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Author Luescher, U.A.; McKeown, D.B.; Halip, J.
Title Reviewing the causes of obsessive-compulsive disorders in horses Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication Vet. Med. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 86 Issue Pages (up) 527-530
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Notes Cited By (since 1996): 17; Export Date: 21 October 2008 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4526
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Author Boesch, C.
Title Teaching among wild chimpanzees Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages (up) 530-532
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ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4707
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Author Deutsch, J.; Lee, P.
Title Dominance and feeding competition in captive rhesus monkeys Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication International Journal of Primatology Abbreviated Journal Int. J. Primatol.
Volume 12 Issue 6 Pages (up) 615-628
Keywords female dominance – feeding competition – nutrition – stress
Abstract The feeding behavior of 16 adult female rhesus monkeys living in three captive social groups was observed. Estimates of relative food intake, feeding rate, and location of feeding in relation to food sources were compared between females of different dominance ranks. Higher-ranking females had greater access to feeding sites and were supplanted or threatened less frequently while feeding than subordinates. However, no consistent differences in estimates of total intake were found between females of high and females of low rank. The effects of dominance on feeding behavior were most pronounced in the group receiving the least food relative to estimates of overall group nutritional requirements. Higher-ranking females, both over the long term and during the study period, tended to produce more surviving offspring. The effects of dominance on reproductive performance appeared to be less related to food intake than to competitive and aggressive interactions, potentially resulting in higher levels of stress for subordinates.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 813
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Author Potts, W.K.; Manning, C.J.; Wakeland, E.K.
Title Mating patterns in seminatural populations of mice influenced by MHC genotype Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume 352 Issue 6336 Pages (up) 619-621
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Notes 10.1038/352619a0 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5424
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Author McDonnell, S.M.; Henry,M. Bristol, F.
Title Spontaneous erection and masturbation in equids Proc 35th Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication Abbreviated Journal J. Reprod. Fert. Suppl
Volume 44 Issue Pages (up) 664-665
Keywords Horse; Masturbation; Erection; Aversive conditioning; Sexual behavior; Ejaculation; Semen
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Notes This paper is part of the special issue entitled “Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Stallion Reproduction”, Guest Edited by Dr. Edward Squires. Approved no
Call Number Serial 1378
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Author Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Shldeler, S.E.; Lasley, B.L.; Turner, J.W.J.
Title Pregnancy determination in uncaptured feral horses by means of fecal steroid conjugates Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication Theriogenology Abbreviated Journal Theriogenology
Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages (up) 753-760
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Abstract This study was carried out to develop an accurate, rapid and inexpensive method for diagnosing pregnancy in uncaptured feral horses by analysis of fecal steroid metabolites and to compare the accuracy of this method with diagnosis by urinary estrone conjugates (E(1)C). Paired urine and fecal samples were collected from 40 sexually mature feral mares during August and October. Urine samples were extracted directly from the soil and analyzed by enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) for E(1)C. Water extracts of fecal samples were assayed by EIA for E(1)C and nonspecific progesterone metabolites (iPdG). Urinary E(1)C, fecal E(1)C and fecal iPdG concentrations for seven mares which produced foals were 3.9 +/- 1.3 (SEM) mug/mg creatinine, 4.2 +/- 0.8 ng/g feces and 1.411 +/- 569.6 ng/g feces, respectively. Urinary E(1)C and fecal E(1)C and iPdG concentrations for the 33 mares which did not produce foals were 0.1 +/- 0.0 mug/mg creatinine and 0.5 +/- 0.1 and 32.8 +/- 4.5 ng/g feces, respectively. These differed (P < 0.01) from values in mares which produced foals.
Address Department of Biological Sciences Eastern Montana College Billings, MT 59101 USA
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ISSN 0093-691X ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:16726944 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 146
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Author Garott, R.A.
