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Mass. 02139, USA. impepper@media.mit.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0006-8977 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12097860 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 579 | ||
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| Author | Houston, A.I.; McNamara, J.M. | ||||
| Title | Fighting for food: a dynamic version of the Hawk-Dove game | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1988 | Publication | Evolutionary Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Evol. Ecol. |
| Volume | 2 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
51-64 |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 750 | ||
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| Author | Rands, S.A.; Cowlishaw, G.; Pettifor, R.A.; Rowcliffe, J.M.; Johnstone, R.A. | ||||
| Title | The emergence of leaders and followers in foraging pairs when the qualities of individuals differ | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | BMC Evolutionary Biology | Abbreviated Journal | BMC Evol Biol |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | Pages |
51 | |
| Keywords | Animals; *Feeding Behavior; *Food Chain; *Models, Biological; *Social Dominance | ||||
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: Foraging in groups offers animals a number of advantages, such as increasing their likelihood of finding food or detecting and avoiding predators. In order for a group to remain together, there has to be some degree of coordination of behaviour and movement between its members (which may in some cases be initiated by a decision-making leader, and in other cases may emerge as an underlying property of the group). For example, behavioural synchronisation is a phenomenon where animals within a group initiate and then continue to conduct identical behaviours, and has been characterised for a wide range of species. We examine how a pair of animals should behave using a state-dependent approach, and ask what conditions are likely to lead to behavioural synchronisation occurring, and whether one of the individuals is more likely to act as a leader. RESULTS: The model we describe considers how the energetic gain, metabolic requirements and predation risks faced by the individuals affect measures of their energetic state and behaviour (such as the degree of behavioural synchronisation seen within the pair, and the value to an individual of knowing the energetic state of its colleague). We explore how predictable changes in these measures are in response to changes in physiological requirements and predation risk. We also consider how these measures should change when the members of the pair are not identical in their metabolic requirements or their susceptibility to predation. We find that many of the changes seen in these measures are complex, especially when asymmetries exist between the members of the pair. CONCLUSION: Analyses are presented that demonstrate that, although these general patterns are robust, care needs to be taken when considering the effects of individual differences, as the relationship between individual differences and the resulting qualitative changes in behaviour may be complex. We discuss how these results are related to experimental observations, and how the model and its predictions could be extended. | ||||
| Address | Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. sean.rands@bristol.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1471-2148 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:18282297 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5126 | ||
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| Author | Parrish, J. K.; Viscido, S. V. | ||||
| Title | Traffic rules of fish schools: A review of agent-based approaches. | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Self-organisation and the evolution of social behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages |
50-80 | ||
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| Publisher | Cambridge University Press | Place of Publication | Cambridge | Editor | C. K. Hemelrijk |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5419 | ||
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| Author | Karenina, K.; Giljov, A.; Ingram, J.; Rowntree, V.J.; Malashichev, Y. | ||||
| Title | Lateralization of mother�infant interactions in a diverse range of mammal species | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Nature Ecology & Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | Nat Ecol Evol |
| Volume | 1 | Issue | Pages |
0030 Ep - | |
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| Abstract | Left-cradling bias is a distinctive feature of maternal behaviour in humans and great apes, but its evolutionary origin remains unknown. In 11 species of marine and terrestrial mammal, we demonstrate consistent patterns of lateralization in mother�infant interactions, indicating right hemisphere dominance for social processing. In providing clear evidence that lateralized positioning is beneficial in mother�infant interactions, our results illustrate a significant impact of lateralization on individual fitness. | ||||
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| Publisher | Nature Publishing Group SN - | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6040 | ||
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| Author | Healy,S.; Braithwaite, V | ||||
| Title | Cognitive ecology: a field of substance? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Trends in Ecology & Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | Trends. Ecol. Evol |
| Volume | 15 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
22-26 |
| Keywords | Cognitive ecology; Neuroethology; Cognition; Ecology; Evolution; Orientation mechanisms | ||||
| Abstract | In 1993, Les Real invented the label 'cognitive ecology'. This label was intended for work that brought cognitive science and behavioural ecology together. Real's article stressed the importance of such an approach to the understanding of behaviour. At the end of a decade in which more interdisciplinary work on behaviour has been seen than for many years, it is time to assess whether cognitive ecology is a label describing an active field. | ||||
| Address | Division of Biological Sciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, UK EH9 3JT | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0169-5347 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:10603501 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 837 | ||
