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| Author | Panksepp, J. | ||||
| Title | Affective consciousness: Core emotional feelings in animals and humans | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Consciousness and Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Conscious Cogn |
| Volume | 14 | Issue | 1 | Pages  |
30-80 |
| Keywords | Affect/*physiology; Animals; Bonding, Human-Pet; Brain/*physiology; Consciousness/*physiology; Fear; Humans; Limbic System/physiology; Social Behavior; Species Specificity; Unconscious (Psychology) | ||||
| Abstract | The position advanced in this paper is that the bedrock of emotional feelings is contained within the evolved emotional action apparatus of mammalian brains. This dual-aspect monism approach to brain-mind functions, which asserts that emotional feelings may reflect the neurodynamics of brain systems that generate instinctual emotional behaviors, saves us from various conceptual conundrums. In coarse form, primary process affective consciousness seems to be fundamentally an unconditional “gift of nature” rather than an acquired skill, even though those systems facilitate skill acquisition via various felt reinforcements. Affective consciousness, being a comparatively intrinsic function of the brain, shared homologously by all mammalian species, should be the easiest variant of consciousness to study in animals. This is not to deny that some secondary processes (e.g., awareness of feelings in the generation of behavioral choices) cannot be evaluated in animals with sufficiently clever behavioral learning procedures, as with place-preference procedures and the analysis of changes in learned behaviors after one has induced re-valuation of incentives. Rather, the claim is that a direct neuroscientific study of primary process emotional/affective states is best achieved through the study of the intrinsic (“instinctual”), albeit experientially refined, emotional action tendencies of other animals. In this view, core emotional feelings may reflect the neurodynamic attractor landscapes of a variety of extended trans-diencephalic, limbic emotional action systems-including SEEKING, FEAR, RAGE, LUST, CARE, PANIC, and PLAY. Through a study of these brain systems, the neural infrastructure of human and animal affective consciousness may be revealed. Emotional feelings are instantiated in large-scale neurodynamics that can be most effectively monitored via the ethological analysis of emotional action tendencies and the accompanying brain neurochemical/electrical changes. The intrinsic coherence of such emotional responses is demonstrated by the fact that they can be provoked by electrical and chemical stimulation of specific brain zones-effects that are affectively laden. For substantive progress in this emerging research arena, animal brain researchers need to discuss affective brain functions more openly. Secondary awareness processes, because of their more conditional, contextually situated nature, are more difficult to understand in any neuroscientific detail. In other words, the information-processing brain functions, critical for cognitive consciousness, are harder to study in other animals than the more homologous emotional/motivational affective state functions of the brain. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA. jpankse@bgnet.bgsu.ed | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1053-8100 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15766890 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4159 | ||
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| Author | Nielsen, M.; Collier-Baker, E.; Davis, J.M.; Suddendorf, T. | ||||
| Title | Imitation recognition in a captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
31-36 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Awareness; Humans; *Imitative Behavior; Male; Motor Activity; *Movement; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; *Recognition (Psychology) | ||||
| Abstract | This study investigated the ability of a captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) to recognise when he is being imitated. In the experimental condition of test 1a, an experimenter imitated the postures and behaviours of the chimpanzee as they were being displayed. In three control conditions the same experimenter exhibited (1) actions that were contingent on, but different from, the actions of the chimpanzee, (2) actions that were not contingent on, and different from, the actions of the chimpanzee, or (3) no action at all. The chimpanzee showed more “testing” sequences (i.e., systematically varying his actions while oriented to the imitating experimenter) and more repetitive behaviour when he was being imitated, than when he was not. This finding was replicated 4 months later in test 1b. When the experimenter repeated the same actions she displayed in the experimental condition of test 1a back to the chimpanzee in test 2, these actions now did not elicit those same testing sequences or repetitive behaviours. However, a live imitation condition did. Together these results provide the first evidence of imitation recognition in a nonhuman animal. | ||||
| Address | Early Cognitive Development Unit, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, QLD, Brisbane, 4072, Australia. nielsen@psy.uq.edu.au | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15322942 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2515 | ||
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| Author | Hausberger, M.; Richard-Yris, M.-A. | ||||