Title Sex Ratios and Differential Survival of Feral Hors Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication Journal of Animal Ecology Abbreviated Journal J Anim Ecol
Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages (up) 929-936
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Abstract (1) Sex and age data were collected on 60 111 feral horses (Equus caballus L.) removed from eighty-nine areas in Nevada, Wyoming, and Oregon between 1976 and 1987. (2) Sex ratios of young seldom differed from parity; however, sex ratios of adults were commonly skewed toward females. No evidence of differential capture probability between adult males and females could be detected; therefore, skewed adult sex ratios were attributed to differential survival. (3) Age-specific trends in sex ratios indicated that the proportion of males steadily decreased from near parity in foals, to lows of 0.61-0.77 in the 4-5-year age-classes. The trend then reversed with males becoming predominant (1.08-1.36) in the > 10 years age-class. (4) Population simulations suggest that survival diffentials of 0.05-0.07, favouring females to 4 years of age, and 0.02-0.04 favouring males in older age-classes were required to mimic observed age-specific sex ratio changes. To obtain the high proportion of males in the > 10-years age-class, onset of senescence also had to be earlier for females. (5) Causes for differential survival in the immature age-classes are uncertain, but may relate to behavioural or metabolic differences between the sexes. Differential survival between adult males and females is attributed to differences in the energetic costs of reproduction and disparity in their reproductive life spans.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2294
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Author Real, L.A.
Title Animal choice behavior and the evolution of cognitive architecture Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science
Volume 253 Issue 5023 Pages (up) 980-986
Keywords Animals; Bees/genetics/*physiology; Biomechanics; *Choice Behavior; *Cognition; *Evolution; Mathematics; Models, Genetic; Probability
Abstract Animals process sensory information according to specific computational rules and, subsequently, form representations of their environments that form the basis for decisions and choices. The specific computational rules used by organisms will often be evolutionarily adaptive by generating higher probabilities of survival, reproduction, and resource acquisition. Experiments with enclosed colonies of bumblebees constrained to foraging on artificial flowers suggest that the bumblebee's cognitive architecture is designed to efficiently exploit floral resources from spatially structured environments given limits on memory and the neuronal processing of information. A non-linear relationship between the biomechanics of nectar extraction and rates of net energetic gain by individual bees may account for sensitivities to both the arithmetic mean and variance in reward distributions in flowers. Heuristic rules that lead to efficient resource exploitation may also lead to subjective misperception of likelihoods. Subjective probability formation may then be viewed as a problem in pattern recognition subject to specific sampling schemes and memory constraints.
Address Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-3280
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ISSN 0036-8075 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:1887231 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2846
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Author Krzak, W.E.; Gonyou, H.W.; Lawrence, L.M.
Title Wood chewing by stabled horses: diurnal pattern and effects of exercise Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication Journal of Animal Science Abbreviated Journal J. Anim Sci.
Volume 69 Issue 3 Pages (up) 1053-1058
Keywords Animal Feed; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Circadian Rhythm; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; *Mastication; *Physical Conditioning, Animal; Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage; Videotape Recording; Wood
Abstract Nine yearling horses, stabled in individual stalls, were used in a trial to determine the diurnal pattern of wood chewing and the effects of exercise on this behavior. The trial was a Latin square design conducted over three 2-wk periods during which each horse was exposed to each of the three following treatments: 1) no exercise (NE), 2) exercise after the morning feeding (AM), and 3) exercise in the afternoon (PM). Horses were fed a complete pelleted feed in the morning and both pelleted feed and long-stemmed hay in the afternoon. Exercise consisted of 45 min on a mechanical walker followed by 45 min in a paddock with bare soil. Each stall was equipped with two untreated spruce boards during each period for wood chewing. Wood chewing was evaluated by videotaping each horse for 22 h during each period, determining the weight and volume of the boards before and after each period, and by visual appraisal of the boards. Intake of trace mineralized salt was also measured. Wood chewing occurred primarily between 2200 and 1200. All measures of wood chewing were correlated when totals for the entire 6 wk were analyzed. When analysis was performed on 2-wk values, videotape results were not correlated with volume or weight loss of boards. Horses chewed more when on the NE treatment (511 s/d) than when on AM or PM (57 and 136 s/d, respectively; P less than .05). Salt intake tended to be greater for NE than for the other treatments (P less than .10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Address Dept. of Anim. Sci., University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
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ISSN 0021-8812 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:2061237 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 1949
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Author Kaseda Y,
Title Some factors affecting on the population dynamics of two herds in Misaki feral horses Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication Animal Science and Technology Abbreviated Journal Anim Sci Tech
Volume 62 Issue Pages (up) 1171-1178
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes
Call Number Serial 1238
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