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| Author | Marino, L. | ||||
| Title | Convergence of complex cognitive abilities in cetaceans and primates | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Brain, Behavior and Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | Brain Behav Evol |
| Volume | 59 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages |
21-32 |
| Keywords | Animal Communication; Animals; Brain/physiology; Cerebral Cortex/physiology; Cetacea/*physiology; Cognition/*physiology; *Evolution; Humans; Intelligence; Primates/*physiology | ||||
| Abstract | What examples of convergence in higher-level complex cognitive characteristics exist in the animal kingdom? In this paper I will provide evidence that convergent intelligence has occurred in two distantly related mammalian taxa. One of these is the order Cetacea (dolphins, whales and porpoises) and the other is our own order Primates, and in particular the suborder anthropoid primates (monkeys, apes, and humans). Despite a deep evolutionary divergence, adaptation to physically dissimilar environments, and very different neuroanatomical organization, some primates and cetaceans show striking convergence in social behavior, artificial 'language' comprehension, and self-recognition ability. Taken together, these findings have important implications for understanding the generality and specificity of those processes that underlie cognition in different species and the nature of the evolution of intelligence. | ||||
| Address | Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. 30322, USA. lmarino@emory.edu | ||||
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| ISSN | 0006-8977 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12097858 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4158 | ||
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| Author | Dong, D.; Jones, G.; Zhang, S. | ||||
| Title | Dynamic evolution of bitter taste receptor genes in vertebrates | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | BMC Evolutionary Biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
12 |
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| Abstract | Sensing bitter tastes is crucial for many animals because it can prevent them from ingesting harmful foods. This process is mainly mediated by the bitter taste receptors (T2R), which are largely expressed in the taste buds. Previous studies have identified some T2R gene repertoires, and marked variation in repertoire size has been noted among species. However, the mechanisms underlying the evolution of vertebrate T2R genes remain poorly understood. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1471-2148 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Dong2009 | Serial | 6637 | ||
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| Author | Cozzi, B.; Povinelli, M.; Ballarin, C.; Granato, A. | ||||
| Title | The Brain of the Horse: Weight and Cephalization Quotients | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Brain, Behavior and Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | Brain Behav Evol |
| Volume | 83 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
9-16 |
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| Abstract | The horse is a common domestic animal whose anatomy has been studied since the XVI century. However, a modern neuroanatomy of this species does not exist and most of the data utilized in textbooks and reviews derive from single specimens or relatively old literature. Here, we report information on the brain of Equus caballus obtained by sampling 131 horses, including brain weight (as a whole and subdivided into its constituents), encephalization quotient (EQ), and cerebellar quotient (CQ), and comparisons with what is known about other relevant species. The mean weight of the fresh brains in our experimental series was 598.63 g (SEM ± 7.65), with a mean body weight of 514.12 kg (SEM ± 15.42). The EQ was 0.78 and the CQ was 0.841. The data we obtained indicate that the horse possesses a large, convoluted brain, with a weight similar to that of other hoofed species of like mass. However, the shape of the brain, the noteworthy folding of the neocortex, and the peculiar longitudinal distribution of the gyri suggest an evolutionary specificity at least partially separate from that of the Cetartiodactyla (even-toed mammals and cetaceans) with whom Perissodactyla (odd-toed mammals) are often grouped. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0006-8977 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6592 | ||
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| Author | Beck, B.B. | ||||
| Title | Chimpocentrism: Bias in cognitive ethology | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Journal of Human Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 11 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
3-17 |
| Keywords | herring gull; chimpanzee; cognition; tool-use; shell-dropping; mollusk; predation | ||||
| Abstract | Herring gulls drop hard-shelled mollusks and hermit crab-inhabited molluskan prey in order to break the shells and gain access to the edible interior. A field study of predatory shell dropping on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A. showed that the gulls usually drop the same shell repeatedly, orient directly to dropping sites that are invisible from the point at which the mollusks are captured, drop preferentially on hard surfaces, adjust dropping heights to suit the area and elasticity of the substrate, orient directly into the wind while dropping, sever the large defensive cheliped of hermit crabs before consumption, and rinse prey that is difficult to swallow. Proficiency in prey dropping is acquired through dropping objects in play, trial-and-error learning, and perhaps, observation learning. Observable attributes of predatory shell-dropping support inferences that the gulls are capable of extended concentration, purposefulness, mental representation of spatially and temporally displaced environmental features, cognitive mapping, cognitive modeling, selectivity, and strategy formation. Identical cognitive processes have been inferred to underlie the most sophisticated forms of chimpanzee tool-use. Advanced cognitive capacities are not restricted to chimpanzees and other pongids, and are not associated uniquely with tool use. The chimpocentric bias should be abandoned, and reconstructions of the evolution of intelligence should be modified accordingly. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4414 | ||
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