| Title | Individual differences in the domestic horse, origins, development and stability | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | The domestic horse : the origins, development, and management of its behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages |
33-52 | ||
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| Publisher | Cambridge University Press 2005 | Place of Publication | Cambridge | Editor | Mills, D.S.; McDonnell, |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 13 978-0-521-81414-6 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Feh2005 | Serial | 4819 | ||
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| Author | Osthaus, B.; Lea, S.E.G.; Slater, A.M. | ||||
| Title | Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) fail to show understanding of means-end connections in a string-pulling task | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
37-47 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Association Learning; *Cognition; Dogs/*psychology; *Problem Solving | ||||
| Abstract | Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) were tested in four experiments for their understanding of means-end connections. In each of the experiments, the dogs attempted to retrieve a food treat that could be seen behind a barrier and which was connected, via string, to a within-reach wooden block. In the experiments, either one or two strings were present, but the treat was attached only to one string. Successful retrieval of the treat required the animals to pull the appropriate string (either by pawing or by grasping the wooden block in their jaws) until the treat emerged from under the barrier. The results showed that the dogs were successful if the treat was in a perpendicular line to the barrier, i.e. straight ahead, but not when the string was at an angle: in the latter condition, the typical response was a proximity error in that the dogs pawed or mouthed at a location closest in line to the treat. When two strings that crossed were present, the dogs tended to pull on the wrong string. The combined results from the experiments show that, although dogs can learn to pull on a string to obtain food, they do not spontaneously understand means-end connections involving strings. | ||||
| Address | School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK. b.osthaus@exeter.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15338446 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2513 | ||
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| Author | Krama, T. [1]; Krams, I. [2] | ||||
| Title | Cost of mobbing call to breeding pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Behavioral Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Ecol. |
| Volume | 16 | Issue | Pages |
37-40 | |
| Keywords | ntipredator behavior, Ficedula hypoleuca, mobbing calls, mobbing costs, pied flycatcher. | ||||
| Abstract | Mobbing signals advertise the location of a stalking predator to all prey in an area and recruit them into the inspection aggregation. Such behavior usually causes the predator to move to another area. However, mobbing calls could be eavesdropped by other predators. Because the predation cost of mobbing calls is poorly known, we investigated whether the vocalizations of the mobbing pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca, a small hole nesting passerine, increase the risk of nest predation. We used mobbing calls of pied flycatchers to examine if they could lure predators such as the marten, Martes martes. This predator usually hunts by night and may locate its mobbing prey while resting nearby during the day. Within each of 56 experimental plots, from the top of one nest-box we played back mobbing sounds of pied flycatchers, whereas blank tapes were played from the top of another nest-box. The trials with mobbing calls were carried out before sunset. We put pieces of recently abandoned nests of pied flycatchers and a quail, Coturnix coturnix, egg into each of the nest-boxes. Nest-boxes with playbacks of mobbing calls were depredated by martens significantly more than were nest-boxes with blank tapes. The results of the present study indicate that repeated conspicuous mobbing calls may carry a significant cost for birds during the breeding season. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4092 | ||
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| Author | Borsari, A.; Ottoni, E.B. | ||||
| Title | Preliminary observations of tool use in captive hyacinth macaws (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 1 | Pages |
48-52 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Animals; *Feeding Behavior; Female; *Intelligence; Male; *Motor Skills; *Nuts; *Parrots | ||||
| Abstract | Many animals use tools (detached objects applied to another object to produce an alteration in shape, position, or structure) in foraging, for instance, to access encapsulated food. Descriptions of tool use by hyacinth macaws (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) are scarce and brief. In order to describe one case of such behavior, six captive birds were observed while feeding. Differences in nut manipulation and opening proficiency between adults and juveniles were recorded. The tools may be serving as a wedge, preventing the nut from slipping and/or rotating, reducing the impact of opening, or providing mechanical aid in its positioning and/or use of force. Data suggest that birds of this species have an innate tendency to use objects (tools) as aids during nut manipulation and opening. | ||||
| Address | Laboratory of Cognitive Ethology, Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. borsari@hotmail.com | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15248094 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2518 | ||
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| Author | Huebener, E. | ||||
| Title | Das Sitzrätsel lösen (Arbeitstitel: So kann der Reiter wirklich “sitzen”!); | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Mecklenburger Pferde Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Mecl. Pf.erde J. |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | Pages |
50-51 | |
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| Abstract | Zusammenfassung Die Bewegungen des Pferderückens und des Pferderumpfes sind aus den Fußfolgen der Grundgangarten ableitbar. Damit gewinnt Sitzschulung ein solides Fundament. Die entscheidenden Merkmale dieser Bewegungen sind hier erläutert. Einige überwiegend altbekannte Grundlagen der Sitzschulung werden bewertet. Was sich aus neueren Erkenntnissen zu den Bewegungen des Pferderückens und des Pferderumpfes für den Sitz des Reiters ergibt, ist in drei Punkten leichtverständlich erklärt. Prinzipdarstellungen unterstützten dies. |
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| Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | yes | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 422 | ||
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| Author | Parrish, J. K.; Viscido, S. V. | ||||
| Title | Traffic rules of fish schools: A review of agent-based approaches. | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Self-organisation and the evolution of social behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages |
50-80 | ||
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| Publisher | Cambridge University Press | Place of Publication | Cambridge | Editor | C. K. Hemelrijk |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5419 | ||
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| Author | Whiten, A. | ||||
| Title | The second inheritance system of chimpanzees and humans | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 437 | Issue | 7055 | Pages |
52-55 |
| Keywords | Animals; Animals, Wild/physiology/psychology; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Culture; Female; Humans; Imitative Behavior; Learning/*physiology; Pan troglodytes/*physiology/psychology; *Social Behavior; Technology | ||||
| Abstract | Half a century of dedicated field research has brought us from ignorance of our closest relatives to the discovery that chimpanzee communities resemble human cultures in possessing suites of local traditions that uniquely identify them. The collaborative effort required to establish this picture parallels the one set up to sequence the chimpanzee genome, and has revealed a complex social inheritance system that complements the genetic picture we are now developing. | ||||
| Address | Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, and Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, UK. a.whiten@st-and.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1476-4687 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16136127 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 730 | ||
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| Author | Christensen, J.W.; Keeling, L.J.; Nielsen, B.L. | ||||
| Title | Responses of horses to novel visual, olfactory and auditory stimuli | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 93 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages |
53-65 |
| Keywords | Horses; Novelty responses; Fear; Behaviour; Heart rate | ||||
| Abstract | Responses of horses towards fear-eliciting stimuli can have important consequences for both human and horse safety. This experiment was designed to investigate behavioural and heart rate (HR) responses of horses to novel visual, auditory and olfactory stimuli. Twenty-four 2-year-old, previously unhandled, stallions were habituated to receive a food reward from a container in a test arena. Each horse was exposed to three 2 min tests in a balanced design where in addition to the feed container, either a traffic cone (visual test), white noise (auditory test) or eucalyptus oil applied to the inside of the container (olfactory test) were used as the novel stimuli. Compared to the control, less time was spent eating during all tests. There was no difference in locomotion activity in the different test situations, but presentation of the novel visual and auditory stimuli elicited significantly increased HR responses in the horses, compared to their response to the arena without novel stimuli (control), whereas there was no increase in HR response to the olfactory stimulus. However, during the olfactory test, the horses had an increased number of eating bouts and became more vigilant towards their surroundings, whereas during the visual and auditory tests, more time was spent alert towards the stimulus. The horses also took significantly more steps backwards in response to the auditory test. The heart rate responses correlated between tests and reflect a non-differentiated activation of the sympathetic nervous system, while the behavioural responses were linked to the type of stimulus. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2256 | ||
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